• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.749-758
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• 2003

Malnutrition is a common problem in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and compromised food intake is an important cause. Malnutrition is one of the important factors influencing mortality in these patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition education at improving nutritional status of 23 Korean HD patients (mean : 48.6 $\pm$ 10.4 years, men : 8, women : 15). Anthropometric indices, nutrient intakes, and biochemical blood indices were measured before and after a 6-month nutrition education intervention. Anthropometric indices such as percent ideal body weight [PIBW (%)], body fat, body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumference (MAC), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), and calculated arm muscle area (CAMA) of subjects were within the normal range and not changed by nutrition education. Subjective global assessment (SGA) was significantly increased (p < 0.05) after nutrition education. Intake of total energy, carbohydrate, lipid, Ca, and vitamin B1 was increased significantly (p < 0.05) but intake of phosphorus, potassium, and sodium was decreased (p < 0.05). The serum concentrations of albumin, total protein, and Ca were significantly increased (p < 0.05), but levels of P and K were decreased (p < 0.05) after the intervention. These findings suggest that nutrition education for HD patients can be effective for positively changing nutrient intakes, leading to improvements in blood indices and nutritional status.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.146-154
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to develop a computerized program for nutritional counseling and assessment of nutritional status. This study provides basic information on the feasibility of using computers in the field of foods, nutrition, and dietetics. Computerized programs developed for this study were as follows ; 1) programs for the analysis of caloric and nutritional intake. 2) programs for calculating caloric and nutritional requirements based on individual needs, 3) programs for the analysis of food intake behavior of individuals and assessment of their nutritional status. the personal computer type IBM-PC-16-OA XT was used for the development of the software for this program. Also, a work performance file was made by using the Dbase III package.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.218-229
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• 2003

Over the past two decades in the United States, social marketing has become an increasingly popular means of delivering nutrition education for the purpose of eliciting a specific behavior change. This manuscript defines social marketing via traditional marketing concepts and jargon, as well as through a communications strategy that can be used to guide message and campaign development. Research and evaluation strategies necessary to support the development and assessment of campaign promotions, is discussed. Four campaigns implemented in the United States, and one campaign implemented in Indonesia, are discussed in terms of the strategies presented. These campaigns illustrate how this educational technique and an array of assessment approaches have been applied to varied nutritional issues across diverse target audiences and settings. Practical recommendations, as well as discussion of issues regarding the advantages and disadvantages of using social marketing as an educational strategy, campaign sustainability, and philosophical considerations regarding the use of this educational approach, are addressed.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.122-131
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• 2019

The majority of children with cerebral palsy (CP) have feeding difficulties and are especially prone to malnutrition. The early involvement of a multidisciplinary team should aim to prevent malnutrition and provide adequate nutritional support. Thorough nutritional assessment, including body composition, should be a prerequisite for the nutritional intervention. As in typically-developed children nutritional support should start with dietary advice and the modification of oral feeding, if safe and acceptable. However, for prolonged feeding, in the presence of unsafe swallowing and inadequate oral intake, enteral nutrition should be promptly initiated and early gastrostomy placement should be evaluated and discussed with parents/caregivers. Gastrointestinal problems (oropharyngeal dysfunction, gastroesophageal disease, and constipation) in children with CP are frequent and should be actively detected and adequately treated as they can further worsen the feeding process and nutritional status.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.37-56
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• 2015

