• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.138-152
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• 1995

The condition of nutrition during infancy will greatly affect infants' physical, emotional growth, especially breast feeding is important in their growth and development, and emotional stability, too. Despite such advantages of breast-feeding, its rate has continued to fall year after year in Korea : the 95% rate in 1960's has fallen to 25.4% in 1990. It is known that such a downfall of breast-feeding rate is associated with various factors. The purpose of the study is to examine mother's and nurses' in nursery perception of the impediment factors of breast-feeding : to compare those between of breast-feeding : to compare those between two groups : to provide fundamental data for developing strategies for increasing breast-feeding. The subjects were 45 new mothers from one hospital and the same number of nurses sampled from 3 university hospitals, in Seoul. The data were collected for 11 days from April 12 to April 23, 1994 and a questionnaire was developed based on the interview with 14 nurses and 10 mothers and the literature reviews. Liker's Five-Point Scale was used as measurement. The Data were analyzed using SPSS / PC and descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA. The results of study are as follows : 1) Most new mothers get the information about breast-feeding from their mothers, books or newspaper, and relatives in rank than professionals(nurses or doctors). 2) The impediment factors the breast-feeding are categorized as mothers, hospital system, medical personnels and social factors. The most frequently mentioned impediment factors from mothers are 'Difficulty by operational wounds'(3.13), 'Lack of will for breast-feeding'(3.47), 'Insufficient rest and sleep'(3.52) and 'Opposition from husband or his family members'(4.77)in rank. On the other hand those factors from nurses are 'Inadequate nipple condition'(2.37), 'Decreasing milk secretion given medicine after operation'(2.63), 'Mothers knowledge deficit by poorly prepared education'(2.79) and 'Mothers abhorance of breast-feeing'(3.87) in rank. 3) As for the hospital system, the highly perceived impediment factors by mothers are 'Seperation of baby from mother after birth'(2.78), 'Lack of space for breast-feeding in the hospital'(2.93), 'Lack of facility for informing the time for breast-feeding'(3.18) and 'Because of babys' preference artificial nipple by being accustomed to it in hospital(3.97), in rank. Meanwhile, those from nurses are "Seperation of baby from mother after birth",(1.92), "Inconsistency between hospital's nursing time and mother's breast secretion time" scretion time(2.97), "Lack of space for breast-feeding in the hospital"(3.39), and "Lack of facility for informing the time for breast-feeding"(3.74) 4) As for the medical personnels, the highestly perceived Impediment factor from mothers in "Lack of professional nurses for breast-feeding"(2.96), and the lowestly perceived one is "Doctors' reluctance"(4.75). Nurses perceived same as mothers, too. 5) As for the social factors, the highestly perceived impediment factor by mothers and nurses is "Inconvience of social activities"(2.83) and the lowestly ones are "The sense of self-sacrifice"(4.22) by mothers, and "The sense of old fashioned"(4.13) by nurses. 6) The difference of the perception of impediment factors between mothers and nurses is statistically significant only in mother factor.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2007

이 연구는 대학병원 간호사들을 대상으로 하여 이들의 근무형태에 따른 건강행태를 파악하고 간호사들의 건강유지 및 증진을 위한 체계적이고 효과적인 건강교육의 방향 설정을 위한 기초 자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 연구대상은 대구지역 일개 대학병원에 근무하는 간호사 340명이었고, 자료의 수집은 2006년 3월 6일부터 3월 30일까지 대상자의 일반적 특성, 업무환경특성, 건강행태, 자신의 건강에 대한 인식, 건강증진행위 실천 점수 등에 대하여 자기기입식 설문조사를 통하여 수행되었다. 교대근무 간호사(이하 "교대")와 비교대근무 간호사(이하 "비교대")의 건강행태의 항목에서 규칙적인 식사여부(p<0.01), 음주여부(p<0.05), 건강관리(p<0.05), 규칙적인 운동(p<0.01), 근무시간 외 시간 활용(p<0.05), 충분한 휴식시간(p<0.05), 피로인식여부(p<0.01)에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 대상자의 근무형태에 따른 건강증진행위 실천 점수는 교대가 115.4점, 비교대가 121.9점으로 비교대가 건강행위를 더 잘 실천하는 것으로 나타났고, 하부영역별로 실천 점수가 유의한 차이가 있는 것은 자아실현과 영양영역(p<0.01)이었으며, 자아실현영역에서 가장 점수가 높았고, 운동영역에서 점수가 가장 낮았다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 비교대보다 교대가 교대근무로 인해 상대적으로 시간적인 여유가 부족하고 불규칙적인 생활로 인해 시간활용을 잘 하지 못하는 것으로 생각되며, 교대의 건강행위 실천율을 높일 수 있도록 여건을 개선하고 건강행위에 대한 관심을 유도하는 방법을 모색해야 할 것이다. 또한 간호사들의 생활습관의 개선과 자신에 대한 긍정적인 평가가 이루어지도록 하고, 이에 대한 교육과 홍보가 필요하다고 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1003-1010
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• 2012

