• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.442-446
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• 1985

저염산(低鹽酸), 저온(低溫)으로 분해(分解)한 아미노산(酸)간장 제조중(製造中) 질소이용률(窒素利用率), 단백분해율(蛋白分解率) 및 유리당(遊離糖)의 동향(動向) 등(等)을 검토(檢討)해 본 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 탈지대두(脫脂大豆) 3배량(倍量)의 6%염산(鹽酸)으로 $85^{\circ}C$에서 가수분해시(加水分解時) 65시간후(時間後) 질소이용률(窒素利用率)은 74.51%, 단백분해율(蛋白分解率)은 56.49%이고 유리당(遊離糖) glucose, galactose, arabinose, fructose, xylose 등(等)이 검색(檢索)되었다. $95^{\circ}C$에서 가수분해시(加水分解時) 50시간후(時間後) 질소이용률(窒素利用率)은 77.72%, 단백분해율(蛋白分解率) 64.04%이고 유리당(遊離糖)은 분해(分解) 5시간후(時間後)에는 상기(上記) 5 종(種) 유리당(遊離糖)이 동정(同定)되었으나 80시간후(時間後)에는 glucose만 검색(檢索)되었다. 탈지대두(脫脂大豆) 3배량(倍量)의 12% 염산(鹽酸)으로 $95^{\circ}C$에서 가수분해시(加水分解時) 50시간후(時間後) 질소이용률(窒素利用率)은 88.41%, 단백분해율(蛋白分解率) 69.47%이고 유리당(遊離糖)은 $20{\sim}35$시간후(時間後) 거의 전량(全量) 소실(消失)되었다. 가수분해중(加水分解中) galactose가 glucose에 비해 소실속도(消失速度)가 빨랐다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2022

Metal halide perovskites are promising photovoltaic materials, but they still have some issues that need to be solved. Hysteresis is a phenomenon that strongly is correlated with ion migration; thus, a fast, easy, and low-temperature method for measuring ion migration is required. Through selective blocking, ion migration can be measured separately, apart from electron migration. In this study, ion migration in metal halide perovskites was measured using a vertical device. At different temperatures, ionic activation energies were obtained for a range of perovskite compositions such as MAPbI₃, FAPbI₃, CsPbI₃, and MAPbBr₃. By comparing the measured ionic activation energies with the theoretical values, we conclude that among other possibilities, I^- is the migrating ion in MAPbI₃, FAPbI₃, CsPbI₃, and Br- is the migrating in MAPbBr₃.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2020

Purpose: Based on the author's adapted invariant choice, this study is to present the methodology and the calculation of the integral index of the digital component of the quality of life. By analyzing the digital indexes, the study is also to discuss distribution of ICT and the digital quality of life of the population of Kazakhstan and its regions. Research design, data, methodology: In this research, the method of calculation of integral assessment of the indicator was used, which indicates index constructs. The study analyzed objective secondary data for the period 2017-2019, which was the database from official websites of the Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Results: The study produced an integral code for assessing digital components of living standards of the population, consisting of five groups sub-indexes. Conclusions: Based on the provided analyses, we can confirm the existence of a significant difference of all the indicators of digital living standards of the population between the two leading cities: Almaty city and Nur-Sultan city. Furthermore we can deduce the differences of the examined indexes for other regions of Kazakhstan. Despite the rapid adoption of digital technologies, Kazakhstan still has significant digital gaps among cities indicating regional differences in the speed of implementation and distribution of digital technologies.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2024

Yield monitoring systems have become integral to precision agriculture, providing insights into the spatial variability of crop yield and playing an important role in modern harvesting technology. This paper aims to review current research trends in yield monitoring systems, specifically designed for non-grain crops, including cabbages, radishes, potatoes, and tomatoes. A systematic literature survey was conducted to evaluate the performance of various monitoring methods for non-grain crop yields. This study also assesses both mass- and volume-based yield monitoring systems to provide precise evaluations of agricultural productivity. Integrating load cell technology enables precise mass flow rate measurements and cumulative weighing, offering an accurate representation of crop yields, and the incorporation of image-based analysis enhances the overall system accuracy by facilitating volumetric flow rate calculations and refined volume estimations. Mass flow methods, including weighing, force impact, and radiometric approaches, have demonstrated impressive results, with some measurement error levels below 5%. Volume flow methods, including paddle wheel and optical methodologies, yielded error levels below 3%. Signal processing and correction measures also play a crucial role in achieving accurate yield estimations. Moreover, the selection of sensing approach, sensor layout, and mounting significantly influence the performance of monitoring systems for specific crops.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2018

