• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.442-446
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• 1985

The changes of nitrogen utilization ratio (NUR), Protein solution ratio (PSR) and free sugar contents during the amino acid soysauce manufacturing process by a low hydrochloric acid, temperature were investigated. On hydrolysis by 6%-HCI (3 liquor rate of defatted soybean weight, 3LR) at $85^{\circ}C$, NUR and PSR were 74.51%, 56.49% at 65 hours. At the same time free sugars were detected glucose, galactose, arabinose, fructose, xylose. on hydrolysis at $95^{\circ}C$, NUR and PSR were 77.72%, 64.04% at 50 hours, and 5 free sugars of the above statement were detected at 5 hours. Remarkable decreases in the levels of free sugars, only glucose were observed after 80 hours of the hydrolysis. On hydrolysis by 12%-HCI(3LR) at $95^{\circ}C$, NUR and IRA were 88.41%, 69.47% at 50 hours, free sugar were nearly disappeared after 20-35hours. On hydrolysis, galactose's disappearence rate was faster than glucose's.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2022

Metal halide perovskites are promising photovoltaic materials, but they still have some issues that need to be solved. Hysteresis is a phenomenon that strongly is correlated with ion migration; thus, a fast, easy, and low-temperature method for measuring ion migration is required. Through selective blocking, ion migration can be measured separately, apart from electron migration. In this study, ion migration in metal halide perovskites was measured using a vertical device. At different temperatures, ionic activation energies were obtained for a range of perovskite compositions such as MAPbI₃, FAPbI₃, CsPbI₃, and MAPbBr₃. By comparing the measured ionic activation energies with the theoretical values, we conclude that among other possibilities, I^- is the migrating ion in MAPbI₃, FAPbI₃, CsPbI₃, and Br- is the migrating in MAPbBr₃.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.67-77
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• 2020

Purpose: Based on the author's adapted invariant choice, this study is to present the methodology and the calculation of the integral index of the digital component of the quality of life. By analyzing the digital indexes, the study is also to discuss distribution of ICT and the digital quality of life of the population of Kazakhstan and its regions. Research design, data, methodology: In this research, the method of calculation of integral assessment of the indicator was used, which indicates index constructs. The study analyzed objective secondary data for the period 2017-2019, which was the database from official websites of the Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Results: The study produced an integral code for assessing digital components of living standards of the population, consisting of five groups sub-indexes. Conclusions: Based on the provided analyses, we can confirm the existence of a significant difference of all the indicators of digital living standards of the population between the two leading cities: Almaty city and Nur-Sultan city. Furthermore we can deduce the differences of the examined indexes for other regions of Kazakhstan. Despite the rapid adoption of digital technologies, Kazakhstan still has significant digital gaps among cities indicating regional differences in the speed of implementation and distribution of digital technologies.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2024

Yield monitoring systems have become integral to precision agriculture, providing insights into the spatial variability of crop yield and playing an important role in modern harvesting technology. This paper aims to review current research trends in yield monitoring systems, specifically designed for non-grain crops, including cabbages, radishes, potatoes, and tomatoes. A systematic literature survey was conducted to evaluate the performance of various monitoring methods for non-grain crop yields. This study also assesses both mass- and volume-based yield monitoring systems to provide precise evaluations of agricultural productivity. Integrating load cell technology enables precise mass flow rate measurements and cumulative weighing, offering an accurate representation of crop yields, and the incorporation of image-based analysis enhances the overall system accuracy by facilitating volumetric flow rate calculations and refined volume estimations. Mass flow methods, including weighing, force impact, and radiometric approaches, have demonstrated impressive results, with some measurement error levels below 5%. Volume flow methods, including paddle wheel and optical methodologies, yielded error levels below 3%. Signal processing and correction measures also play a crucial role in achieving accurate yield estimations. Moreover, the selection of sensing approach, sensor layout, and mounting significantly influence the performance of monitoring systems for specific crops.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2018

