• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.138-152
• /
• 1995

The condition of nutrition during infancy will greatly affect infants' physical, emotional growth, especially breast feeding is important in their growth and development, and emotional stability, too. Despite such advantages of breast-feeding, its rate has continued to fall year after year in Korea : the 95% rate in 1960's has fallen to 25.4% in 1990. It is known that such a downfall of breast-feeding rate is associated with various factors. The purpose of the study is to examine mother's and nurses' in nursery perception of the impediment factors of breast-feeding : to compare those between of breast-feeding : to compare those between two groups : to provide fundamental data for developing strategies for increasing breast-feeding. The subjects were 45 new mothers from one hospital and the same number of nurses sampled from 3 university hospitals, in Seoul. The data were collected for 11 days from April 12 to April 23, 1994 and a questionnaire was developed based on the interview with 14 nurses and 10 mothers and the literature reviews. Liker's Five-Point Scale was used as measurement. The Data were analyzed using SPSS / PC and descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA. The results of study are as follows : 1) Most new mothers get the information about breast-feeding from their mothers, books or newspaper, and relatives in rank than professionals(nurses or doctors). 2) The impediment factors the breast-feeding are categorized as mothers, hospital system, medical personnels and social factors. The most frequently mentioned impediment factors from mothers are 'Difficulty by operational wounds'(3.13), 'Lack of will for breast-feeding'(3.47), 'Insufficient rest and sleep'(3.52) and 'Opposition from husband or his family members'(4.77)in rank. On the other hand those factors from nurses are 'Inadequate nipple condition'(2.37), 'Decreasing milk secretion given medicine after operation'(2.63), 'Mothers knowledge deficit by poorly prepared education'(2.79) and 'Mothers abhorance of breast-feeing'(3.87) in rank. 3) As for the hospital system, the highly perceived impediment factors by mothers are 'Seperation of baby from mother after birth'(2.78), 'Lack of space for breast-feeding in the hospital'(2.93), 'Lack of facility for informing the time for breast-feeding'(3.18) and 'Because of babys' preference artificial nipple by being accustomed to it in hospital(3.97), in rank. Meanwhile, those from nurses are "Seperation of baby from mother after birth",(1.92), "Inconsistency between hospital's nursing time and mother's breast secretion time" scretion time(2.97), "Lack of space for breast-feeding in the hospital"(3.39), and "Lack of facility for informing the time for breast-feeding"(3.74) 4) As for the medical personnels, the highestly perceived Impediment factor from mothers in "Lack of professional nurses for breast-feeding"(2.96), and the lowestly perceived one is "Doctors' reluctance"(4.75). Nurses perceived same as mothers, too. 5) As for the social factors, the highestly perceived impediment factor by mothers and nurses is "Inconvience of social activities"(2.83) and the lowestly ones are "The sense of self-sacrifice"(4.22) by mothers, and "The sense of old fashioned"(4.13) by nurses. 6) The difference of the perception of impediment factors between mothers and nurses is statistically significant only in mother factor.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.320-325
• /
• 2011

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of germination condition, nursery media and nutrient concentration in plant factory on the growth characteristics of pak-choi and lettuce seedlings. The results showed that temperature (15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$) and light conditions (lighting and no lighting) had no significant effect on germination rate of pak-choi and lettuce, whereas the interaction of growing media (rockwool and urethane sponge) and moisture management before and after sowing had significant effect on germination percentage. In case of no moisture management before and after sowing, germination percentage was much higher in rockwool medium than urethane sponge medium. But germination percentage of urethane sponge was higher than that of rockwool with applying moisture before and after sowing. At the nutrient concentration of EC $1.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ the fresh weight of pak-choi was heavier than in EC 1.5 and $0.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ by 1.8 and 6.0 times, respectively. At the nutrient concentration of EC $1.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ the fresh weight of lettuce was also heavier than in EC 1.5 and $0.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ by 1.7 and 3.5 times, respectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.53 no.5
• /
• pp.634-638
• /
• 2010

Purpose: In Kyung Hee East-West Neo Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, efforts to raise rooming-in care success rate have been undertaken since when the hospital was established in 2006. We intended to analyze our experience over the past 3 years of period and to discuss the advantages of rooming-in. Methods: We analyzed the rooming-in practice rate, failure rate, and the breast feeding rate. Subjects were 860 normal healthy neonates from June 2006 to June 2009. Results: Among these 860 cases, 83 babies were required separation out of rooming-in in the middle of the course. Among these 83 cases, 70 cases had to stop the course due to poor condition of babies and 13 cases due to maternal condition. 70 cases of infant's causes consist of 68 cases of NICU admission and 2 cases of poor feeding support. The other 13 cases of separation include refusal by maternal condition. Therefore the success rate of rooming-in for the last 3 years was 90.3%, that is 777 cases among the total 860 cases. The percentage of exclusive breast feeding was 64%, that of mixed feeding with breast and formula feeding was 25%, and formula feeding only was 11%. Conclusion: We experienced successful rooming-in care for the last 3 years. Nursery facilities should educate and encourage the advantages of rooming-in, including the good formation of attachment between mother and infant, emotional stability, protection from infection, and increased breast feeding rate so that rooming-in care can be fully established.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.78 no.3
• /
• pp.314-322
• /
• 1989

