• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.382-395
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• 2021

Objectives: This study examined the nutritional status according to frailty status in the elderly at home. Methods: The participants were a total of 76 elderly at home living in Seo-gu, Gwangju, Korea. The nutritional status and frailty status were analyzed using the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E) and the Korean version of the Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses and Loss of weight Scale (K-FRAIL), respectively. Results: The distribution of frailty status was robust (17.1%), pre-frailty (38.2%) and frailty (44.7%), and its distribution was significantly different in genders, age groups and the number of medications. The mean NQ-E score was 47.0 for total subjects, indicating a low grade. The scores of balance, diversity and dietary behavior factors were within the low grade, while the score of the moderation factor was within the medium-high grade. According to the frailty status, pre-frailty and frailty showed significantly higher scores for sugar-added beverages intake in the moderation constructs than robust. Robust showed significantly higher scores for the exercise hours and perception level for one's health than pre-frailty and frailty. Conclusions: These results suggest that nutrition status is associated with frailty status. Regular nutrition education and visiting nutrition service should be established to improve the balance and diversity of food intake and improve the dietary behavior of the elderly at home.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.419-438
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 20-30대 성인을 대상으로 개인별 식습관 목표를 설정하고 인스턴트 메신저를 활용한 스마트폰 기반의 영양상담이 대상자의 영양지수, 식이 자아효능감, 영양소 섭취상태를 향상시킬 수 있는지를 평가하고자 하였다. 총 30명을 대상으로 모바일 메신저의 1:1 채팅방을 통해 주 1회 1시간 내외로 8주간 비대면 영양상담을 진행하였다. 상담 첫째 주에는 사전 온라인 설문조사와 식사섭취조사를 실시하였고, 두 번째 주에는 사전 조사 결과를 바탕으로 2가지의 식습관 목표를 설정하였고, 목표 달성 여부를 매일 기록할 수 있는 체크리스트를 제공하였다. 3주차부터는 상담영양사가 체크리스트를 바탕으로 피드백 메시지와 식생활 지침에 대한 정보를 카드뉴스 형식으로 제공하였다. 7주차 상담 후에는 사후 온라인 설문조사와 식사섭취조사를 실시하였고, 8주차에는 그 동안의 변화된 식습관을 살펴보고 상담 과정 평가에 대한 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였다. 영양상담 전후의 결과를 분석한 결과, 영양상담 후 대상자의 영양지수와 주위 환경 자극 조절 효능감 점수가 영양상담 전보다 유의하게 높았다. 영양지수 문항별로는 과일, 우유 및 유제품, 견과류, 채소류, 패스트푸드, 라면, 달고 기름진 빵류, 가당음료류의 섭취 빈도 점수가 영양상담 후 유의하게 높았다. 단백질, 비타민 A, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 엽산, 칼슘, 철의 섭취량과 비타민 A, 리보플라빈, 엽산, 칼슘, 철의 INQ도 영양상담 전보다 후에 높았다. 또한 참가자들은 영양상담 프로그램과 제공되는 영양정보에 대해 높은 만족도를 보였다. 이와 같이 개인별 목표 설정과 스마트폰 기반 영양상담은 20-30대 성인의 영양지수, 주위 환경 자극 조절 효능감, 그리고 영양소의 양적, 질적 향상에 효과적인 것으로 나타났으며, BMI에 따라 분류한 저체중·정상체중군과 과체중·비만군 모두 유사한 결과를 얻었다. 본 연구 결과 개인별 목표 설정, 자기 모니터링, 목표 달성에 대한 피드백과 격려가 행동 변화에 긍정적인 효과를 주는 것으로 보이며, 스마트폰을 편하게 사용하는 젊은 성인에게는 대면 상담이 아닌 스마트폰 채팅 기반 영양상담도 효과적인 방법이라고 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2000

Fasting heat production (FHP) of growing buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) in the body weight range of 76 to 236 kg was determined using open circuit respiration chamber. The details of the chambers, calibration of gas analysers and operation of the systems are described. Animals were fasted for 96 hrs during which only water was provided. FHP was determined during next 24 hrs. The mean oxygen consumed, carbon dioxide and methane produced and urinary N excretion per 24 h was $17.03{\ell}$, $11.70{\ell}$, and $0.12{\ell}$ and 0.35 g respectively. The mean respiratory quotient ranged from 0.68 to 0.71, which indicated that post absorptive stage is reached after 96 hrs in growing buffalo calves previously fed ammoniated straw-based ration. Mean FHP of calves was $331.4kJ/kg\;W^{0.75}$. FHP of calves with range of mean body weights of 167 to 235 kg, although nonsignificant but, was almost 12% higher than of calves having mean body weight of 101 kg. Suitable exponent to body weight to describe FHP of buffalo calves was 0.87.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2020

