• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.187-201
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the smart phone usage experience structure for college students. The phenomenology approach was used by conducting 4 times in-depth interviews with the 7 college students age between 20~23. Collected Data was analyzed by Giorgi's phenomenological method. There were 4 general structure descriptions and 28 themes. General structure descriptions were 'Dependence on smart phone', 'Phenomenon of smart phone usage', 'Results of smart phone usage' and 'Relationship between stress and smart phone'. Themes consisted of 'Ambivalence', 'Positive feelings for smart phones', 'Separation anxiety', 'Negative feelings for smart phones'. 'Dependent feelings for smart phones', 'A sense of unity with smart phones', 'Helpful for my life', 'Deeply involved with my life', 'Useful tool in my life', 'Study, communication, relaxation and health care', 'Maintain personal relationship', 'The most important thing in my life', 'Shallow relationship stress', 'Interference with personal relationship', 'Forming a negative relationship', 'Invasion of privacy', 'Forming a Incorrect relationship', 'Unwanted participation', 'No effort to improve relationship', 'Poor concentration', 'Interference with academic study', 'Study assistance', 'Limited help for study in depth', 'Shelter from the stress', 'Amplification of the stress', 'Obsessive focus', 'Feel separation for the reality' and 'Waste of time'. Smart phone usage make college students dependent on smart phones and had negative influence on both personal relationship and academic results. Usage of smart phone also amplified stress. Therefore we need fundamental principles on usage of smart phone and propose to build cultural etiquette that provides reasonable way to use smartphone.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.147-168
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• 2005

It examined the doubt point which AED motive relates until now, the AED should have bought a life how, present address of our country site pre-hospital care, comparison it tried to observe the advanced nation instance back. Gist of this research the AED important cold region once compared to informed to how many cardiac arrest patient, against him the what kind of preparation wanted informing the necessary cold region. It soaks simultaneously but the AED motive is widely supplied distant in future and it is generality and it is feeble but it wanted doing one morning. The habit difference of an American who does of course meat diet mainly and a Korean is many and it compares in the United States and the cardiac arrest patient comparison occurs holds a point few. To become Western anger but and be caused by with thin dietary life, stanching bleeding cung, with the fact that the heart attack is increasing rapidly with the hyperextension. It is a talk which anyone it knows all. The major league most Choi huy Sub in condition will catch the ball which floats and the multi co-player and to collide when falling down, the medical device which is committed with emergency aid is AED motive. From the United States subway station and the shopping which are a public place on the baseball field outside the jar which it will drive, the museum and the school, easily there is it will be able to discover the AED from the court of justice back. The Pittsburg university the students per the individual $30 the core phyey were receiving the smallness lifestyle alcoholic beverage and a AED motive actual training with mercy of degree. From the United States distant in future the AED motive is sold even from the retail store and. From our country like this plan government offices temporary disposal education from from 119 fire fighters emergency structure company in fire fighting government employee and nursing must magnify a former enterprise rainy spell in summer multi temporary disposal education with the head which it will burn with the head. This plan in early rising will be able to become fixed in Korea it forecasts with the fact that. The research which it sees it leads and like the United States to some day become fixed even from our country to believe and suspicion it is not and in the people in approach ease one AED supply plan fire fighting government employees stand in the first and feed with the fact that must be positive at this enterprise they become.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2006

Central venous catheter (CVC) for long-term venous access is indispensable for various reasons including hyperalimentation, frequent blood sampling, frequent IV drug use in pediatric patients. We report clinical experience of surgical neonates in whom CVC was inserted primarily via great saphenous vein into suprarenal inferior vena cava. From March 2004 to March 2006, we performed CVC insertion via saphenous vein - contralateral side to main wound - into suprarenal inferior vena cava in surgeries of neonates. 2.7Fr or 4.2Fr, single lumen, tunneled Broviac catheters (Bard Access system, Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah) were used. Skin exit site of tunneled catheter was located in ipsilateral flank area just below edge lower rib. At the end of the procedure, location of the catheter tip was confirmed by plain radiography of abdomen. We retrospectively reviewed the admission records of the patients including nursing staff charts. Nine (50.0 %) patients were male and nine (50.0%) were female. Median gestational age was 38 weeks (range, 29-42 weeks) and median birth weight was 3,105 gm (range, 1,040-3,720 gm). Median age at catheter insertion was 38.5 days (range, 1-236 days). The purpose of CVC insertion was short-and long-term hyperalimentation in nine (50.0 %) patients. CVC insertion was performed in operation room under general anesthesia in sixteen (88.9 %) patients (in these cases, CVC insertion was performed just prior to concurrent operation) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) under local anesthesia with adequate sedation in two (11.2%). During the admission period (total catheter-indwelling time: 553 days), CVC functioned well without any significant side effects. Transient swelling of the ipsilateral leg (n=1, 5.6 %) and transient migration of catheter tip (n=1, 5.6 %) were noted, which did not affect function of the indwelled CVC. Mean catheter-indwelling time was 30.7days (range, 3-72 days). All catheters were removed electively except two mortality case. Complications, such as thrombosis, infection, kinking or extravasation of drugs, were not observed in our study period. Tunneled trans-great saphenous vein inferior vena cava catheters are not only comparable to cervical CVCs in terms of function and complication rates, but also very beneficial in selected patients, especially those in whom cervical approach is technically impossible or contraindicated.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.11-15
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• 2016

