• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1729-1735
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of medicinal plant by-products (MPB) supplementation to a total mixed ration (TMR) on growth, carcass characteristics and economic efficacy in the late fattening period of Hanwoo steers. Twenty seven steers (body weight [BW], $573{\pm}57kg$) were assigned to 3 treatment groups so that each treatment based on BW contained 9 animals. All groups received ad libitum TMR throughout the feeding trial until slaughter (from 24 to 30 months of age) and treatments were as follows: control, 1,000 g/kg TMR; treatment 1 (T1), 970 g/kg TMR and 30 g/kg MPB; treatment 2 (T2), 950 g/kg TMR and 50 g/kg MPB. Initial and final BW were not different among treatments. Resultant data were analyzed using general linear models of SAS. Average daily gain and feed efficiency were higher (p<0.05) for T1 than control, but there was no difference between control and T2. Plasma albumin showed low-, intermediate- and high-level (p<0.05) for control, T1 and T2, whereas non-esterified fatty acid was high-, intermediate- and high-level (p<0.05) for control, T1 and T2, respectively. Carcass weight, carcass rate, backfat thickness and rib eye muscle area were not affected by MPB supplementation, whereas quality and yield grades were highest (p<0.05) for T1 and T2, respectively. Daily feed costs were decreased by 0.5% and 0.8% and carcass prices were increased by 18.1% and 7.6% for T1 and T2 compared to control, resulting from substituting TMR with 30 and 50 g/kg MPB, respectively. In conclusion, the substituting TMR by 30 g/kg MPB may be a potential feed supplement approach to improve economic efficacy in the late fattening period of Hanwoo steers.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

Objectives: The 2003 WHO/FAO technical report described that Korea has largely maintained its traditional high-vegetable diet despite major social and economic changes, and had lower than expected levels of obesity prevalence than other industrialized countries. However, the prevalence of obesity in Korea has recently been rapidly increasing. The aim of this study was to elucidate the determinants of this rapid growth of obesity prevalence in Korea and to compare the results of national nutrition surveys between Korea and Japan. Methods: The trends of the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Korea instituted every 3 years and that in Japan conducted every year were compared. The results of obesity prevalence defined as more than 25 of the Body Mass Index, the percentage of habitual exercisers and the results of the nutritional surveys were examined from 1992 to 2005 in Korea and from 1992 to 2004 in Japan. Results: The prevalence of obesity in males has been gradually increasing in both Korea and Japan since 1992. Though until 1995 the prevalence of obesity in the Korean male population was less than that in Japan, after 1998 Korea surpassed Japan and a markedly increasing trend was observed. In females, the increasing trend of obesity was slower than males in both Korea and Japan. However, the prevalence of obesity was much higher in Korea compared with that in Japan. The percentage of exercisers was much lower in Korea than in Japan. Although, the definition of an exerciser varies with the survey year in Korea and is different from that in Japan, almost 70% of the population was not regularly engaging in moderate or hard intensity exercise in Korea. From 1995, the total energy intake was increased by 9.8% in Korea but it was decreased by 6.9% in Japan. Presently, the energy intake per capita per day in Korea exceeded that in Japan. Remarkable increases in the intake of meat and poultry, vegetable oils and fats, and milk and dairy products were observed in Korea from 1995 to 2005. On the other hand, these values decreased during the same period in Japan. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity in Korea is increasing and has surpassed that of Japan. The current trends could be attributed to the low prevalence of habitual exercisers, and an increase in energy intake and the proportion of energy intake from fat.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.457-467
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• 2020

Legumes are one of the largest families of crop plants and are widely consumed and produced for their nutritional and commercial benefits. Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is a legume crop that contains various functional compounds ; moreover, it has strong antioxidant properties and is becoming an increasingly important food crop. However, most previous studies on mung beans have focused on their primary metabolites. In this study, we investigated the composition and contents of phenolic compounds, fatty acids, soyasapogenol and tocopherol in mung beans cultivated in different regions and cultivated at different seeding dates. Material analysis was conducted using the following methods: LC-MS/MS, GC-FID and HPLC-ELSD. In total, 57 different samples were analyzed. Thirteen phenolic compounds were detected in mung beans. Of these, vitexin and isovitexin were the most abundant compounds, accounting for approximately 99% of phenolic compounds. The difference in phenol compounds according to the seeding dates of mung bean was not statistically significant. The total fatty acid content in beans was the highest in Pyeongchang. Significant differences in total fatty acid content were found according to the cultivation regions. Crops grown in Sohyeon and Dahyeon showed the highest soyasapogenol B content in the Suwon region, and these were the lowest in Jeonju. The total tocopherol content of beans cultivated in Dahyeon and Sohyeon was the lowest and highest in Pyeongchang. Soyasapogenol B and total tocopherol content were not significantly different according to seeding dates. This study was conducted to obtain basic data for the cultivation of mung beans with a high content of various functional materials in terms of regional specialization and optimal seeding time.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2011

