• Title/Summary/Keyword: Nutrient Input

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벼유기농업단지 에너지효율 및 양분수지 평가 (Assessment of Energy Efficiency and Nutrient Balance in Organic Rice Farming Area)

  • 길근환;강종국;이경도;이장희;이경보;김재덕
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.267-273
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    • 2008
  • 안전농산물에 대한 국민의 관심 증대와 농업환경자원의 유지 보전을 위한 지속적인 농업생산 방안으로 친환경농업 육성의 필요성이 증대되어 왔다. 이에 우리나라에서는 친환경 농업이 빠르게 성장하여 1999년 1300호였던 인증농가가 2007년에는 100배 증가하여 13만호에 이르고 있다. 그러나 친환경농업의 빠른 증가 추세에도 불구하고 친환경농업이 농업생태계에 미치는 영향에 대한 정량적인 연구는 미흡한 실정으로 친환경농업의 올바른 확산을 위해서는 농업생태계에 미치는 영향을 규명하고, 지속가능성을 정량화하는 연구가 필요하다. 이에 친환경농업의 지속가능성을 평가하고자 2006년부터 2007년까지 완주군 고산면 광역친환경농업단지 벼유기농업단지에서 쌀생산 시 에너지효율 및 양분수지를 조사하였다. 그 결과 벼유기농업단지가 관행논보다 에너지효율은 낮았으나 재생가능한 에너지 자원을 사용하는 유기농법이 화학비료나 농약을 사용하는 관행농법에 비하여 자원이용의 지속가능도는 높았다. 또한 벼유기농업단지는 과량의 축분퇴비 시용으로 토양 내 인산과 칼륨이 과다 축적되어 있으므로 축분 퇴비의 시용량을 줄이고 질소대비 인산과 칼륨의 함량이 비교적 낮은 자운영 등을 이용한 시비개선이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

월악산 소나무림의 낙엽생산과 낙엽을 통한 영양염류 이입량 (Litterfall and Nutrient Input via Litterfall in Pinus densiflora Forest at Mt. Worak National Park)

  • 남궁정;문형태
    • 환경생물
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.261-265
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    • 2009
  • 월악산 국립공원 내의 소나무군락에서 2005년 5월부터 2008년 4월까지 3년 동안 월별 낙엽의 생산량과 낙엽을 통해 임상에 이입되는 영양염류의 양을 조사하였다. 2005, 2006, 2007년의 낙엽생산량은 각각 3.070, 3.066, 3.099 ton $ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$이었으며, 3년 동안의 평균 낙엽생산량은 $3.078{\pm}0.018\;ton\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$이었다. 낙엽 구성원 중 침엽, 가지 및 수피, 생식기관 그리고 기타가 차지하는 비율은 각각 61.9, 10.4, 5.2, 22.5%으로 침엽이 차지하는 비율이 가장 컷다. 조사지소에서 3년 동안 낙엽을 통해 임상에 이입되는 질소, 인, 칼륨, 칼슘 그리고 마그네슘의 평균 양은 18.014, 0.878, 4.240, 7.349 그리고 2.172 kg $ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$이었다.

친환경농업을 위한 지역축산발전 방향에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Development of Regional Livestock Industry Based on Sustainable Agriculture in Korea)

  • 심재천
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.339-355
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    • 2005
  • Nutrient balance is important to develop environmentally friendly agriculture. Phosphorus surplus in nutrient balance was more serious than that of nitrogen. Nitrogen and phosphorus exceeded twice the requirement at 30 cities/counties and 32 among 165, respectively. Given livestock waste and optimal nutrient balance, the proper number of animal feeding was 1.68LU/ha. Considering livestock waste only, the optimal number of livestock feeding was 3,918,000LU (heads) and, including fertilizer that would be 2,288,000LU. It is recommended to introduce the regional control system to regulate nutrient input and output, and the trading system of livestock feeding rights to control that.

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섬진강 하구역에서 영양염의 하구내 거동과 플럭스 (Estuarine Behavior and Flux of Nutrients in the Seomjin River Estuary)

  • 권기영;문창호;이재성;양성렬;박미옥;이필용
    • 한국해양학회지:바다
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.153-163
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    • 2004
  • In order to estimate the nutrient flux of the Seomjin River into the coastal waters of South Sea, and to understand the estuarine reactions during mixing between river water and seawater, we collected surface water along the salinity gradient in the Seomjin River estuary from Mar. 1999 to Apr. 2001. We found that nitrate and silicate were delivered by fluvial input, while phosphate was, supplied from disposed wastes in the Gwangyang Bay. Mean annual flux of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), phosphate and silicate into the Gwangyang Bay was estimated 10.9 molesㆍsec$^{-1}$(4,820 tonnesㆍyr$^{-1}$), 0.07 molesㆍsec$^{-1}$(68 tonnesㆍyr$^{-1}$), 13.3 molesㆍsec$^{-1}$(11,747 tonnesㆍy$^{-1}$), respectively. An evident removal of phosphate, silicate and ammonium at the mid-salinity zone during the dry season was attributed to the active uptake of phytoplankton, and consequently nutrient flux into the Gwangyang Bay was low. Whereas, during the flood season in summer, conservative or additional distribution of the nutrients was observed in the estuary. As a rsult nutrient flux into the Gwangyang Bay was maintained high. High concentrations of chlorophyll a and the active removal of nutrient during the dry season at the mid-salinity zone suggest that nutrient distribution in the Seomjin River estuary was mainly controlled by biological processes and nutrient fluxes into the Gwangyang Bay might be significantly modified of by the primary production.