This study was conducted to develop job standards for clinical dietitian administering clinical nutrition therapy to diabetic patients in hospitals. Based on DACUM (Developing A Curriculum) analysis of 17 members including clinical dietitians, professors majoring in clinical nutrition and researchers, information on duties, tasks and task elements of clinical dietitians for diabetes care were derived and applied to diabetes mellitus-specific clinical nutrition care in hospitals for evaluation. The final developed job standards for clinical dietitians for diabetes care included four duties, 19 tasks and 56 task elements. The duties consisted of nutrition assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention, and nutrition monitoring evaluation. For application of diabetes mellitus-specific job standards in clinical nutrition care, 108 work activities were developed and classified into 90 basic and 18 recommended types. Performance rates of standardized jobs were 80.2% at nutrition assessment, 99.6% at nutrition diagnosis, 78.5% at nutrition intervention, and 32.9% at nutrition monitoring evaluation. These results can be applied as guidelines to implement jobs for diabetes mellitus-specific clinical nutrition services in clinical settings. In addition, they would be useful for education standards in educational institutions for education and training of clinical dietitian.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.879-889
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine nutrition management conditions of lunch with the elementary schools and middle schools in the Changwon area. 292 students (5th and 6th graders) from three elementary schools and 330 students from three middle schools (boys, girls, and co-ed) participated in the aggregate selective plate waste measurement for 5 days. Planned menus, serving sizes and plate waste amount data were collected. Nutrient analyses for the planned, served and consumed menus at school lunches were performed by using CAN-PRO 3.0. Nutrient analyses of the planned, served and consumed menus were compared with nutrient management standard (former edition) for school lunch and 1/3 Korean Dietary Reference Intakes (KDRIs). Significant difference was found in the average consumption rate between the elementary schools (82.2%) and the middle schools (71.8%). Specifically, the consumption rates of steamed rice (p < 0.001), side dish 1 (p < 0.001), and Kimchi (p < 0.01) at the middle schools were significantly lower than those of the elementary schools. When the nutrient contents in the served menus were put into percentages to the nutrient contents in the planned menus, middle schools (92.3%) showed bigger serving loss than the elementary schools (95.4%). In the nutrient assessment comparied with nutrient management standard (former edition), middle school lunches showed comparatively less energy or less some nutrient contents against the standard than the elementary school lunches. Specifically, in case of boys in middle schools, Vitamin C was the only nutrient content that satisfied the standard in the planned menus, served menus and consumed menus. In the 1/3 KDRIs based assessment, middle schoolers were found not to be provided proper nutrients with school lunches. To improve nutrition management at middle school foodservices, dietitians should reinforce nutrient assessment for menu planning, and try to decrease serving loss and plate waste.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.274-281
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• 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) infection from various jerky products in Korea. Methods: For the exposure assessment, the prevalence and predictive models of C. jejuni in the jerky and the temperature and time of the distribution and storage were investigated. In addition, the consumption amounts and frequencies of the products were also investigated. The data for C. jejuni for the prevalence, distribution temperature, distribution time, consumption amount, and consumption frequency were fitted with the @RISK fitting program to obtain appropriate probabilistic distributions. Subsequently, the dose-response models for Campylobacter were researched in the literature. Eventually, the distributions, predictive model, and dose-response model were used to make a simulation model with @RISK to estimate the risk of C. jejuni foodborne illness from the intake of jerky. Results: Among 275 jerky samples, there were no C. jejuni positive samples, and thus, the initial contamination level was statistically predicted with the RiskUniform distribution [RiskUniform (-2, 0.48)]. To describe the changes in the C. jejuni cell counts during distribution and storage, the developed predictive models with the Weibull model (primary model) and polynomial model (secondary model) were utilized. The appropriate probabilistic distribution was the BetaGeneral distribution, and it showed that the average jerky consumption was 51.83 g/d with a frequency of 0.61%. The developed simulation model from this data series and the dose-response model (Beta Poisson model) showed that the risk of C. jejuni foodborne illness per day per person from jerky consumption was $1.56{\times}10^{-12}$. Conclusion: This result suggests that the risk of C. jejuni in jerky could be considered low in Korea.

• 대한지역사회영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한지역사회영양학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.157-157
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• 2005