This study aimed to evaluate dietary behaviors and food allergy status of preschool children in Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju Metropolitan city. The survey included 592 preschool children aged 1-5 years old in 31 childcare facilities. General characteristics, feeding type, complementary feeding, food allergy, dietary behaviors based on the NQ-P questionnaire, and dietary habits of their family were considered. Exclusively breast-fed children was 32.2% of the subjects and the breast feeding duration was 6.5 months. Subjects who had complementary feeding within 6 months was 77.2% and starting time of complementary feeding was 6.1 months. Fifteen percent of the subjects had food allergies and foods that induced allergy were instant foods, eggs, milk and dairy products, nuts, seafood. Food allergy was not related to breast feeding nor complementary feeding. The NQ-P score and its 3 factors including 'balance', 'moderation', and 'environment' were 59.9, 61.1, 56.0, 62.6, respectively. There were positive relations between children's dietary behaviors and family dietary habits such as breakfast eating frequency and meal regularity. As age of children increased, instant food intake increased and breakfast eating frequency decreased. Proper nutrition education is needed to children, their parents, and their care givers at childcare facilities to improve children's dietary behavior and health.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.272-283
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Most child and adolescent food literacy measurement tools focus on nutrition and food safety. However, the importance of aspects related to the food system such as food distribution and food waste and their effects on environmental sustainability is growing. We therefore developed and validated a two-dimensional tool for children (8-12 years old) and adolescents (13-18 years old) that can comprehensively measure food literacy. The association of food literacy with diet quality and self-reported health was assessed. SUBJECTS/METHODS: First, we developed a food literacy conceptual framework that contains food system and literacy dimensions through a literature review, focus group interviews, and expert review. After a face validity study, we conducted the main survey (n = 200) to validate the questionnaire. Construct validity and reliability were assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: As a result of the Delphi study, content validity was confirmed for the remaining 30 items after two items were excluded (content validity ratio = 0.86). Eleven items were excluded from the EFA results, while the CFA results indicated appropriate fit indices for the proposed model (comparative fit index = 0.904, root mean square error of approximation = 0.068). The final food literacy questionnaire consisted of 19 questions and comprised 5 factors: production, distribution, selection, preparation and cooking, and intake. Food literacy was positively associated with diet quality, as assessed by the Nutrition Quotient score, in both children and adolescents and with self-reported health in adolescents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.228-243