Purpose: The development of compact tractors that can be used in dry fields, greenhouses, and orchards for pest control, weeding, transportation, and harvesting is necessary. The development and performance evaluation of power transmission units are very important when it comes to tractor development. This study evaluates the performance of a driving power transmission unit of a 50 kW multi-purpose narrow tractor. Methods: The performance of the transmission and forward-reverse clutch, which are the main components of the driving power transmission unit of multi-purpose narrow tractors, was evaluated herein. The transmission performance was evaluated in terms of power transmission efficiency, noise, and axle load, while the forward-reverse clutch performance was evaluated in terms of durability. The transmission's power transmission efficiency accounts for the measurement of transmission losses, which occur in the transmission's gear, bearing, and oil seal. The motor's power was input in the transmission's input shaft. The rotational speed and torque were measured in the final output shaft. The noise was measured at each speed level after installing a microphone on the left, right, and upper sides. The axle load test was performed through a continuous equilibrium load test, in which a constant load was continuously applied. The forward-reverse clutch performance was calculated using the engine torque to axle torque ratio with the assembled engine and transmission. Results: The loss of power in the transmission efficiency test of the driving power unit was 6.0-9.7 kW based on all gear steps. This loss of horsepower was equal to 11-18% of the input power (52 kW). The transmission efficiency of the driving power unit was 81.5-89.0%. The noise of the driving power unit was 50-57 dB at 800 rpm, 70-77 dB at 1600 rpm, and 76-83 dB at 2400 rpm. The axle load test verified that the input torque and axle revolutions were constant. The results of the forward-reverse clutch performance test revealed that hydraulic pressure and torque changes were stably maintained when moving forward or backward, and its operation met the hydraulic design standards. Conclusions: When comprehensively examined, these research results were similar to the main driving power transmission systems from USA and Japan in terms of performance. Based on these results, tractor prototypes are expected to be created and supplied to farmhouses after going through sufficient in-situ adaptability tests.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5171-5174
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• 2014

Background: The increase in breast cancer awareness and widespread use of mammographic screening has led to an increased detection of (non-palpable) breast cancers that cannot be discovered through physical examination. One of the methods used in the diagnosis of these cancers is vacuum-assisted core biopsy, which prevents a considerable number of patients from undergoing surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to present the results of stereotactic vacuum-assisted core biopsy for suspicious breast lesions. Materials and Methods: Files were retrospectively scanned and data on demographic, radiological and pathological findings were recorded for patients who underwent stereotactic vacuum-assisted core biopsy due to suspicious mammographic findings at the Interventional Radiology Centre of the Florence Nightingale Hospital between January 2010, and April 2013. Statistical analysis was carried out using Pearson's Chi-square, continuity correction, and Fisher's exact tests. Results: The mean age of the patients was 47 years (range: 36-70). Biopsies were performed due to BIRADS 3 lesions in 8 patients, BIRADS 4 lesions in 77 patients, and BIRADS 5 lesions in 3 patients. Mammography elucidated clusters of microcalcifications in 73 patients (83%) and focal lesions (asymmetrical density, distortion) in 15 patients (17%). In terms of complications, 1 patient had a hematoma, and 2 patients had ecchymoses (3/88; 3.3%). The histopathologic results revealed benign lesions in 63 patients (71.6%) and malignant lesions in 25 patients (28.4%). The mean duration of the procedure was 37 minutes (range: 18-55). Although all of the BIRADS 3 lesions were benign, 22 (28.6%) of the BIRADS 4 lesions and all of the BIRADS 5 lesions were malignant. Among the malignant cases, 80% were in situ, and 20% were invasive carcinomas. These patients underwent surgery. Conclusions: In cases where non-palpable breast lesions are considered to be suspicious in mammography scans, the vacuum-assisted core biopsy method provides an accurate histopathologic diagnosis thus preventing a significant number of patients undergoing unnecessary surgical procedures.

• Journal of Ethics
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• no.77
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• pp.191-215
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• 2010

In dieser vorliegenden Arbeit wird die eigentliche Bedeutung des Hauses in bezug auf M. Heidegger, G. Bachelard und O. F. Bollnow analysiert. Bei Heidegger ist das Wohnen ein Wesensmerkmal des Menschen und das Haus ein Raum des Wohnens als das Pflegen und Schonen. Insbesondre Bachelard hat die schuetzend Funktion des Hauses und das Haus als das Glueck des Wohnens behauptet. Fuer Bollnow bedeutet das Haus eine Mitte des menschlichen Lebens und der Welt. Heidegger behauptet, dass wir so in der eigentlichen Not des Wohnens, d.h. in der Heimatlosigkieit sind. Wir muessen nach die Bedeutung des Hauses nicht als einen wirtschaftlichen Wert sondern als den eigentlichen Wohnraum denken und das Wohnen lernen. Bachelard weist darauf hin, dass das Haus als ein gluekliche Raum ein wesentliches Trauen voraussetzt. Und er versteht das Haus mit dem dialektischen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Haus und der Welt. Bollnow versucht ueber dem Raum in anthropologische Hinsicht zu betrachten. Er behauptet, dass der Mensch seine wesentlichen Bedeutung durch das Wohnen hat. Durch die Vermenschlichung des Raumes muss der Mensch die Verantwortlichkeit ueber den Raum uebernehmen. In der heutigen Gesellschaft bemessen das Haus sich nur mit einem wirtschaftlichen Wert. Wir muessen das Haus lesen, und die eigentliche Bedeutung des Hauses.