강원도 중왕산 지역 낙엽활엽수림과 낙엽송 조림지에서 수관통과우와 수간류 및 낙엽낙지에 의한 양분 유입의 차이 (Differences of Nutrient Input by Throughfall, Stemflow and Litterfall between Deciduous Forest and Larix kaempferi Plantation in Mt. Joonwang, Kangwon-do)

  • 정문호;이돈구;엄태원
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.136-144
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구는 낙엽활엽수림과 낙엽송 조림지에서 양분 유입의 차이를 알아보고자 강원도 평창군에 위치한 중왕산 지역에서 임내강우와 임외강우, 낙엽낙지에 의한 양분 유입량과 토양수 내 양분 농도를 조사하였다. 조사 기간동안 연평균 강우 차단율은 낙엽활엽수림에서 12%, 낙엽송 조림지에서 36%로 낙엽송 조림지에서 높았다. 수관통과우 내 양이온 농도는 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 음이온 농도는 낙엽송 조림지에서 더 높았으며, 수간류에서는 $Cl^-$ 이온이 낙엽송 조림지에서 높았으며, 다른 이온은 차이를 보이지 않았다. 수관통과우와 수간류에 의한 양분 유입량은 $Cl^-$ 이온을 제외한 다른 이온들의 유입량이 낙엽송 조림지보다 낙엽활엽수림에서 더 많았다. 토양수 내 이온 농도는 A층에서는 $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$ 이온이, B층에서는 $Ca^{2+}$, $Cl^-$ 이온이 낙엽송 조림지에서 다소 높았다. 연간 낙엽낙지량은 낙엽활엽수림에서 $2,589kg\;ha^{-1}$로, 낙엽송 조림지의 $1,046kg\;ha^{-1}$보다 많은 유입량을 보였다. 낙엽낙지내 이온 함유량은 N의 경우 낙엽송 조림지와 낙엽활엽수림에서 각각 1.6%와 1.1%로 낙엽송 조림지에서 더 높았으나, 양이온 함량은 낙엽활엽수림에서 더 높았다. 낙엽낙지에 의한 양분 유입량은 N의 경우, 낙엽활엽수림에서 $36.81kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, 낙엽송 조림지에서 $16.16kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$였으며, 양이온의 유입량 역시 낙엽활엽수림에서 많았다. 이를 종합해 볼 때, 본 연구에서 수관통과우와 수간류 및 낙엽낙지에 의한 양분유입량은 낙엽활엽수림에서 더 많은 것으로 나타났다.

Classification and prediction of the effects of nutritional intake on diabetes mellitus using artificial neural network sensitivity analysis: 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

  • Kyungjin Chang;Songmin Yoo;Simyeol Lee
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제17권6호
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    • pp.1255-1266
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    • 2023
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to predict the association between nutritional intake and diabetes mellitus (DM) by developing an artificial neural network (ANN) model for older adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Participants aged over 65 years from the 7th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. The diagnostic criteria of DM were set as output variables, while various nutritional intakes were set as input variables. An ANN model comprising one input layer with 16 nodes, one hidden layer with 12 nodes, and one output layer with one node was implemented in the MATLAB® programming language. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the relative importance of the input variables in predicting the output. RESULTS: Our DM-predicting neural network model exhibited relatively high accuracy (81.3%) with 11 nutrient inputs, namely, thiamin, carbohydrates, potassium, energy, cholesterol, sugar, vitamin A, riboflavin, protein, vitamin C, and fat. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the neural network sensitivity analysis method based on nutrient intake demonstrated a relatively accurate classification and prediction of DM in the older population.

반 정량 식품빈도 조사법 (SQFFQ)과 24시간 회상법을 이용한 영양평가 Software 개발 (Software for Nutritional Assessment Using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire and the 24-hour Recall Method)