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the distinctions in dietary and health-related behaviors among Indonesian women who marry Koreans or into multicultural families (MF) and those who marry Indonesians living in Korea (IK) and in Indonesia (II). Methods: The study was performed with 192 subjects using an online questionnaire regarding food choice, dietary and health behavior, and nutrition quotient (NQ). The analysis used Pearson's chi-squared test, the Fisher's exact test, multinomial logistic regression, and the general linear model. Results: The MF group consumed Korean food more than once a day and Indonesian food 1-2 times monthly (p < 0.001). The main challenge for the IK and II groups in consuming Korean food was the presence of pork and the different food flavors (p < 0.001). The MF group tended to have normal body mass index, consumed more vitamin and mineral supplements (p = 0.014), and exercised regularly ≥150 min/week compared to the IK and II groups (p < 0.001). However, the MF group had the highest rate of skipping breakfast (p = 0.040). When evaluating the NQ of the participants, the MF group consumed more vegetables (p = 0.026), mixed grains (p = 0.031), and spicy and salt soups (p = 0.006). The II group consumed more fish (p = 0.005), beans (p = 0.009), and nuts (p = 0.003). The IK group checked the nutrition labels the most (p = 0.005), while their consumption of vegetables, fish, beans, and nuts was lowest. The MF group had a higher balance score, which resulted in a substantially more nutritious food intake compared to the other two groups (p = 0.037). Conclusion: The MF group consumed more vegetables and mixed grains, adequate fish, beans, and nuts, and engaged in longer daily physical activity. However, the IK group had a relatively low-quality diet and nutritional intake status compared to the other two groups, and this needs to be improved in the future.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.247-263
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• 2023

본 연구의 청소년 영양지수 (NQ-A) 2021은 청소년의 식생활 및 식행동을 종합적, 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 선별 영양진단 도구로 영양전문가 뿐만 아니라 청소년 스스로도 쉽게 이용할 수 있도록 하는 것을 목표로 제·개정이 수행되었다. 본 연구에서는 2015에 개발된 한국 청소년 영양지수 (NQ-A) 체크리스트 항목을 기반으로 국민건강영양조사 자료, 국가 영양정책 및 지침, 청소년의 영양상태와 식행동에 관한 문헌에 대한 검토와 전문가를 대상으로 한 심층면접을 진행하였고, 이를 통해 25개의 파일럿 조사용 체크리스트를 우선 선정하였다. 파일럿 조사는 청소년 100명을 대상으로 시행되었고, 탐색적 요인분석과 전문가 의견수렴 과정을 거쳐 22개의 전국 단위 조사용 체크리스트 항목을 도출하였다. 전국 단위 조사의 경우 6개 광역시를 기준으로 층화추출된 총 1,000명의 청소년을 대상으로 진행되었고, 탐색적 요인 분석을 통해 청소년 영양지수 평가항목을 균형, 절제, 실천의 3가지 요인으로 분류한 후 확인적 요인분석을 통해 구조방정식 모형에 적합한 최종 20개 문항으로 NQ-A 2021를 최종 확정하였다. 청소년 영양지수의 영역별 가중치는 각각 균형 0.15, 절제 0.30, 실천 0.55로 결정되었다. 최종 확정된 NQ-A 2021의 각 영역별 문항은 다음과 같다. 균형영역에는 채소, 과일, 우유나 유제품, 콩이나 콩제품, 생선이나 조개류, 달걀, 견과류, 전곡·잡곡류의 섭취빈도의 8개 문항이, 절제영역에는 라면, 단음식·단음료, 카페인 음료, 맵고 짠 찌개나 탕류, 기름진 간식·튀김류 섭취, 야식, 편의점 등 길거리 음식 섭취빈도와 스마트폰 등을 보면서 식사하기 및 과식빈도의 9개 문항이, 실천영역에는 아침식사 빈도와 식품표시 확인, 식사 전 손 씻기의 3개 문항이 포함되었다. 대면평가로 이루어진 전국단위 조사대상자의 NQ-A 2021 평균 점수는 51.49점이었고, 각 영역별 평균점수는 균형 41.39점, 절제 55.67점, 실천 52.96점으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 NQ-A 2021은 20개의 체크리스트를 통해 10분 내외의 시간으로도 청소년의 식행동과 식생활을 평가할 수 있고, 균형, 절제, 실천 영역별 구체적 등급을 확인할 수 있다는 점에서 활발하게 이용될 수 있다. 또한 NQ-A 2021은 대면 평가와 웹사이트를 통한 비대면 온라인 평가가 모두 가능하며, 결과의 해석과 활용 자료를 함께 제공함으로써 영양전문가를 통한 영양교육과 연구뿐만 아니라 청소년 스스로 자신의 영양관리에도 다양한 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The anti-obesity effect of quercetin-rich onion peel extract (OPE) was suggested in rats, but information from human studies is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of OPE on the body composition of overweight and obese subjects. MATERIALS/METHODS: In this 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, parallel clinical trials were performed in overweight and obese Korean subjects. Randomly assigned subjects were instructed to take daily either the placebo (male, 6 and female, 30) or OPE capsules containing 100 mg of quercetin (male, 5 and female, 31). Body composition was measured by using bioimpedance and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) were evaluated by using indirect calorie measurement methods. Fasting blood levels of glucose, insulin, lipids, and leptin were