Background: This study examined the influence of body mass index (BMI), subjective body perception (SBP), and the differences between BMI and SBP influence on smoking among women. Methods: This study used the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV-2, 3 2008-2009. A urinary cotinine test was administered to 5485 women at least 19 years of age. Individuals whose cotinine level was at least 50 ng/mL were categorized as smokers. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the extent to which body-related variables affect female smoking. Results: Women with a lower BMI who perceived themselves to be normal or very fat were 2.09 times (1.14-3.83) more likely to smoke than women with a normal BMI and SBP. Women who were never married with a low BMI and thin SBP were 3.11 times (1.47-6.55) more likely to smoke than women with a normal BMI and SBP. Married women with a high BMI who considered themselves very fat were 0.63 times (0.43-0.94) less likely to smoke than women with a normal BMI and SBP. In contrast, divorced and widowed women with a low or normal BMI who considered themselves very fat were 26.1 times (1.35-507.3) more likely to smoke. Conclusions: Discrepancies between the objective physical condition (BMI) and the subjective body image (SBP) influence the female smoking rate. To reduce the number of female smokers, public education on the association between smoking behavior and weight issues is needed, especially among women with low BMI and distorted weight perception.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.743-754
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• 1999

The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the homecare needs of patients with cancer and to provide a basis of interventions. One hundred and two patients at one general hospital in Gyeongnam responded to a questionnaire developed on the basis of care needs perceived by nurses caring for hospitalized patients with cancer. The questionnaire was a Likert type 5 point scale with 56 items on five need categories ; 1) informational 2) physical care : 3) emotional care 4) socioeconomic care and 5) special care needs. Internal consistency of this questionnaire was Cronbach's $\alpha$＝.9101 for total items. The data was collected from March 1st to May 31th, 1998, by two graduate nurses. In the data analysis, mean & standard deviation were calculated to identify the degree of care need of each item, and the t-test & ANOVA were done to determine the effects of patients' demographic background on their care needs. The findings are summarized as follows ; 1) The mean score of total of need items was 3.048. Of the four need categories the highest score was informational at 3.4, followed by emotional care, 3.063, physical care, 2.623, and socioeconomic care, 2.599. 2) In the informational need category there were four subcategories with 19 items. Medication and pain control had the highest score, 3.755 ; second was diet and exercise, 3.613 ; third was disease and treatment process, 3.337 ; and last was personal hygiene and infection prevention at 2.687. 3) In the physical care need category there was nine items, IV infusion for nutrition and management of treatment complication was above 3.2 points and the remaining items were in the 2.847-2.070 score ranges. 4) In the emotional care need category there were seven items. The highest need was in support for relationships with health personnel, 3.673. The need for support of religions beliefs and support for having a religion were low at about 2 points. 5) In the socioeconomic care need category there were six items. Support for medical insurance expansion and financial support were above 3 points. Legal support and support for caring of children were low in the care needs. 6) In the special care need category the there were 15 items. Informational need about immunization and informational need about effects of disease on growth and development were high, above 4.1 points. Need for decubitus care and prevention, sitz bath and incontinence care were low, below 2 points. 7) There were significant differences in degree of care need according to admission rate, education level, marital status, religion and caregiver's religion. In conclusion, homecare needs perceived by hospitalized patient's with cancer was moderate, but informational need was higher than direct care need, leading to the conclusion that the provision of sufficient information to patients with cancer at discharge is needed. Nursing interventions should be developed considering the patient's background.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2020