  • 이상아;이경신;김형숙;이해정;최혜미
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제7권4호
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    • pp.548-558
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to develop a computer software program for nutritional assessment using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQs) and the 24-hour Recall Method. The software for the SQFFQ was divided into input, output, and database. For dietary analyses, recipe and food databases were used. The recipe database included 25 items and the food database was divided into 18 food groups. The food database was composed of 19 general nutrient items, 33 fatty acids, and 18 amino acids. The software developed in this study can be summarized as follows: 1) input items related to the individual s ages information, lifestyle, biological values, and dietary habits; 2) individualized data in percent of the Korean RDA, the energy ratios of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, the ratio of animal to plant source intakes, and the distribution of food group intakes; 3) Statistical data on the individual's information, lifestyle, biological values, and dietary intakes including the frequency of intake of cooked foods, the amounts of food, and the number of food groups, and nutrients. In the 24-hour Recall Method, the input and output consisted of the individual s information and cooked dish intakes. The individual s report included the amounts of nutrient intake according to number of meal and days, in comparison to the Korean RDA, the energy ratio for carbohydrates, proteins and fats, the ratio of animal to plant source intakes, and the distribution of food group intakes. The statistical report presented the number of food groups and foods, and the nutrient intakes. To evaluate the validity of the SQFFQ, the Spearman Rank Order Correlation and kappa values were used. As a result, correlation coefficients comparing the 24-hour Recall Method appeared to be more than 0.5, except for vitamin $B_1, B_2$, niacin, and vitamin E. The kappa values for energy and carbohydrate intakes were both 0.7, and protein, fat, vitamin C, folate, Ca, and iron intakes ranged from 0.3 to 0.7.

양액재배를 위한 배양액관리 지원시스템의 개발 I. 배양액의 배합 및 전기전도도(EC)의 예측 (Development of a Supporting System for Nutrient Solution Management in Hydroponics I. Fertilizer Combination and Electrical Conductivity(EC) Prediction)

  • 손정익;김문기
    • 생물환경조절학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.52-60
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    • 1992
  • The optimum management of nutrient solution needs the effective combination of fertilizers as well as the accurate control of nutrient solution. This study was attempt to make a supporting system for effective fertilizer combination by using computer and also to develop a EC predicting equation for keeping the EC of solution within the allowable range after application of combined fertilizers. The supporting system consists of three parts : (1) data bases, (2) rules for deciding the kinds and amounts of fertilizers and (3) main control. With input data, the main control automatically constructs the network connecting the related data bases and subsequently executes the operation of searching proper fertilizers through it. For more effective searching, fertilizers are classified into two levels(level 1 and level 2) in consideration of solubility, price, and frequency in use, and searched in that order. The EC prediction equation, a extended form of the Robinson and Stroke's theoretical equation only available for a binary electrolyte, is suggested for predicting the EC of the nutrient solution containing many kinds of inorganic compounds. The comparison of predicted and measured ECs showed good agreements with the high correlation between the predicted EC decrement by ion interaction and the actual one(limiting EC minus measured EC).

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pH, 영양염류 농도 및 빛이 Microcystis bloom의 초기단계에 미치는 영향 (Effect of pH, nutrient and light on the early stage of Microcystis bloom)

  • 하경;장민호;정광석;박재림;주기재
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제11권7호
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    • pp.705-711
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    • 2002
  • In order to determine the factors causing Microcystis spp. bloom in the lower Nakdong River (Mulgum), we prepared wide ranges of pH, nutrient(N, P) concentration and the light through an enclosure experiment far 10days (pH gradient. 6.5, 7.5, 8.5, 9.5; gradient of N, P: ${\frac{1}{2}}DW+{\frac{1}{2}}River$ Water (RW), RW only; four different levels of nutrient addition/day; light: 100, 85, 60, 30, 15% of full sun light). From three days, the difference of Microcystis density in each enclosures was observed. The high density of Microcystis was maintained in the treatments over pH 9.5 and 85% of full sun light. However, in all nutrient treatments, relatively lower cell density than that of pH and light treatments was observed. These results suggested that pH and light input may play more important roles than nutrients in the early development of Microcystis bloom in the eutrophic lower Nakdong River.

Physiological and Genetic Mechanisms for Nitrogen-Use Efficiency in Maize

  • Mi, Guohua;Chen, Fanjun;Zhang, Fusuo
    • Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.57-63
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    • 2007
  • Due to the strong influence of nitrogen(N) on plant productivity, a vast amount of N fertilizers is used to maximize crop yield. Over-use of N fertilizers leads to severe pollution of the environment, especially the aquatic ecosystem, as well as reducing farmer's income. Growing of N-efficient cultivars is an important prerequisite for integrated nutrient management strategies in both low- and high-input agriculture. Taking maize as a sample crop, this paper reviews the response of plants to low N stress, the physiological processes which may control N-use efficiency in low-N input conditions, and the genetic and molecular biological aspects of N-use efficiency. Since the harvest index(HI) of modern cultivars is quite high, further improvement of these cultivars to adapt to low N soils should aim to increase their capacity to accumulate N at low N levels. To achieve this goal, establishment and maintenance of a large root system during the growth period may be essential. To reduce the cost of N and carbon for root growth, a strong response of lateral root growth to nitrate-rich patches may be desired. Furthermore, a large proportion of N accumulated in roots at early growth stages should be remobilized for grain growth in the late filling stage to increase N-utilization efficiency. Some QTLs and genes related to maize yield as well as root traits have been identified. However, their significance in improving maize NUE at low N inputs in the field need to be elucidated.

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