• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
• /
• v.4 no.12
• /
• pp.399-408
• /
• 2015

In the direct Gun Fire Control System(GFCS), it is essential to analyze the impact of the specific error components on the hit probability to optimize the system design. For this purpose the sensitivity equations of these error components are conveniently used, but it is too difficult to get those equations for the complex system with too many system elements. Normally sensitivity analysis is performed using numerical and statistical methods for the ground combat system. This method requires much computation, and makes us difficult to estimate the sensitivity change of specific error component intuitionally for the changing operating conditions. In this paper we propose a set of sensitivity equations deriving from closed form solution of the ballistic differential equation for the bullet. They are handy equations with very little computations, easy to understand the physical meaning of the related system variables. Some simulation results are shown to demonstrate usefulness of our algorithm for the 30mm projectile.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.285-293
• /
• 2020

This study evaluated the Hook-up installation of an offshore site construction process, which is the final step in an offshore site installation process. During Hook-up installation, the offshore structure can have a detrimental effect on the work stability due to low-frequency motion. Moreover, economic costs can be incurred by the increase in available days of a tugboat. Therefore, this study developed a numerical analysis program to assess the dynamic behavior of mooring systems during hook-up installation to analyze the generally performed installation process and determine when the tugboat should be released. In this program, the behavior of an offshore structure was calculated using Cummin's time-domain motion equation, and the mooring system was calculated by Lumped mass method (LMM). In addition, a tugboat algorithm for hook-up installation was developed to apply the Hook-up procedure. The model used in the calculations was the barge type assuming FPSO (Floating production storage and off-loading) and has a taut mooring system connected to 16 mooring lines. The results of the simulation were verified by comparing with both MOSES, which is a commercial program, and a calculation method for restoring coefficient matrix, which was introduced by Patel and Lynch (1982). Finally, the offset of the structure according to the number of tugboats was calculated using the hook-up simulation, and the significant value was used to represent the calculation result.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.377-386
• /
• 2017

Earthquake-induced pounding damages to building structures were repeatedly observed in many previous major earthquakes. Extensive researches have been carried out in this field. Previous studies mainly focused on the regular shaped buildings and each building was normally simplified as a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system or a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) system by assuming the masses of the building lumped at the floor levels. The researches on the pounding responses between irregular asymmetric buildings are rare. For the asymmetric buildings subjected to earthquake loading, torsional vibration modes of the structures are excited, which in turn may significantly change the structural responses. Moreover, contact element was normally used to consider the pounding phenomenon in previous studies, which may result in inaccurate estimations of the structural responses since this method is based on the point-to-point pounding assumption with the predetermined pounding locations. In reality, poundings may take place between any locations. In other words, the pounding locations cannot be predefined. To more realistically consider the arbitrary poundings between asymmetric structures, detailed three-dimensional (3D) finite element models (FEM) and arbitrary pounding algorithm are necessary. This paper carries out numerical simulations on the pounding responses between a symmetric rectangular-shaped building and an asymmetric L-shaped building by using the explicit finite element code LS-DYNA. The detailed 3D FEMs are developed and arbitrary 3D pounding locations between these two buildings under bi-directional earthquake ground motions are investigated. Special attention is paid to the relative locations of two adjacent buildings. The influences of the left-and-right, fore-and-aft relative locations and separation gap between the two buildings on the pounding responses are systematically investigated.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.357-369
• /
• 2020

Different from the conventional planar fracture and simplified Newton model, for power-law slurries with a lower water-cement ratio commonly used in grouting engineering, flow model in geological rough fractures is built based on ten standard profiles from Barton (1977) in this study. The numerical algorithm is validated by experimental results. The flow mechanism, grout superiority, and water plugging of pseudo plastic slurry are revealed. The representations of hydraulic grouting properties for JRCs are obtained. The results show that effective plugging is based on the mechanical mechanisms of the fluctuant structural surface and higher viscosity at the middle of the fissure. The formulas of grouting parameters are always variable with the roughness and shear movement, which play a key role in grouting. The roughness can only be neglected after reaching a threshold. Grouting pressure increases with increasing roughness and has variable responses for different apertures within standard profiles. The whole process can be divided into three stationary zones and three transition zones, and there is a mutation region (10 < JRCs < 14) in smaller geological fractures. The fitting equations of different JRCs are obtained of power-law models satisfying the condition of -2 < coefficient < 0. The effects of small apertures and moderate to larger roughness (JRCs > 10.8) on the permeability of surfaces cannot be underestimated. The determination of grouting parameters depends on the slurry groutability in terms of its weakest link with discontinuous streamlines. For grouting water plugging, the water-cement ratio, grouting pressure and grouting additives should be determined by combining the flow conditions and the apparent widths of the main fracture and rough surface. This study provides a calculation method of grouting parameters for variable cement-based slurries. And the findings can help for better understanding of fluid flow and diffusion in geological fractures.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.889-896
• /
• 2007