Gastrointestinal cancers remain the most prevalent cancers in many developing countries such as Iran. The aim of this study was to estimate incidence, prevalence and mortality, as well as time trends for gastrointestinal cancers in Isfahan province of Iran for the period 2001 to 2010 and to project these estimates to the year 2020. Estimates were driven by applying the MIAMOD method (a backward calculation approach using mortality and relative survival rates). Mortality data were obtained from the Ministry of Health and the relative survival rate for all gastrointestinal cancers combined was derived from the Eurocare 3 study. Results indicated that there were clear upward trends in age adjusted incidence (males 22.9 to 74.2 and females 14.9 to 44.2), prevalence (males 52.6 to 177.7 and females 38.3 to 111.03), and mortality (males 14.6 to 47.2 and females 9.6 to 28.2) rates per 100,000 for the period of 2001 to 2010 and this upward state would persist for the projected period. For the entire period, the male to female ratio increased slightly for all parameters (incidence rate increased from 1.5 to 1.7, prevalence from 1.4 to 1.6, and mortality from 1.5 to 1.7). In males, totals of 2,179 incident cases, 5,097 prevalent cases and 1,398 mortality cases were predicated to occur during the study period. For females the predicted figures were 1,379, 3,190 and 891, respectively. It was concluded that the upward trend of incidence alongside increase in survival rates would induce a high burden on the health care infrastructure in the province of Isfahan in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.231-240
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• 2011

This study of the elderly in the future expansion of long-term care insurance as a priority landing at the introduction of physical therapy services aim to provide baseline data and long-term care insurance for him, the elderly that provides physical therapy services under the elderly property of a physical therapist recognition system for the investigation was conducted. As a result, the perception of the elderly long-term care insurance was higher by 88.1% of the higher needs, but also the absolute need for more than 40 years of age the response was higher with 60.3 percent. In addition, the number of visits that care should be priced higher relative to the 59.7 percent was the highest opinion. Visit of physical therapy services include the most important therapeutic approach to life and 40% was the highest forum, visit the Nursing Center as a service principal points that you need to visit the rehab center, accounting for 69.4 percent opinion. The expected effect of physical therapy visits conducted in a 50-point scale showed an overall average 41.44 points and 42.48 points, especially over the age of 40 appear in the overall expected effect was higher.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.348-354
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• 2017

In this study, patterns of proteome expression were monitored and specifically expressed proteins in human milk were detected in collected human milk after 1 week, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks from delivery. A quantitative shotgun proteomic approach was used to identify human milk proteins and reveal their relative expression amounts. For each sample, two independent human milk samples from two mothers were pooled, and then three replicated shotgun proteomic analyses were carried out. Casein, which is a highly abundant protein in human milk, was removed, and then trypsin was treated to produce a digested peptide mixture. The peptides were loaded in the home-made reversed-phase C18 fused-silica capillary column, and then the eluted peptides were analyzed by using a linear ion-trap mass spectrometer. The relative quantitation of proteins was performed by the normalized spectral count method. For each sample, 81-109 non-redundant proteins were identified. The identified proteins consisted of glycoproteins, metabolic enzyme, and chaperon enzymes such as lactoferrin, carboxylic ester hydrolase, and clusterin. The comparative analysis for the 63 proteins, which were reproducibly identified in all three replications, revealed that 25 proteins were statically significant differentially expressed. Among the differentially expressed proteins, Ig lambda-7 chain C region and tenascin drastically decreased with the delivery time.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2007