Objectives: Being overweight or obese is central to metabolic syndrome, and these characteristics constitute dominant risk factors for chronic diseases. Although behavioral factors, including eating habits and sedentary lifestyles, are considered to be determinants of obesity, the specific childhood factors that contribute to this condition have not been clearly defined. Methods: The subjects consisted of 261 children aged 7- 9 years who were recruited from an elementary school during October 2003. Information was obtained from their parents using a questionnaire focused on eating behaviors and lifestyle factors, additional data were also collected via anthropometric measurements and biochemical examinations, including blood tests. Results: A total of 48 (18.4%) of the 261 children were overweight, and 34 (70.8%) had at least one other component of metabolic syndrome. Eating behaviors emerged as significant lifestyle-related risk factors for being overweight or obese. Those who engaged in overeating more than twice per week had three times the risk of being overweight (odds ratio [OR], 3.10, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39 to 6.92), and those who ate rapidly had three times the risk of being overweight (OR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.68 to 6.41). Those who had fewer family meals (fewer than 2?3/month) had a nine times higher risk of being overweight than those who had family meals more frequently (at least 1/day) (OR, 9.51; 95% CI, 1.21 to 74.82). Conclusions: This study showed that being overweight or obese during preadolescence is associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome and is related to unhealthy eating behaviors. Thus, weight-control strategies and healthy eating behaviors should be developed early in life to reduce the risk for metabolic syndrome.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.199-206
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• 1997

Acetolactate synthase를 저해하는 sulfonylurea계 제초제 chlorsulfuron은 감수성 식물 체내에서 많은 생리, 생화학적 변화를 유도한다. 이 연구의 목적은 chlorsulfuron이 유발하는 독성이 감수성 식물체내에서 branched-chain 아미노산 생합성경로의 최종산물인 leucine, valine과 isoleucine의 결핍에 의한 것인지 혹은 branchedchain 아미노산 생합성 경로중 독성 대사산물의 축적에 의한 것인지를 결정하는 것이다. Chlorsulfuron에 처리된 캐놀라의 성장은 저해되었으며, 처리된 식물은 백화 현상, 잎말이 현상 그리고 안토시아닌 축적과 같은 약해증상을 보였다. Branched-chain 아미노산이 첨가된 영양배양액에서 생장하는 캐놀라에 chlorsulfuron을 처리하였을 경우 생장저해와 약해는 단지 부분적으로 완화되었다. 이와 같은 사실은 chlorsulfuron에 처리된 캐놀라의 약해는 branched-chain 아미노산의 결핍 이외에 또 다른 요인이 있음을 시사하는 것이다. 독성 대사산물로 알려진 2-ketobutyrate에 처리된 캐놀라 식물체내에서의 대사산물 변화와 chlorsulfuron에 처리된 캐놀라 식물체내에서의 대사산물 변화는 서로 다른 양상을 보였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과들은 chlorsulfuron에 처리된 감수성 식물이 나타내는 독성은 부분적으로 branched-chain 아미노산의 결핍에 의한 것이라는 점을 시사한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.166-178
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was no investigate serum lipid levels of primary school children and to estimate their intakes of total fat and fatty acids. Subjects fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for serum triglycerides(TG), total cholesterol(Chol) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-Chol). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Chol), LDL-Chol/HDL-Chol ratio(LPH), and atherogenic index(AI) were calculated,. Dietary intake of nutrients was assessed by means of a 24-hour recall method using food models and other measuring tools . The serum levels of TG, Chol and LDL-Chol in girls were higher than those in boys, but the serum HDL-Chol level of girls was lower than that of boys. As the degree of obesity increased, the serum TG level of girls was lower than that of boys. As the degree of oesity increased , the serum TG level of girls increased. The serum LDL-Chol level was higher in obese boys than in normal ones. Percentage s of subjects at risk of cardiovascular disease based on corresponding criteria of TG, Chol,HDL-CHol and LDL-Chol were 25.9%, 7.6%, 20.7% and 10.1%, respectively. The serum TG level of children provided with the national school lunch program(NSLP) was lower than that of children without NLSP. The total fat intake of boys was higher than that of girls, but calorie-adjusted fat intake became similar between the two groups. Intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA) and saturated fatty acids(SFA) were 13.3$\pm$9.5g, 16.1$\pm$9.3g and 21.4$\pm$14.2g in boys, respecitively , and 12.6$\pm$11.3g, 15.3$\pm$9.7g and 19.9$\pm$13.1g in girls, respectively . The ratios of polyunsaturated /monoun-saturated /saturated /saturated fatty acids(P/M/S) in boys and girls were 0.7/0.8/1.0 and 0.8/0.8/1.0 respectively. The ratios of $\omega$6/$\omega$3 fatty acids in boys and girls were found to be 12.1 /1.0 and 8.6/1.0 , respectively. These results indicated the urgent need of nutritional education in primary schools to prevent further increase in childhood obesity and hyperlipidemia . Therefore, this study will contribute to the establishment of dietary guidelines and health recommendation for school children.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.234-244
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• 2002