Advances in wireless networking, micro-fabrication and integration, and embedded microprocessors have enabled a new generation of massive-scale sensor networks. Because each sensor node is limited in size and capacity, it is very important to design a new simple and energy efficient protocol. Among conventional sensor networks' routing protocols, the directed diffusion scheme is widely blown because of its simplicity. This scheme, however, has a defect in that sending interest and exploratory data messages while setting connection paths consumes much energy because of its flooding scheme. Therefore, this paper proposes a new sensor network routing protocol, called sequenced directed diffusion with a threshold control, which compromises the conventional directed diffusion scheme's defect and offers an energy efficient routing idea. With a computer simulation, its performance is evaluated and compared to the conventional directed diffusion scheme. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme offers energy efficiency while routing packets, and resolves ill-balanced energy consumption among sensor nodes.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.12
• /
• pp.2311-2318
• /
• 2007

Finite failure NHPP models presented in the literature exhibit either constant, monotonic increasing or monotonic decreasing failure occurrence rates per fault. Accurate predictions of software release times, and estimation of the reliability and availability of a software product require Release times of a critical element of the software testing process : test coverage. This model called Enhanced non-homogeneous Poission process(ENHPP). In this paper, exponential coverage and S-shaped model was reviewed, proposes the Kappa coverage model, which make out efficiency application for software reliability. Algorithm to estimate the parameters used to maximum likelihood estimator and bisection method, model selection based on SSE statistics and Kolmogorov distance, for the sake of efficient model, was employed. Numerical examples using real data set for the sake of proposing Kappa coverage model was employed. This analysis of failure data compared with the Kappaa coverage model and the existing model(using arithmetic and Laplace trend tests, bias tests) is presented.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.11
• /
• pp.2143-2149
• /
• 2007

Visual Cortex Stimulator is among artificial retina prosthesis for blind man, is the method that stimulate the brain cell directly without processing the information from retina to visual cortex. In this paper, we propose image construction and recognition model that is similar to human visual processing by recognizing the feature data with orientation information, that is, the characteristics of visual cortex. Back propagation algorithm based on Delta-bar delta is used to recognize after extracting image feature by Kirsh edge detector. Various numerical patterns are used to analyze the performance of proposed method. In experiment, the proposed recognition model to extract image characteristics with the orientation of information from retinal cells to visual cortex makes a little difference in a recognition rate but shows that it is not sensitive in a variety of learning rates similar to human vision system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2019.05a
• /
• pp.281-281
• /
• 2019