determined. RESULTS: Quercetin-rich OPE supplementation significantly reduced the weight and percentage of body fat as measured by DXA (P = 0.02). These effects were not shown in the control group. Levels of blood glucose (P = 0.04) and leptin (P = 0.001 for placebo, P = 0.002 for OPE) decreased in both groups. Significant increases in REE and RQ were observed in both groups (P = 0.003 for placebo, P = 0.006 for OPE) and in the OPE group alone (P = 0.02), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Quercetin-rich OPE supplementation changed the body composition of the overweight and obese subjects. This result suggests a beneficial role of the anti-obesity effect of OPE human subjects.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.361-373
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between stress levels and eating habits in adolescents. Methods: A total of 453 male and female high school students were surveyed to ascertain their stress levels, Nutrition Quotients for Korean Adolescents (NQ-A), and stress-related eating behavior. Results: The average age of the subjects was 18 and they were mostly from nuclear families. Their average daily conversation time with their parents was between 10 to 30 minutes. The average sleep time for female students was observed to be less than that of male students. The satisfaction level of academic achievement of female students was significantly lower than that of the male students (P < 0.001). The average stress level score for female students was 2.7 out of 5, which was significantly higher than the male student's score of 2.4 (P < 0.001). The eating speed of male students was related to stress levels. Both male and female students ate more and craved spicy food when under stress. All male and female students had significantly ascending NQ-A scores rising in the order of stress from 'low level' to 'medium level', to 'high level' (P < 0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between the stress score and the NQ-A score adjusted for general characteristics (r = -0.29, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Since stress and NQ-A were negatively correlated in high school students, higher stress levels can be associated with irregular eating habits and negative eating behavior. Therefore, stress management and nutrition education focusing on stress status are needed for adolescents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.155-173
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• 2022

본 연구의 노인영양지수 2021 (NQ-E 2021)은 노인의 식생활 관리 상태를 종합적, 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 선별 영양진단 도구로 노인영양전문가 뿐만 아니라 일반인들도 쉽게 이해할 수 있어서 다양하게 활용되도록 하는 데 목표를 두고 수행되었다. NQ-E 2015 체크리스트 항목을 기반으로 하고, 노인의 식행동과 영양섭취 관련 문헌, 국민건강영양조사 자료, 국가 영양 정책 및 권고사항, 전문가 대상 심층면접을 통해 식품섭취영역에서 15개 항목, 식행동·식습관 영역에서 14개 항목의 총 29개 항목을 파일럿 조사용 체크리스트로 우선 선정하였다. 노인 100명을 대상으로 파일럿 설문조사 후 전문가 의견과 탐색적 요인분석을 거쳐서 전국 단위조사용 체크리스트로 23개 항목을 도출하였다. 전국단위 조사는 6개 광역시를 기준으로 층화추출한 총 1,000명을 대상으로 대면 조사를 수행하고, 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하여 노인 영양지수 평가항목을 3개 요인 (균형, 절제, 실천)으로 분류하고, 확정적 요인분석을 통해 최종 17개 항목이 NQ-E 2021의 구조방정식 모형에 적합한 것으로 도출되었다. 노인영양지수의 영역별 가중치는 각각 균형 0.55, 절제 0.10, 실천 0.35로 수렴되었다. 각 영역별로, '균형' 영역은 과일 섭취, 우유 및 유제품 섭취, 생선이나 조개류 섭취, 달걀 섭취, 콩이나 콩제품 섭취, 견과류섭취, 전곡이나 잡곡류 섭취, 물 섭취 빈도의 8개 항목, '절제' 영역에는 단음료나 단 음식 섭취와 기름진 빵이나 스낵 과자류 섭취 빈도의 2개 항목, '실천' 영역에는 건강한 식생활을 하려는 노력, 유통기한이나 영양표시 확인, 식사 전 손 씻기, 음식을 씹는데 불편한 정도, 우울정도, 숙면, 건강에 대한 자각의 7개 항목이 포함되었다. 전국단위 조사대상자의 NQ-E 2021 평균 점수는 51.7점이었고, 영역별 평균 점수는 균형 44.9점, 절제 52.2점, 실천 62.1점이었다. 본 연구에서 개발한 노인영양지수 (NQ-E 2021)는 17개의 간단한 설문항목, 10분 정도의 시간으로 노인의 전반적인 식사의 질과 식행동이 양호한지를 판정할 수 있고, 균형, 절제, 실천 영역의 구체적인 등급도 확인할 수 있다. NQ-E 2021은 오프라인뿐만 아니라 웹 연동 온라인 컴퓨터 프로그램으로 제공되어 간편하게 사용할 수 있으므로, 노인 스스로 자신의 영양상태를 평가하거나 또는 영양전문가들이 지역사회 주민들의 대면과 비대면 영양관리 자료로 다양하게 활용하는 것이 기대된다.