섬망은 의식 장애, 주의력 장애 및 언어력 장애와 같은 일시적인 인지 장애가 있는 환자, 특히 노인에서 나타나는 가장 흔한 정신 장애 중 하나이다. 섬망은 환자와 가족에게 고통을 주고, 통증과 같은 증상의 관리를 방해할 수 있으며 노인 사망률 증가와 관련이 있다. 본 논문의 목적은 장기 요양 시설에서 섬망 환자를 구별하는데 사용될 수 있는 유용한 임상적 지식을 생성하는데 있다. 이러한 목적을 위해, 러프 하한 근사 영역을 갖는 로컬 커버링 규칙 기법을 활용하여 섬망과 관련된 임상적 분류 지식을 추출하였다. 제안된 방법의 임상적 적용 가능성은 전향적 코호트 연구로부터 수집된 데이터를 활용하여 확인하였다. 연구 결과, 섬망 기간이 12일 이상 지속될 수 있는 6가지 유용한 임상적 증거를 발견하였고, 체질량 지수, 동반질환 지수, 입원경로, 영양결핍, 감염, 수면박탈, 욕창, 기저귀 사용과 같은 8가지 인자들이 섬망 결과를 구별하는 데 중요한 요인이라는 것을 확인하였다. 제안된 방법의 분류 성능은 통계적 5-겹 교차검정 방법을 사용하여 3가지 벤치마킹 모델, 즉 ANN, RBF 커널 함수를 활용한 SVM, 랜덤 포레스트와 비교하여 검증하였다. 제안된 방법은 3가지 모델 중 가장 높은 성능을 제공한 SVM 모델과 비교했을 때 정확도와 AUC 기준에서 평균 0.6%와 2.7% 개선된 성능을 보였다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

In all mammalian species, progesterone is essential to both the preparation for, and maintenance of, pregnancy. The $20{\alpha}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ($20{\alpha}$-HSD) enzyme predominantly converts progesterone into its biologically inactive form $20{\alpha}$-hydroxyprogesterone, thereby regulating its activity. Thus, to directly assess sexual maturation in the MediKinetics $micropig^{(R)}$, we analyzed the concentration of the steroid hormones progesterone and estradiol during the estrous cycle. Our results show that the progesterone level exhibited by the analyzed $micorpig^{(R)}$ was low at the beginning of the estrous cycle, and then abruptly increased to $30.32{\pm}10.0ng/mL$ and $46.37{\pm}11.0ng/mL$ by days 9 and 11 of the cycle, respectively. It reached the highest level $55.87{\pm}3.5ng/mL$ on day 13 of the estrous cycle, before decreasing to $46.58{\pm}13.1ng/mL$ and $10.0{\pm}7.6ng/mL$ by days 15 and 17 of the cycle, respectively. In contrast, the estradiol level was shown to be highest ($27.13{\pm}11.2ng/mL$) at the initiation of the estrous cycle, after which point it decreased to $13.29{\pm}6.5ng/mL$ and $10.94{\pm}5.9ng/mL$ by days 4 and 5 of the estrous cycle, respectively. By day 17 of the estrous cycle, the estradiol level decreased to $4.13{\pm}7.6ng/mL$. We anticipate that these results will provide useful information to enable the study of human ovulation and reproductive physiology using the MediKinetics $micoripig^{(R)}$ as a model system. We recommend further investigation to elucidate the functional mechanisms underlying the regulation of sexual maturation in the MediKinetics $micropig^{(R)}$.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2013

In this study, we compared nutrient content emphasized on labelling of processed milks with that of whole milks and evaluated how well they conform to labelling standard. A total of 98 samples (33 whole milks, 28 calcium fortified milks, 30 low-fat milks and 7 lactose hydrolyzed milks) were collected in hypermarkets in Seoul from August 28 to August 30 in 2012. Calcium, fat and lactose contents were tested in the samples. Calcium contents ranged 102.2~113.0 mg/100 mL in whole milks and 120.1~337.8 mg/100 mL in calcium fortified milks. The level of calcium contents in fortified milks ranged very broad. Accordingly, the standard of calcium contents on fortified milks will be required. Fat contents ranged 3.1~3.9 g/100 mL in whole milks and 0.1~1.9 g/100 mL in low-fat milks. The average of fats content in low-fat milks was nearly one third than whole milks. Lactose contents was ranged 4.6~5.1 g/100 mL in whole milks and not detected in lactose hydrolyzed milks. All of processed milks were suitable to processing standard and labelling standard. But nutrition claims often used on processed milk such as "High" or "Low" were not adequate to indicate the exact nutrient content, which is a cause of the confusion for milk product labelling to consumers. We need a lot of research about nutrient labelling that can deliver appropriate and understandable information to customers.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2013