Purpose: The development of compact tractors that can be used in dry fields, greenhouses, and orchards for pest control, weeding, transportation, and harvesting is necessary. The development and performance evaluation of power transmission units are very important when it comes to tractor development. This study evaluates the performance of a driving power transmission unit of a 50 kW multi-purpose narrow tractor. Methods: The performance of the transmission and forward-reverse clutch, which are the main components of the driving power transmission unit of multi-purpose narrow tractors, was evaluated herein. The transmission performance was evaluated in terms of power transmission efficiency, noise, and axle load, while the forward-reverse clutch performance was evaluated in terms of durability. The transmission's power transmission efficiency accounts for the measurement of transmission losses, which occur in the transmission's gear, bearing, and oil seal. The motor's power was input in the transmission's input shaft. The rotational speed and torque were measured in the final output shaft. The noise was measured at each speed level after installing a microphone on the left, right, and upper sides. The axle load test was performed through a continuous equilibrium load test, in which a constant load was continuously applied. The forward-reverse clutch performance was calculated using the engine torque to axle torque ratio with the assembled engine and transmission. Results: The loss of power in the transmission efficiency test of the driving power unit was 6.0-9.7 kW based on all gear steps. This loss of horsepower was equal to 11-18% of the input power (52 kW). The transmission efficiency of the driving power unit was 81.5-89.0%. The noise of the driving power unit was 50-57 dB at 800 rpm, 70-77 dB at 1600 rpm, and 76-83 dB at 2400 rpm. The axle load test verified that the input torque and axle revolutions were constant. The results of the forward-reverse clutch performance test revealed that hydraulic pressure and torque changes were stably maintained when moving forward or backward, and its operation met the hydraulic design standards. Conclusions: When comprehensively examined, these research results were similar to the main driving power transmission systems from USA and Japan in terms of performance. Based on these results, tractor prototypes are expected to be created and supplied to farmhouses after going through sufficient in-situ adaptability tests.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권13호
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• pp.5171-5174
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• 2014

Background: The increase in breast cancer awareness and widespread use of mammographic screening has led to an increased detection of (non-palpable) breast cancers that cannot be discovered through physical examination. One of the methods used in the diagnosis of these cancers is vacuum-assisted core biopsy, which prevents a considerable number of patients from undergoing surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to present the results of stereotactic vacuum-assisted core biopsy for suspicious breast lesions. Materials and Methods: Files were retrospectively scanned and data on demographic, radiological and pathological findings were recorded for patients who underwent stereotactic vacuum-assisted core biopsy due to suspicious mammographic findings at the Interventional Radiology Centre of the Florence Nightingale Hospital between January 2010, and April 2013. Statistical analysis was carried out using Pearson's Chi-square, continuity correction, and Fisher's exact tests. Results: The mean age of the patients was 47 years (range: 36-70). Biopsies were performed due to BIRADS 3 lesions in 8 patients, BIRADS 4 lesions in 77 patients, and BIRADS 5 lesions in 3 patients. Mammography elucidated clusters of microcalcifications in 73 patients (83%) and focal lesions (asymmetrical density, distortion) in 15 patients (17%). In terms of complications, 1 patient had a hematoma, and 2 patients had ecchymoses (3/88; 3.3%). The histopathologic results revealed benign lesions in 63 patients (71.6%) and malignant lesions in 25 patients (28.4%). The mean duration of the procedure was 37 minutes (range: 18-55). Although all of the BIRADS 3 lesions were benign, 22 (28.6%) of the BIRADS 4 lesions and all of the BIRADS 5 lesions were malignant. Among the malignant cases, 80% were in situ, and 20% were invasive carcinomas. These patients underwent surgery. Conclusions: In cases where non-palpable breast lesions are considered to be suspicious in mammography scans, the vacuum-assisted core biopsy method provides an accurate histopathologic diagnosis thus preventing a significant number of patients undergoing unnecessary surgical procedures.

• 윤리연구
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• 제77호
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• pp.191-215
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• 2010

이 논문은 집의 본래적인 의미를 하이데거, 바쉴라르, 볼노프를 중심으로 분석하고자 한다. 하이데거는 거주함을 인간의 본질로 보면서 사물들 곁에서 사물들의 본래적인 의미를 보호하고 배려하는 의미로서의 집을, 바쉴라르는 인간이 집으로 부터 받는 보호의 기능에 초점을 맞추어 행복한 공간으로서의 집을, 볼노프는 인간 자신과 세계의 중심점으로서의 집의 의미를 제시하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 하이데거는 현대인들은 거주에 있어서 본래적인 곤경에 처해있으며, 본래적인 거주 공간으로서의 상실, 즉 고향의 상실을 주장한다. 이러한 공간의 위기를 극복하기 위해서 우리는 거주함에 대해 배워야 하고 집의 경제적 의미보다는 본래적인 거주 공간으로서의 집의 의미를 숙고하고, 자신의 거주 공간에 대한 책임을 져야한다. 바쉴라르는 행복한 공간으로서의 집이 세계에 대한 근본적인 신뢰를 전제로 하고 있으며, 집과 세계의 변증법적 관계를 통해 집에 대한 이해를 제공한다. 볼노프는 인간은 오직 '거주함'을 통해서만 비로소 진정한 인간일 수 있음을 강조하면서, 공간의 인간화를 주장하고, 여기서 더 나아가 인간이 자신의 공간을 자신만의 고유한 방법으로 형성해야 할 공간적 책임을 주장한다. 현대사회에서 우리에게 집은 경제적인 가치의 척도로만 이해되고 고려되어 왔다. 거주함의 본래적 의미보다는 자본화되어버린 집의 의미가 중시되고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 진단은 현대 한국사회를 살아가는 사람들이 대부분 인정할 수밖에 없을 것이다. 그러나 이제는 집에 대한 경제적인 효율성의 측면에 대한 부분보다는 본래적인 의미를 파악해야 한다. 즉 집을 읽어야 하고, 집의 본래적 의미를 되새겨 보아야 한다.