• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1227-1229
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• 2003

Kojima Lake in Okayama prefecture is a freshing reservoir constructed adjacent to the oldest reclaimed land in Japan. This lake has a serious water quality problem because two urban rivers are flowing into it. In the present study, unsupervised classification was performed at intervals of several years using Landsat MSS data in the past 15 years. After geometric correction of these data, MSS data corresponding geographically to the field observation data were extracted and subjected to the multivariate analysis. Water quality distribution in the lake was estimated using the regression equation obtained as a result. In addition, two - dimensional and three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed and compared with the distribution obtained from the satellite images. Behavior of the reservoir flows is complicated and water quality distribution varies greatly with the flows. Here, I report the results of analysis on three factors, field observation, numerical simulation and satellite images.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.136-146
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• 2021

This paper aims to numerically estimate the dynamic ice load on a conical structure. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is employed to model the level ice as the assembly of numerous spherical particles. To mimic the realistic fracture mechanism of ice, the parallel bonding method is introduced. Cases with four different ice drifting velocities are considered in time domain. For validation, the statistics of time-varying ice forces and their frequencies obtained by numerical simulations are extensively compared against the physical model-test results. Ice properties are directly adopted from the targeted experimental test set up. The additional parameters for DEM simulations are systematically determined by a numerical three-point bending test. The findings reveal that the numerical simulation estimates the dynamic ice force in a reasonably acceptable range and its results agree well with experimental data.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.599-617
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• 2022

In the present research, for the first time, the vibrational as well as buckling characteristics of a three-layered curved nanobeam including a core made of functionally graded (FG) material and two layers of smart material-piezo-magneto-electric-resting on a Winkler Pasternak elastic foundation are examined. The displacement field for the nanobeam is chosen via Timoshenko beam theory. Also, the size dependency is taken into account by using nonlocal strain gradient theory, aka NSGT. Then, by employing Hamilton's principle, energy procedure, the governing equations together with the boundary conditions are achieved. The solution procedure is a numerical solution called generalized differential quadrature method, or GDQM. The accuracy and reliability of the formulation alongside solution method is examined by using other published articles. Lastly, the parameter which can alter and affect the buckling or vocational behavior of the curved nanobeam is investigated in details.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.491-497
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• 2008

수치실험을 통해 파랑과 흐름의 상호작용이 파랑전파방향과 반대방향으로 유출되는 유사제트류에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 파랑모형인 REF/DIF S와 흐름모형인 SHORECIRC의 결합모형을 이용하여 수치모의를 수행하였다. 유사제트류의 영향으로 굴절된 파랑은 흐름의 중심영역을 따라 집중화되고 높은 파고를 갖는 파랑에서 유사제트류가 더 일찍 퍼지는 현상이 나타났다. 수치결과로부터 유출구 부근에서 유사제트류 진행의 횡방향으로 급격한 파고변화가 유사제트류를 진행방향 좌우로 퍼지게 하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 흐름의 횡방향으로 작용하는 파잉여응력 기울기항이 흐름의 진행방향으로 작용하여 흐름을 강화시키는 파잉여응력 기울기항보다 유사제트류에 더 큰 영향을 미치게 된다. 결론적으로 하구에서처럼 흐름과 반대방향으로 입사하는 파랑이 있는 곳에서는 파랑과 흐름사이의 상호영향이 반드시 고려되어야 한다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제48권11호
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• pp.957-967
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• 2015

측면 위어의 수위-유량 관계가 알려지지 않더라도, 저류지에 의한 홍수 조절 효과를 평가할 수 있는 2차원 수치모의에 대해 검토하였다. 수치해법으로서 천수방정식에 대해 유한체적법을 적용하고, 흐름률의 정확한 계산을 위해 근사 Riemann 해법을 도입하여 수심적분 2차원 수치모형을 구성하였다. 모의 결과를 수로와 저류지에서 자유월류와 잠긴 흐름이 발생되는 실험실 실험의 결과와 비교하였다. 자유 월류 상태에서 예측된 측면 위어의 유량 계수와 실험에 의한 그것 사이의 차이는 매우 작았다. 또한, 잠긴 흐름에 대한 모의 결과도 측정 결과와 잘 일치하였으며, 그 기구가 잘 재현되었다. 이 연구를 통해 2차원 수치모형으로 측면 위어에 대한 유량 계수를 정확하게 결정할 수 있으며, 저류지에 대한 홍수 방어능력의 검토 또한 상당한 수준의 정확도로 이루어질 수 있음이 확인되었다. 따라서 저류지의 계획, 설계안의 검토, 관리를 위한 기존 저류지의 평가 등에 이 모형의 실용적인 적용이 기대된다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.400-410
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• 2019