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 2010

Elderly people comprise an increasing proportion of the population, and nutritional impairments may contribute to health problems among this group. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status by Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and to identify relationships among anthropometric measurements, biochemical indicators, bone Mineral Density (BMD) and MNA results among older adults (${\geq}$65 yrs, n=98, 66.7${\pm}$2.5 yrs; M=52, F=46, BMI 24.5${\pm}$2.8 $kg/m^2$) at a Health Care Center. A dietitian administered MNA and collected anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference), biochemical indicators (albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, TLC, glucose, lipids) and the BMD (spine, femur, F=46). Subjects were grouped into a normal nutrition group (0~2 risk factors of malnutrition) and a high risk of malnutrition group (>=3 risk factors of malnutrition) based on their risk factor status for malnutrition. The risk factors for malnutrition include age ${\geq}$65 years, PIBW <90%, albumin <3.5 g/dl, TLC <1,500%, Hgb <14 g/dl (men), Hgb <10 g/dl (women), loss of appetite and weight loss 1~3 kg/last 3 months. In addition, subjects were grouped into a normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis group by BMD. We found that 12% of the subjects were at risk of malnutrition (MNA score, 21.4${\pm}$2.1) and that 88% were well nourished (27.3${\pm}$1.5) according to the MNA. Full-MNA scores were positively and significantly (p<0.05) associated with BMI, mid-arm circumference (MAC), calf circumference (CC), albumin and hemoglobin, respectively. The full-MNA score of the high risk of malnutrition group (23.0${\pm}$3.8) was lower than that of the normal nutrition group (27.0${\pm}$2.1) (p<0.05). In addition, the Full-MNA score was negatively associated with the risk factor of malnutrition (r=－0.35, p=0.0004). We found that 39.1% of the subjects had osteoporosis, 45.7% had osteopenia and 15.2% were normal according to their BMD. The MNA score of osteoporosis group (24.58${\pm}$3.3) was lower than that of the normal (27.4${\pm}$1.1) and osteopenia group (26.9${\pm}$1.5) (p<0.05). These results suggested that MNA can be useful as a nutritional screening tool of older adults in Health Care Centers.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.7-29
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• 2019

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 고령자의 다면적 라이프스타일 프로파일 개발을 위해 라이프스타일을 포괄적으로 평가하는 도구 뿐만 아니라, 라이프스타일의 기본요소인 신체적 활동과 영양 그리고 활동 및 참여를 평가하는 도구들을 체계적으로 분석하여 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법: 포괄적 라이프스타일 평가도구의 경우 2001년 1월부터 2019년 6월까지 CINANL, NDSL, PubMed, Riss을 사용하여 문헌을 수집하였으며, 검색어는 "lifestyle assessment" OR "lifestyle profile" OR "lifestyle test"를 사용하였다. 라이프스타일 구성요소별 평가도구 관련 문헌 검색의 경우 2010년부터 1월 부터, 2019년 6월까지 CINANL, NDSL, PubMed, Riss을 사용하여 문헌을 수집하였으며, 검색어는 "physical activity assessment", OR "physical activity participation profile", "nutrition assessment" 그리고 "activity participation assessment" OR "activity participation and lifestyle"을 사용하였다. 결과: 검색결과로 얻은 4,165편의 문헌 중 선정기준에 부합하는 31편의 연구가 최종적으로 선정되었으며, 총 31편의 논문에서 포괄적 라이프스타일 평가도구는 총 5종류로 모두 자가응답식 평가도구이며, Health Enhancement Lifestyle Profile(HELP)와 Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile(HPLP)이 각각 3편(33%)으로 가장 많이 사용되었다. 신체 활동 평가도구의 경우 자가응답식 설문형식의 평가도구가 7편(58%)으로 가장 많았고, 설문 형식의 평가 방법의 보완으로 객관적 평가도구인 가속도계를 기반으로 한 평가도구 4개(33%), 고령자를 위한 식이 평가도구는 Mini-Nutritional Assessment(MNA)가 3편(42%)로 가장 많이 사용 됨을 알 수 있었다. 활동 참여의 평가도구의 경우 총 5종류의 평가도구가 노인의 활동 참여를 측정하기 위해 사용되는 것으로 분석되었고 그 중 Meaningful Activity Participation Assessment(MAPA)가 3편(43%)으로 가장 많이 사용된 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 31편의 문헌 고찰 결과, 고령자의 라이프스타일과 관련된 평가도구는 총 21개로 나타났다. 포괄적 평가도구는 자가보고식의 평가가 기반이 된 항목이 많았고, 주로 음주, 흡연, 운동 및 식이와 사회적 활동에 관한 참여 빈도 및 시간을 측정하는 것으로 나타났다. 그 외 라이프스타일의 주요 구성 요소로 평가도구로는 대부분 자가보고식의 평가형식이며, 활동에 대한 참여여부와 빈도를 측정하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 기존의 포괄적 라이프스타일 평가도구와 라이프스타일의 각 항목별 평가도구의 종류, 평가항목 및 측정방법을 분석함으로써, 향후 고령자의 다면적 라이프스타일을 평가 할 수 있는 표준화된 평가도구를 개발하는데 기초자료로 활용 될 것으로 사료된다.