식품안전관리는 과학적 근거에 따라 진행되어야 한다. FAO/WHO에서는 식품안전관리 4대 원칙 중 하나로 위해성 분석을 제시하고 있으며, WTO에서는 위해성 평가에 입각한 경우에 한하여 자체적인 안전기준을 인정하고 있다. 과학적 분석 없이는 식중독 발생의 원인을 추적 제거함으로써 재발을 막는 것 또한 불가능하다. 연구개발은 과학적 근거를 생산하는 중요한 역할을 한다. 정부의 식품안전 연구개발은 11개 정부기관에서 40개가 넘는 사업을 통해 진행되고 있다. 그렇다보니 정확한 통계 자료를 확보하기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 사업명, 과학기술표준분류, 키워드라는 3가지 기준에 따라 국가과학기술지식정보서비스(NTIS)에서 제공하는 데이터베이스를 활용해 2008년부터 2010년까지 진행된 식품안전 연구과제를 추출하였다. 분석 결과, 식품의약품안전청과 농림수산식품부 및 농촌진흥청의 연구사업이 중요한 비중을 차지하고 있다. 위해성 평가를 위한 기초자료 확보 등을 위해서는 현재보다 1년 이상 다년도 과제의 비중을 높일 필요가 있다. 또한 SCI 논문을 투고할 수 있는 수준으로 연구의 깊이를 높일 필요도 있다. 노로바이러스 등 생물학적 위해에 대한 연구비중을 높이는 방향으로 연구 포트폴리오의 조정이 필요하다. 이를 위해서는 식품안전 관련 사업의 통합 집중화할 필요가 있다. 별다른 차이가 없음에도 부처가 다르다보니 별도로 설정하고 있는 식품안전관리와 농축산물 위생/품질관리로 이원화된 과학기술표준분류의 통합도 필요하다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

Objective : To estimate the socioeconomic costs of obesity in Korea,1998. Methods : The 1998 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(1998 NHNES) data was used and 10,880 persons who had taken health examinations were selected for study. Essential hypertension, NIDDM(non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis, coronary heart disease, stroke were included as obesity related disease. The data of direct costs of obesity was obtained from the National Federation of Medical Insurance. The category of indirect costs was the loss of productivity caused by premature death and admission, time costs, traffic costs, nursing fees due to obesity. Multiple logistic regression model was developed to estimate prevalence odds ratio by obesity class adjusted demographic and socio-ecnomic factors and calculate PAF(Population Attributable Fraction) of obesity on obesity related disease. And we finally calculated the socioeconomic costs of obesity in relation to BMI with PAF. Results : The direct costs of obesity were 2,126 billion${\sim}965$ billion Won in considering out of pocket payment to uninsured services, and the indirect costs of obesity were 2,099 billion${\sim}1,086$ billion Won. Consequently, in considering out of pocket payment to uninsured services, the socioeconomic costs of obesity were 4.225 billion${\sim}2,050$ billion Won, which corresponded to about $0.094%{\sim}0.046%$ of GDP and $1.88%{\sim}0.91$ of total health care costs in Korea. Conclusions : Obesity represents a major health problem with significant economic implications for the society. This results are conservative estimates as far as all obesity related disease and all health care and indirect costs were not included due to missing information. further studies are needed to caculate socioeconomic costs of obesity more exactly.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.227-238
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• 2020

Use of raw feedstuffs for livestock is limited by low digestibility. Recently, fermentation of feedstuffs has been highlighted as a new way to improve nutrient absorption through the production of organic acids using inoculated microorganisms, which can also play a probiotic role. However, standard procedures for feedstuff fermentation have not been clearly defined because the process is influenced by climatic variation, and an analytical standard for fermented feedstuffs is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and biochemical changes of feedstuffs during fermentation at temperatures corresponding to different seasons (10℃, 20℃, 30℃, and 40℃). We also investigated the effects of yeast, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and Bacillus spp. on fermentation and determined the results of their interactions during fermentation. The viable cells were observed within 8 days in single-strain fermentation. However, when feedstuffs were inoculated with a culture of mixed strains, LAB were predominant at low temperatures (10℃ and 20℃), while Bacillus spp. was predominant at high temperatures (30℃ and 40℃). A significant drop in pH from 6.5 to 4.3 was observed when LAB was the dominant strain in the culture, which correlated with the concentrations of lactic acid. Slight ethanol production was detected above 20℃ regardless of the incubation temperature, suggesting active metabolism of yeast, despite this organism making up a marginal portion of the microbes in the mixed culture. These results suggested that fermentation temperature significantly affects microbiological profiles and biochemical parameters, such as pH and the lactic acid concentration, of fermented feedstuffs. Our data provide valuable information for the determination of industrial standards for fermented feedstuffs.