This study was conducted to compare the rates of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, high blood glucose, and liver dysfunction, between 64 obese children (24 boys and 11 girls who were moderately obese, and 21 boys and 8 girls who were severely obese) and 45 normal weight children (31 boys and 14 girls) from 13 elementary schools in Kangnung city. Among the boys with severe obesity, the levels of serum triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol (133.60 $\pm$ 49.99 mg/dl and 105.00 $\pm$ 41.12 mg/dl( respectively) were significantly higher compared to the normal Weight group (81.16 $\pm$ 23.59 mg/dl and 87.74 $\pm$ 32.095 mg/dl, respectively) of moderately obese group (102.30 $\pm$ 36.03 mg/dl, 89.99 $\pm$ 32.10 mg/이, respectively). In girls, only serum triglycerides were significantly higher in the severely obese group (154.30 $\pm$ 46.84 mg/dl), compared with the normal weight group (80.00 $\pm$ 25.31 mg/dl) or moderately obese group (106.40 $\pm$ 41.73 mg/dl). In boys, blood pressure in the severely obese group (systolic: 120.5 $\pm$ 9.74 mmHg; diastolic: 80.95 $\pm$ 10.44 mmHg) was significantly higher compared with the groups of normal weight or moderately obese children. The rate of hypertriglyceridemia was significantly different among normal weight, moderately obese, and severely obese boys (9.7%, 41.7%, and 76.2%, respectively). The proportion of boys who had an Atherogenic Index(AI) higher than 3 was found to be significantly higher in the severely obese group (28.6%), compared to 6.5% in the normal weight group and 4.1% in the moderately obese group. Among boys, a significantly higher rate of hypertension was found in the severely obese group, which showed high systolic blood pressure and high diastolic pressure (81.0% and 81.0%), compared with the normal weight group (16.1% and 22.6%) and moderately obese group (33.3% and 33.3%). In conclusion, the diagnosis and management of obese children needs to be tailored to gender and the degree of obesity. Furthermore, a systematic management program needs to be developed for early screening and detection of obesity in order to minimize the risk of hyperlipidemia and hypertension, especially in severely obese children.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2003

Balanced intake of appropriate nutrients is the key to sustaining and promoting health as well as preventing and treating diseases. It is not always easy, however, to take balanced nutrition and various related factors must be taken into consideration. This report provides a summary of studies that have examined the nutrient intakes of Japanese middle-aged men and the relationship of this intake to drinking, job-related separation from families, and health practices. The alcohol consumption of Japanese middle-aged men has more than tripled in the last forty years. When nutrient intake was examined in relation to alcohol consumption, it was discovered that the maximum acceptable alcohol consumption was approximately 23 grams (about two drinks) of pure alcohol, provided the level of nutrient intake for drinkers was equal to that of non-drinkers. The alcohol energy ratio was approximately 5％. It was also discovered that middle-aged men's eating habits deteriorate when they relocate to new posts without their families and live by themselves. Compared to those living with their families, a higher proportion of those living alone have unfavorable eating habits including skipping breakfast or lunch, having a late lunch, and eating and drinking after dinner until bedtime. When Breslow's seven health practices, nutrient intake, and consumption weight by food group were examined, it was discovered that the group that had many beneficial eating and living habits consumed plenty of legume, pulses, fruit, green yellow vegetables and milk products. Their intake of vitamins and minerals was high and the results of a physical examination proved to be excellent. According to nutrition surveys conducted in Japan, China, the United Kingdom and the United States using a 24-hour recall method with common protocols and strict controls to ensure high levels of accuracy and cross-study validity, the Japanese had the highest cholesterol intake and the lowest dietary fiber intake among the four countries. Also, the alcohol energy ratio of the Japanese exceeded 8％, the highest among the four countries, while their intake of magnesium and iron was the lowest These results indicate that it is necessary to enhance nutritional education for middle-aged men and to reinforce the social environments in which they live and work in order to promote proper diet and nutrition in Japan. (J Community Nutrition 5(2) : 105-111, 2003)