In this study, the numerical code for the 3D nonlinear dynamic analysis of an SLWR (Steel Lazy Wave Riser) was developed using the lumped mass line model in a FORTRAN environment. Because the lumped mass line model is an explicit method, there is no matrix operation. Thus, the numerical algorithm is simple and fast. In the lumped mass line model, the equations of motion for the riser were derived by applying the various forces acting on each node of the line. The applied forces at the node of the riser consisted of the tension, shear force due to the bending moment, gravitational force, buoyancy force, riser/ground contact force, and hydrodynamic force based on the Morison equation. Time integration was carried out using a Runge-Kutta fourth-order method, which is known to be stable and accurate. To validate the accuracy of the developed numerical code, simulations using the commercial software OrcaFlex were carried out simultaneously and compared with the results of the developed numerical code. To understand the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of an SLWR, dynamic simulations of SLWRs excited at the hang-off point and of SLWRs in regular waves were carried out. From the results of these dynamic simulations, the displacements at the maximum bending moments at important points of the design, like the hang-off point, sagging point, hogging points, and touch-down point, were observed and analyzed.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.189-206
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• 2020

The accurate modeling of boundary conditions is important in simulations of the discrete element method (DEM) and can affect the numerical results significantly. In conventional triaxial compression (CTC) tests, the specimens are wrapped by flexible membranes allowing to deform freely. To accurately model the boundary conditions of CTC, new flexible boundary algorithms for 2D and 3D DEM simulations are proposed. The new algorithms are computationally efficient and easy to implement. Moreover, both horizontal and vertical component of confining pressure are considered in the 2D and 3D algorithms, which can ensure that the directions of confining pressure are always perpendicular to the specimen surfaces. Furthermore, the boundaries are continuous and closed in the new algorithms, which can prevent the escape of particles from the specimens. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is validated by biaxial and triaxial simulations of granular materials. The results show that the algorithms allow the boundaries to deform non-uniformly on the premise of maintaining high control accuracy of confining pressure. Meanwhile, the influences of different lateral boundary conditions on the numerical results are discussed. It is indicated that the flexible boundary is more appropriate for the models with large strain or significant localization than rigid boundary.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.938-948
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• 2009

In this paper, permanent magnets were used to remove magnetic sludge in the condenser of the power plant. To obtain the flow characteristics and magnetic information that are needed for determining a proper design of the magnetics sludge removal apparatus, numerical simulations were performed through the use of two commercial codes, ANSYS Workbench-Emag and CFX. Experiments were also performed on various kinds and sizes of magnets to obtain the magnetic information through a gauss meter. By analyzing the results of simulations and experiments, the minimum magnetic force that is able to remove the any size of the magnetic sludge in the condenser was calculated, and the design of the removal apparatus was confirmed. The test model which was confirmed by simulations and experiments was made. After testing, the test results were compared with those of numerical simulations and have good agreements.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2013

In this paper, numerical simulations of both low- and high-frequency buzz phenomena at the throttle ratios (T.R.) in Nagashima's experiment are performed. The dominant frequencies of the low-and high-frequency buzz in the experiment are about 109 Hz with T.R.=0.97 and 376 Hz with T.R.=0.55, respectively. An axisymmetric solver with the S-A turbulence model is used for the simulations, and DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform) on pressure histories is conducted for the buzz frequency analysis. In the present simulations, the free-stream Mach number and the Reynolds number based on the inlet diameter are 2 and $10^7$, respectively. Both the low- and high-frequency buzz phenomena are accomplished without the changes in the grid topology. The dominant frequency of the simulation is about 125 Hz with T.R.=0.97, while it is 399 Hz with T.R.=0.55.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.693-700
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• 2017

Concrete cover cracking due to the corrosion of steel reinforcing bars is one of the main causes of deterioration in Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures. The oxidation level of the bars causes varying levels of expansion. The rebar expansions could lead to through-thickness cracking of the concrete cover, where depending on the cracking characteristics, the service life of the structures would be affected. In this paper, the effect of geometrical and material parameters, i.e., concrete cover thickness, reinforcing bar diameter, and concrete tensile strength, on the required pressure for concrete cover cracking due to corrosion has been investigated through detailed numerical simulations. ABAQUS finite element software is employed as a modeling platform where the concrete cracking is simulated by means of eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM). The accuracy of the numerical simulations is verified by comparing the numerical results with experimental data obtained from the literature. Using a previously proposed empirical equation and the numerical model, the time from corrosion initiation to the cover cracking is predicted and then compared to the respective experimental data. Finally, a parametric study is undertaken to determine the optimum ratio of the rebar diameter to the reinforcing bars spacing in order to avoid concrete cover delamination.