For the improvement of nursery condition and the study of eco-physiological characteristics of Pinus koraiensis(2-2) seedlings, the primary productivity was investigated and the growth characteristics and their correlationship were analyzed from May to September in 1987. Seedlings used in this study were grown at the nursery of Experimental Forestry of Kyung Hee Univ. The installation of experimental plots were divided into control plot (100%), 63%, 37% and 19% relative light intensity, and each relative light intensity plots were split into $15{\times}15/m^2$, $12{\times}12/m^2$, $9{\times}9/m^2$ and $6{\times}6/m^2$ plnting density by randomized black design method. To take into account the edge effect of plant population, material were selected from each plot by random sampling at 30 days interval. Each sampled material was divided into leaf and stem drived in a drying oven at the temperature of $85^{\circ}C$ until it had constant weight and weighed. and leaf area was surveyed. Growth analysis for RGR and NAR was done by Blackman method and correlation coefficient were investigated between RGR and NAR by analyzing the dry matter production and growth characteristics of the material, cultivated on the experimental nursery under the condition of different treatment the obtained result were as follows : 1. The increasing rate of dry matter was similar at early stage of growth, but not at late stage. 2. Leaf area growth was the maximum value at 63% relative light intensity and the minimum at 19% RLI 3. The value of RGR was the highest on June under $6{\times}6/m^2$ planting density in 63% relative light intensity, the lowest on September under $12{\times}12/m^2$ of 19% relative light intensity. 4. The change NAR decreased in early stage of growth, while it increased on August and September, The value of RGR on June under $6{\times}6/m^2$ planting density in 100 light intensity was the highest, and on September under $12{\times}12/m^2$ planting density in 19% relative light intensity was the lowest. 5. Regression and correlation between RGR and NAR showed significantly positive.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2017.06a
• /
• pp.49-49
• /
• 2017

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr.) grows naturally under shading of tree canopy, therefore shading levels take a main role for an optimal growth of sugar palm seedlings. The study was conducted to examine the effect of shading levels on the seedlings growth of sugar palm for up to 11 months under four shading levels: S0 (100% of full sunlight or non-shading), S1 (32% shading level), S2 (56% shading level), and S3 (64% shading level). Sugar palm seedlings grown under the shade (32, 56, and 64%) showed better plant height, stem diameter, leaf size, petiole and rachis length, chlorophyll content, root fresh and dry weights, root volume, and total biomass than those grown without shading. Although there were no significant different responses among the shading treatments on plant height, biomass dry weight, leaf morphological characters, chlorophyll content, and SPAD value, the S2 treatment showed a significant effect on a better root characters. Therefore, it can be concluded that the S2 treatment, 56% shading level, is an optimal shading condition for sugar palm seedlings.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.82-85
• /
• 2004

Bacterial soft rot by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora is one of the diseases causing the biggest damages in Chinese cabbage cultivation. This study was conducted to evaluate on suppressive effect of calcium fertilizer to bacterial soft rot of Chinese cabbage. Seven calcium fertilizers were selected for evaluation. And screening was conducted to select effective agents for controlling bacterial soft rot. When applied by the nursery test condition using mineral oil inoculation method with Chinese cabbage, calcium hydroxide had more suppressive efficacy than any other calcium fertilizer, While nitrogen fertilizer was induced the disease, calcium hydroxide was suppressed soft rot disease in field test as well as seedling test. Treatment of calcium+nitrogen fertilizer as well as calcium only showed a significant control effect in the field experiment with Chinese cabbage 'Sanchon' in 2003.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2002