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.255-265
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• 2009

This study was investigated nutrient intakes and dietary evaluation index of the healthy subjects over 85 of Sunchang County to explore the improved dietary pattern for healthy aging of the elderly. The survey was conducted by personal interview to 161 elderly subjects (59 males and 102 females over 85) in 2006, and their daily dietary intake was assessed by 24-hr recalls and weighing one meal. The daily energy intakes of males were 1,335 ${\pm}$ 67 kcal, and those of females were 1,095 ${\pm}$ 38 kcal comprised of 66.8% and 68.4% of the EER for the age group of 75. The proportions of energy from carbohydrate : protein : lipid were 70.7 : 14.6 : 14.6 for males and 68.6 : 14.0 : 17.4 for females. The average protein intakes were 95.4% for males and 85.0% for females of RI, and the average calcium intakes were 54.3% for males and 43.6% for females of RI. The daily vitamin intakes were below 70% except vitamin A, vitamin $B_6$, and vitamin E. The proportion of the relative risk groups of protein, phosphate, iron and vitamin A ranged 40-49% of RI over 75 year groups. The other nutrient intakes showed that there were over 50% risk groups. Especially for nutrients such as calcium, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C, folate and niacin over 70% of the subjects were under risk. The median value of all nutrient intakes did not reach AI. The INQ of nutrients were over 0.8 except for folate and vitamin C. Calcium intakes were relatively low and needed attention. However, the ratio of calcium and phosphate showed 1 : 1.6, which appeared to be superior to the other districts. The DVS were higher as the dietary balance scores, KDDS were higher, and the groups with high KDDS had high intakes of nutrients compared to the groups with low KDDS. The high risk groups as judged by simple nutrition screening test had lower nutrient intakes than the groups of middle risk or low risk groups. The subjects in Sunchang area had relatively low intakes of several nutrients. However, judging from the desirable patterns of the energy proportion from three major nutrients, ratio of calcium and phosphate and INQ of nutrients there is a possibility that extended healthy aging might be related to the quality of nutrients and relative ratio between nutrients. To improve nutrient status of the elderly of the surveyed area further application involving KDDS and DVS appeared to be required.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.495-501
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• 1993

산마늘의 휴면 생리를 밝혀, 휴면 타파 및 연화 재배법을 개발하는 동시에 생육 단계별로 영양가를 비교 분석하여 shoot의 채취 적기를 구명코져 실시하였다. 3월 상순경부터 신구가 생성되기 시작하여 인경과 shoot가 형성 및 신장되다가 8월 하순에는 완전히 휴면에 들어갔다. 산마늘의 인경은 매년 신구로 갱신되며, shoot가 인경 상부에 $1{\sim}2\;cm$정도로 맹아하면 모인편의 연한 조직은 완전히 소실되고 섬유질만 남는 것이 타 구근류와 다른 점이다. 인편에는 생장억제 물질의 활성이 높게 나타났는데, 이것이 산마늘의 휴면에 관여하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 5월과 6월에 채취한 미숙구는 90일간 저온 처리$(5^{\circ}C)$ 하더라도 인경으로부터 맹아하지 않았으나, 7월이후에 채취한 어느정도 성숙한 구는 60일간 저온처리 하면 1 cm 이상 맹아 하였다. Shoot의 신장은 굴취 시기가 늦을수록, 저온처리 기간이 길어질수록 촉진되었다. 산마늘의 섬유소 함량은 잎이 전개 될수록 빛의 조도가 높을수록 증가 되었으나 암조건에서는 그 생성이 억제되었다. 산마늘의 알맞은 채취 시기로는 shoot가 식품으로서의 영양가가 높고 섬유질의 함량이 낮은 맹아기로부터 잎 전개기 사이가 좋다고 생각된다.