This study was focused on figure out what kinds of elements are influencing on job satisfaction with approach of the educational system. It was also to figure out how work characteristics and role conflicts of employees influence on job satisfaction. Objects of study were employeeswho had been working in Hospice and Palliative medical center at least for 6 months, and they were doctors, nurses, ministers, and welfare workers. Collected materials were analyzed by Frequency Analysis, One-way ANOVA, Correlation Analysis, and SimpleRegression Analysis. Results from study can be summarized like below. The first, job satisfaction of workers in Hospice and Palliative medical center were 3.36, and this numerical value is pretty high over all. For saying from the higher to the lower satisfaction level, there were satisfaction with job itself, satisfaction with co-workers, satisfaction with seniors (superiors), and satisfaction with organizations, on the other hands, satisfaction with salaries was turned out as the lowest level among those. The second, role conflict was 2.63, and it is considered as the medium level. after inquiring into it by elements of role conflict, they felt many environmental difficulties compared to other workers in different fields such as environmental difficulty, role ambiguity, insufficient ability, process obscurity, etc. The third, work environment influencing on job satisfaction are as follows. Professional environment among characteristics of work environment was significant statistically. Job satisfaction of ministers was the highest; others were in the order of doctors, welfare workers, and nurses. For employment history, job satisfaction was higher as they have more and longer job experience including whole professional experience both in hospice and palliative medical center. In addition, participating in hospice and palliative programs, intensive training regularly was significantly. Job Motivation was also significant statistically. Especially, job satisfaction was higher when people decided to work in hospice and palliative medical center because of individual desire (self-realization). Lastly, influence of role conflict on job satisfaction is as follows. Environmental difficulty, role ambiguity, insufficient ability, process obscurity, etc showed the significant meaning statistically, and the lower role conflict was related with the higher job satisfaction. Suggestions for next study based on such results are as follows in order to improve or increase job satisfaction of employees in hospice/palliative medical centers. The first, to expand education opportunity of employees is needed to increase job satisfactionof hospice/palliatives medical centers. Participating in intensive programs and seminars by types of occupation and acquiring professional knowledge are very important since employees are motivated by those activities. For that, developing and activating intensive education/programs by professional occupations are suggested. The second, dividing roles of employees and determining each job's limit clearly in hospice/palliative medical centers are required. For that, study developing standard job regulations is suggested for each professional job. Lastly, developing and providing reasonable salaries is needed because low salaries of hospice/palliative medical centers are the absolute reason lowering job satisfaction. Therefore, this paper suggests improving the salary level of employees of hospice/palliative medical centers and developing practical plan for it.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.268-271
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• 2015

About 2-year old northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) which is designated as natural monument (#323-1) in Republic of Korea was rescued by a local farmer and presented with a 2-weeks history of pain, swelling, stiffness and limping. On physical examination, plantar pododermatitis and digit IV weakness were observed. Radiographic findings also showed bone lyses with soft tissue swelling in the foot. A definite diagnosis was made as stage III bumble foot after multidisciplinary approach of the patient. Bacterial culture was performed, and concurrently antibiotic susceptibility testing is determined using wound site exudates specimen. Bacterial isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, known normal skin flora. Treatment was initiated with surgical incision and necrotized tissues removal. Lavage-drainage and ball bandage were applied with topical mupirocin ointment application. Doughnut shaped pad was attached on bottom of the ball bandage to reduce weight bearing. After three weeks of intensive care, the wound site completely healed but digit IV weakness remained permanently. The goshawk returned to nature after eight weeks after treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 2007

Considering the characteristics of the Korean family which maintain a close connection with their patients from the moment of their falling sick to hospitalization to discharge, the family is the most important environmental factor of the social supporting system, and is the important object of the client as well as activity system. The medical social work intends to meet the practical needs of aged chronic patients, providing them and their family with a professional human service. The end of this study is to find out the hardships of both the aged chronic patients and their family as well as their needs for the social welfare service, and to search out the way of comprehensive social work service. The summary of the analysis of the survey is as follows: 1. The needs of aged chronic patients are divided into those of the solution of the problems of falling ill, social welfare program and discharge. Those needs arc affected by the various factors of the types of hospitals, the patients' age, the kinds of insurance, and the supporting systems, etc. Accordingly, the assessment of the needs of the patients are asked to be done comprehensively in accordance with the kinds of diseases and social environments. 2. The importance of the family to the aged chronic patients is evident. The family plays a decisive role in the patients' hospitalization and discharge, the family being an important supporting system and making it necessary to take an approach to client system. The family has difficulty in getting connection of community resources, in adapting to social life after the patient's discharge, and in paying the treatment. The family suffers the secondary hardships more than the burden of the treatment expenses. 3. For this reason various interventions are needed to reduce the stress caused by supporting and nursing patients. Thus the social welfare service for the aged chronic patients and their family needs the following prepositions: 1. It is the characteristics of the aged chronic patients that they need continuous care and that the strengths of the patients and their family cannot be too much emphasized, and that comprehensive assessment based on the connection 'with the community and the mutual interchange 'with the environment, is much emphasized. 2. The family of the aged chronic patient is a resources system as well as a client one. 3. Another characteristic of the aged chronic patients is that with the resources connection in mind, it needs an active intervention of social workers in the community. With these prepositions considered, the development of practical social work service for the aged chronic patients is thought urgently needed.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.80-87
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• 2009

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify the types of widow's bereavement experience and understand the nature of it's bereavement by using Q-methodological approach. Methods: Contents Q sample included 46 statements obtained from literatures and interviews with 5 widows. P sample consisted of 13 widows who bereaved within 2 years. The data were collected from October 2004 to December 2006 and analyzed using Quanal program. Results: Two types of widow's experience were found. Type 1 was characterized by loss suffering, and type 2 was characterized by acceptance and adaptation Conclusion: Widows were found to experience different types of bereavement. Therefore, bereavement care team should assess the types of suffering pain and provide appropriate care to the widows. Also, need to be developed programs to relieve or prevent suffering of bereavement.