This study was carried out to select the utilizable vegetations for the stabilization of slopes and river banks, landscape creation and water quality cleansing in dams, lakes and streams. In this study, 10 herbaceous plants were investigated for their survival and growth characteristics under complete and partly flooding conditions in the nursery. The ranking order of flooding tolerance based on survival ability showed that Iris pseudoacorus, Phragmites communis and Phragmites japonica were first, Typha angustata, Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Pennisetum alopecuroides were second, and Cymbopogon tortilis, Miscanthus sinensis, Kummerowia striata and Lolium multiflorum were last. That of flooding tolerance base on growth ability showed that Iris pseudoacorus, Phragmites communis, Phragmites japonica, Typha angustata and Miscanthus sacchariflorus were first, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Miscanthus sinensis and Kummerowia striata were second, and Cymbopogon tortilis and Lolium multiflorum were last. Espcially, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Iris pseudoacorus, Phragmites japonica and Phragmites communis showed good survival and growth abilities when they were complete flooded for 60 days. Also high flooding tolerant species grow as better as flooding period longer under the partly flooding condition. It was found that Pennisetum alopecuroides and Kummerowia striata have excess moisture tolerance because they showed good survival and growth under the partly flooding condition. This study confirmed that the possibilities of utilizing Iris pseudoacorus, Typha angustata, Phragmites japonica, Phragmites japonica, Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Pennisetum alopecuroides and Kummerowia striata as the efficient plants for vegetation measures on the flooded slopes of dam and various impoundment sites.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 2004

According to the research result of existing regarding the seabed organic sediment, contamination it flows from the land and the sea become the enemy in the coastal water. It was caused with the summer season water temperature rise and dispersing recall respect advancement. Phosphorus which is a main reason of red tide actual condition came to reveal vast quantity with the facts that it gushes. Specially, in the case of the coastal closing waters and the nursery, as the corpse and the fresh fish washing veterinarian was imbrued, it is the actual condition where is more deepened. Consequently the development of shallow layer dredging method of that suction power which is stabilized is demanded to be able to dredge only the sediment layer which has not become the pressure and is a main reason of being imbrued. The dredging methods using the pressure difference minimize the suction of the seabed sediment. This method is stable that suction power which occurs from guard difference of the guard and the guard of the dredging system inland water. That's why it is possible to sort dredging of the organic sediment ranging in upper layer sediment and it will be able to expect the minimization of dredging quantity. Increase of the expense that it followsin orthocenter with the fact will not grow. Because the pressure difference of the dredger inland water is occurred by the suction power. Maintenance administrative costs are reduced, because the one of smallest dredging system maneuvers and the barge which affixes an integrated operation system is mainly in a resting. To reduce a dredging hour, it will be able to solve in the condensed water as operating the jar guard post.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.678-686
• /
• 1997

This experiment was carried out to develop the mass propagation system for producing plug plantlets using stem cuttings of virus-tree microtubers in potato. Cocopeat, vermiculite, perlite and peatmoss were combined and used as plug nursery media to find out the best combination suitable for the growth of seedlings derived from microtubers. Seedling growth was favored in high temperature (above 2$0^{\circ}C$) and a long-day photoperiod(above 16 hours) condition, while stolons and microtubers formed in outdoor condition. Shoot and root multiplication was not affected by NAA 10mg /1 or IAA 10mg /1 treatment. At the early growth stage of plug plantlets, the number of leaves and roots and the length of root increased significantly when nodes from the upper (near to apex) part of shoots rather than from basal part were taken. But after transplanting, these differences among these characters were not observed. At ninety days after transplanting the plug plantlets in spring time, plant was around 70 to 80cm in height, and the number of stolons and tubers were ten and seven, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.107-116
• /
• 2014

Gonadal development and maturation mechanism were studied on the freshwater marsh clam Corbicula papyracea (Heude), which is the endangered species in Korea. The specimens were collected in the rearing ponds and waterway of NFRDI in Gapyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do from January to December 2004, and then investigated by condition factor, relative growth, gonadal development phases and gonad histological characters based on 30-50 individuals every month. Comparing with the freshwater marsh clam, C. papyracea is small, light olive brown shell and violet interior. The hermaphrodite individuals of C. papyracea take an internal fertilization and fertilized eggs are stored in the foster-sack in the gills, then the hatched juveniles are released outside after an ovoviviparous process. The average water temperature of inhabit area was in range of $1.8-27.0^{\circ}C$ and usually took great effects on the gonad maturation of C. papyracea. The condition factor ranged from 0.14 to 0.21 throughout the year, which was the lowest during winter season (December-February), and gradually increased to the highest value of 0.21 in May. The ratio of meat weight to total weight was 25.9-38.7%, indicating the similar trend with condition factor. The highest values of condition factor and the ratio of meat weight appeared 1-2 months later than gonadosomatic index reached the peak value, it was probably because that the ovoviviparous eggs would spend a long period before hatching from the foster-sack in the gills. To synthesize the characters of meat weight, condition factor and gonad development by histological study, reproductive cycle of C. papyracea could be divided into five successive stages: multiplicative stage (December to February), growing stage (February to May), mature stage (June to August), spawning stage (August to November), recovery stage (November to December). The smallest shell length of matured C. papyracea was 12.6 mm, and individuals, larger than 16 mm, was formed the nursery in the gills.