수리모형실험은 수로 내에서 장시간 파랑을 발생시킬 경우, 수로 내에 반사 파랑의 성분이 누적될 수 있어 상당한 계측 오차를 발생시킬 우려가 있어 수리모형실험 결과의 검증이 필요하다. 일반적으로 수리모형실험 결과의 검증을 위해서는 동일 실험을 무수히 반복하여 불확실성을 제거하거나 다양한 수리실험실에서 수리모형실험을 수행하고 결과를 분석하여 불확실성을 제거할 수 있다. 그러나 이는 엄청난 시간과 노력은 물론 막대한 실험비용이 소요되기 때문에 경제적으로 효용성이 매우 낮아 현실적으로 수행이 어렵다. 이에 비해 수치모형실험은 상대적으로 저렴한 비용으로 수행할 수 있으며, 다수의 실험을 수행하지 않아도 불확실성을 제거할 수 있어 수리모형실험의 검증에 효율적이다. 일반적으로 난류 거동을 동반하는 복잡한 구조물 주변의 흐름 해석에는 3차원 CFD 모형이 필요하다. 특히, 병렬연산이 가능한 CFD 모형을 활용하면 수리모형실험에서도 재현이 쉽지 않은 다양한 조건에 따른 복잡한 흐름을 해석할 수 있어 효용성이 점점 증가하고 있다. 그러나 복잡한 구조물이 존재하게 되면 구조물에 재현에 막대한 격자구조가 필요하여 현실적으로 적용이 쉽지 않다. 이에 대한 대안으로 복잡한 구조물을 비교적 큰 격자에서 재현할 수 있는 가상경계법을 활용하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 가상경계법은 Navier-Stokes 방정식에서 유체 내에 존재하는 고체를 모멘텀 이론으로 대체하여 고려하는 기법으로 수치모델링 수행 시 매질을 유체만으로 구성할 수 있어 안정적으로 적용할 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 과업에서는 다양한 분야에서 널리 활용되고 있는 3차원 CFD 모형인 OpenFOAM®기반으로 파랑해석에 필요한 경계조건을 계산할 수 있는 olaFlow를 활용하여 복잡한 구조물을 지나는 파랑해석을 수행하기 위해 가상경계법을 olaFlow에 도입한 수치 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 개발한 수치알고리즘을 활용하여 복잡한 구조를 수치모델에서 재현하였으며, 수치모델에 적용된 수치 알고리즘의 안정성에 대해 고찰하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.257-280
• /
• 2014

In this paper, a novel PARAllel FACtor (PARAFAC) decomposition based Blind Source Separation (BSS) algorithm is proposed for modal identification of structures equipped with tuned mass dampers. Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are extremely effective vibration absorbers in tall flexible structures, but prone to get de-tuned due to accidental changes in structural properties, alteration in operating conditions, and incorrect design forecasts. Presence of closely spaced modes in structures coupled with TMDs renders output-only modal identification difficult. Over the last decade, second-order BSS algorithms have shown significant promise in the area of ambient modal identification. These methods employ joint diagonalization of covariance matrices of measurements to estimate the mixing matrix (mode shape coefficients) and sources (modal responses). Recently, PARAFAC BSS model has evolved as a powerful multi-linear algebra tool for decomposing an $n^{th}$ order tensor into a number of rank-1 tensors. This method is utilized in the context of modal identification in the present study. Covariance matrices of measurements at several lags are used to form a $3^{rd}$ order tensor and then PARAFAC decomposition is employed to obtain the desired number of components, comprising of modal responses and the mixing matrix. The strong uniqueness properties of PARAFAC models enable direct source separation with fine spectral resolution even in cases where the number of sensor observations is less compared to the number of target modes, i.e., the underdetermined case. This capability is exploited to separate closely spaced modes of the TMDs using partial measurements, and subsequently to estimate modal parameters. The proposed method is validated using extensive numerical studies comprising of multi-degree-of-freedom simulation models equipped with TMDs, as well as with an experimental set-up.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2017

For structural damage detection of shear buildings, this paper proposes a new concept using structural element mass-stiffness vector (SEMV) based on special mass and stiffness distribution characteristics. A corresponding damage identification method is developed combining the SEMV with the cross-model cross-mode (CMCM) model updating algorithm. For a shear building, a model is assumed at the beginning based on the building's distribution characteristics. The model is updated into two models corresponding to the healthy and damaged conditions, respectively, using the CMCM method according to the modal parameters of actual structure identified from the measured acceleration signals. Subsequently, the structural SEMV for each condition can be calculated from the updated model using the corresponding stiffness and mass correction factors, and then is utilized to form a new feature vector in which each element is calculated by dividing one element of SEMV in health condition by the corresponding element of SEMV in damage condition. Thus this vector can be viewed as a damage detection feature for its ability to identify the mass or stiffness variation between the healthy and damaged conditions. Finally, a numerical simulation and the laboratory experimental data from a test-bed structure at the Los Alamos National Laboratory were analyzed to verify the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method. Both simulated and experimental results show that the proposed approach is able to detect the presence of structural mass and stiffness variation and to quantify the level of such changes.