• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.107-112
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• 2006

If autogenous nail is lost in nail bed injuries, alternative effective nail bed protection material is questionable in postoperative follow up period. The conventional modality with autogenous nail coverage have several disadvantages such as drawback of maintenance, higher chance of loss and complex dressing step (eg. ointment apply for humidification and nail fixation using tape or bandage). So, we have studied the usefulness of adhesive silicone gel sheet for alternative nail bed protection material until the end of nail regeneration. From March 2003 to July 2004, we have experienced 215 traumatic nail bed injuries except fingertip loss. Among these patient, we classified two groups, 30 cases with autogenous nail protection(Group I) and 30 cases with adhesive silicone gel sheet protection(Group II). Mean full nail growth time was 3.6 months in group I and 3.8 months in group II. Mean final nail appearance score(0: poor, 4: excellent) was 3.0 in group I and 3.5 in group II. Adhesive silicone gel sheet protection(Group II) was slightly superior to the autogenous nail protection in final appearance, especially sterile matrix laceration. In conclusion, we believe that adhesive silicone gel sheet application is a simple, acceptable, alternative method for protecting nail bed with loss of autogenous nail. It has a number of advantages compared with autogenous nail such as better humidification, controllable hygiene, less pain, less hospitalization, less frequent visit, less chance of loss, avoiding complex dressing step and more even pressure with adhesiveness, flexibility and durability.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.15-23
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• 2019

Purpose: As the medical laboratories in general hospitals have made an efforts on quality management and employee health, they recognized the need of design guideline for clinical laboratory. As laboratories are prohibited to patients, their environments are becoming more congested and deteriorated as time goes by. So, this study investigates the current status of facility and equipment of laboratory medicine focusing on less than three hundred patient bed hospitals, and searches the improving matters. Methods: Questionnaires to technologist captains and field surveys to medical laboratories in korean hospitals have been conducted for the data collection. 18 answers have been analysed statistically by MS Excel program. Results: The result of this study can be summarized into followings. Clinical laboratory functions are all hematology, clinical chemistry, immunology, transfusion and urine microscopy, and except for three including microbiology for infection and bio safety level. Average man power of lab are 12.3 man including lab director and captain. Patient bed number, space area and total specimen numbers are not correlated with each other, but specimen numbers and employee number are correlated with. Work space distances are usually good, but exit distances are not adequate for escape owing to obstacles. Specimen delivery system by courier, test method by automatic analyzer, access floor for exposed plumbing and electricities are more practical. Open lab layed out in the center and lab support layed peripheral in space diagram. Lab space configuration by SD method showed that lab support area and employee support area are dissatisfied. Implications: Specialized hospital and yearly total specimen numbers are related to the space area and organization for laboratory planning and design.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.478-482
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• 2016

In this study, a bubbling fluidized bed pyrolyzer (0.076 m I.D. and 0.8 m high) was employed to investigate the fast pyrolysis characteristics of larch sawdust which is abundant in Korea. The effects of operation conditions, such as bed temperature ($350-550^{\circ}C$), fluidization velocity ratio ($U_o/U_{mf} $: 2.0-6.0) and feeding rate (2.2-7.0 g/min) on product yields and their chemical components were studied. The number of chemical compounds in the bio-oil decreased with the increasing bed temperature because of secondary pyrolysis. The effects of the Uo/Umf ratio and feeding rate on bio-oil compositions were relatively lower than those of the bed temperature.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.90-95
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• 2009

The wind is very important factor in forest fire spread. Flame spread has a change through wind pattern change in forest fire. In order to analyze the forest fire flame spread rate, change of flame tilt depending on wind may be considering first. This is be cause the flame spread rate varies by the flame tilt changed due to transfer of heat. Especially, as wind speed grow, flame gets closer to surface, heat transfer ratio increase, virgin fuel bed reaches ignition temperature more rapidly, and flame moves faster. This study deduces, through experiment and physical figure analysis, relations on the change behavior of flame tilt due to wind. The value of flame tilt angle calculated from the equation and the experiment value showed average error angle of $3.3^{\circ}$, which is relatively smaller than results of previous studies that used other coefficient. Froude number coefficient A can be calculated in the method provided in this research for estimation of flame tilt angle of virgin fuel bed with varying thermal properties. The research finding is expected to be applied to future studies on flame spread through numerical analysis of heat transfer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.533-540
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• 2012

The concentration of organic compounds was analyzed at each step of BAC (biological activated carbon) process though BDOC (biodegradable dissolved organic carbon) total/rapid/slow. Further, bacteria communities and biomass concentrations measured DGGE (denaturing gradirnt gel electrophoresis) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) methods were analyzed. The bed volume of steady state is different based on assessment of organic compounds removal. Bed volumes at steady state in DOC, $BDOC_{rapid}$ and $BDOC_{total/slow}$ removal were around 27,500, 15,000 and 32,000, respectively. A biomass didn't change after the bed volume reached 22,500 according to analyzing HPC (heterotrophic plate count) and ATP concentration of bacteria. The concentration of HPC and ATP were $3.3{\times}10^8$ cells/g and $2.14{\mu}g/g$, respectively. The number of the DGGE band were only 5 at the bed volume 8,916, but increased up to 11 at the bed volume 49,632. As operation time increase, bacterial group were more diversity. Four bacteria species including Pseudomonas fluorescens, the uncultured bacterium similar to Acinetobacteria, uncultured Novosphingobium sp. and Flavobacterium frigidarium have detected from the early stages and Proteobacteria group were dominantly detected.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.329-342
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• 2019

In this paper, the effect of a group of sand columns in the loose soil bed using triaxial tests was studied. To investigate the effect of geotextile reinforcement type on the bearing capacity of these sand columns, Vertical encased sand columns (VESCs) and horizontally reinforced sand columns (HRSCs) were used. Number of sixteen independent triaxial tests and finite element simulation were performed on specimens with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 200 mm. Specimens were reinforced by either a single sand column or three sand columns with the same area replacement ratio (16%) to evaluate the Influence of the column arrangement. Effect the number of sand columns, the length of vertical encasement and the number of horizontal reinforcing layers were investigated, in terms of bearing capacity improvement and economy. The results indicated that the ultimate bearing capacity of the samples with three ordinary sand columns (OSCs) is eventually about 11% more than samples with an OSC. Also, comparison of the column reinforcing modes showed that four horizontal layers of geotextile achieved similar performance to a vertical encasement geotextile at the 50% of the column height, from the viewpoint of strength improvement, while from the viewpoint of economy, the geotextile needed for encasing the single column is around 2.5 times of the geotextile required for four layers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.95-105
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine trends in number of nursing staff and skill mix. Methods: Nursing staff and skill mix were measured using the number of nursing staff including nurse aids and registered nurses per bed. Descriptive and panel data regression analyses were conducted using data on long-term care hospitals which included yearly series data from 2006 to 2010 for 119 hospitals. Results: The number of nursing staff per bed increased significantly but percentage of registered nurses decreased significantly from 2007 to 2010. The regression model explained this variation as much as 34.9% and 43.8%. Conclusion: The results showed that in long-term care hospitals there were more nurse aids employed instead of registered nurses after the implemention of differentiated inpatient nursing fees. Thus clarifying the job descriptions for nurses and nurse aids is needed and appropriate hospital incentive policies should be implemented.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2003

To investigate the community structure and meiofaunal density in seagrass/bare non-seagrass beds, a survey was conducted at three seagrass bed locations in Doomoojin of Baegryongdo, inner harbor of Eocheongdo in May 1999, and Yulim of Dolsando for every month from February to July 1999. Meiobenthic samples were collected from sediments within seagrass beds (SB) and non-seagrass bed (or adjacent to barren sand area, NSB). Nematodes were the most dominant group among representative 13 meiofaunal groups. The sub-dominant groups were benthic for-aminiferans, benthic harpacticoids, and annelids. The highest density of meiofauna was recorded at a seagrass bed of Yulim (7,244 ind/10 $\textrm{cm}^2$ in June), and lowest density was recorded at a non-seauass bed of Baegryoungdo (438 ind/ 10 $\textrm{cm}^2$ in May). For vertical distribution, the highest density of meiofauna was recorded at 0-2 cm depth, and the density abruptly decreased with depth in all stations. The density of meiofauna in size between 0.125 m and 0.25 mm was maximum. Sediment types for the study areas ranged from sandy to sandy mud by the Folk's classification. The density of total meiofauna, the number of taxa, and the density of the dominant groups (nematodes, benthic for-aminiferans, benthic harpacticoids, annelids) between SB and NSB were significantly different. The results clearly showed the importance of seagrass bed as suitable habitat for meiofauna.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.314-327
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• 2019

This study investigates channel stabilities with groynes by developing the assessment of it and applying a 2-dimensional numerical model, which simulates flow and sediment transport with various flows in the channel. Evaluation inventories are composed of five items, which are width to depth ratio, sinuosity, bed slopes, velocities in the flow flied, Shields number with discharges and geomorphic characteristics in the study reach. The channel stability is evaluated by applying the evaluation indicators to the channel with and without groynes in the study reach between Dalseong-weir and Gangjeonggoryeong-weir in the Nakdong river. Width to depth ratio, sinuosity, and bed slopes, which are index of river characteristics, little affect the channel stability. However, velocities in the flow flied, and Shields number, which is dimensionless tractive, near the banks of the channel strongly affect the stability. The evaluation values of the stability in the channel on the left and right banks decrease as the number of groynes increase in both the left and right banks, which means that the bank stability increases with the groynes.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.198-204
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• 2010

Solids flow characteristics have been determined in a pressurized solids recycle systems of silica sand particles for the application in a pressurized CFB(PCFB). The solids recycle system is composed of a downcomer(0.10 m i.d. 2.25 m high) and a loop-seal(0.10 m i.d.). The silica sand($d_p=240{\mu}m$, ${\rho}_s=2582kg/m^3$) particles were transported at room temperature and system pressure($P_{sys}$) up to 0.71 MPa using air. Solids mass flux($G_s$) increases with increasing system pressure at constant aeration rate. Pressure gradient, solids velocity and actual gas velocity increase with increasing $P_{sys}$ at constant aeration rate. The Pressure drop number($\Phi$) on pressure gradient in downcomer has been correlated with Transportation number(Tr). Pressure drop across the loop-seal increases with increasing of $G_s$ irrespective of variation of $P_{sys}$. The obtained $G_s$ and Transportation number(Tr) have been correlated with the experimental variables.