• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.481-488
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• 2012

As an exploratory research to understand the nature of relationships between ports and their neighboring communities, this study analyzes how ports influence their residents' quality of life(QOL). The QOL was measured by 17 indicators reconstructed by reviewing relevant literatures. As a result, both Busan port and Dalian port were found to have statistically significant influence on many of QOL indicators including general expenditure per capita, number of manufacturing factories per capita, number of factories's laborer per capita, the rate of pavement, number of traffic accident per capita, rate of housing supply, number of financial agencies per capita, park area per capita, number of cultural assets per capita, the size of welfare expenditure per capita, number of fire occurrence per capita. And Busan port have statistically significant influence on QOL indicators including the rate of increase in population, number of public health industries per capita, number of public health industries per capita, number of schools per capita, number of sick-beds per capita, but Dalian port not have influence. Also Dalian port have statistically significant influence on number of crime occurrence per capita, but Busan port not have influence.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2020

The classical limit theorems like strong law of large numbers, central limit theorems and law of iterated logarithms are fundamental theories in probability and statistics. These limit theorems are proved under additivity of probabilities and expectations. In this paper, we investigate strong law of large numbers under sub-linear expectation which generalize the classical ones. We give strong law of large numbers under sub-linear expectation with respect to the partial sums and some conditions similar to Petrov's. It is an extension of the classical Chung type strong law of large numbers of Jardas et al.'s result. As an application, we obtain Chung's strong law of large number and Marcinkiewicz's strong law of large number for independent and identically distributed random variables under the sub-linear expectation. Here the sub-linear expectation and its related capacity are not additive.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.229-249
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• 2018

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conduct exploratory comparative research on the determinants of successful crowdfunding projects, focusing on multiple crowdfunding platforms in Korea, U.S., and Japan. Design/methodology/approach This study collected data from three representative crowdfunding platforms: Wadiz (Korea), Kickstarter (U.S.), and Readyfor (Japan). Based on 1,906 crowdfunding projects from Wadiz, 3,864 projects from Kickstarter, and 3,060 projects from Readyfor, multiple regression models were applied. Findings Focusing on the crowdfunding projects which have overly achieved goal amount, the analysis results show that the number of comments, the number of Facebook likes and the number of backers have an positive impact on the performance of crowdfunding projects, while target amount has a negative impact. Comparatively, word counts of project description have an impact on funding performance in U.S. and Japan, while the number of images in project description affects funding performance in Korea and U.S. Meanwhile, video clips in project description has little impact on crowdfunding performance in all of the three funding platforms.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the Korean's value of children and perception of parenting difficulty through the agreement to the three kinds of Korean proverbs: difficulty of parenting, preference of son and value of daughter. Also, this study attempted to identify whether the value of children and the perceived difficulty of parenting measured by the agreement of the proverb is related to the number of children they thought as ideal before marriage and the number of children they actually have. Total 385 married men and women who have a job participated in the survey. Main result is as follows. 1) In most cases, the ideal number of children was at least equal or more than the actual number of children. 2) The subjects showed higher degree of agreement to the proverbs regarding the difficulty of parenting than the preference of son or the value of daughter. 3) The degree of agreement to each kind of proverbs were different in terms of some demographic variables such as age and sex. 4) When the age effect controlled, the ideal number of son had correlation with the agreement to the son-preference proverbs while the ideal number of daughter or total children had no correlation with agreement to any kinds of proverb. The actual number of son was positively correlated with agreement to the son-preference proverbs while actual number of daughter was negatively correlated with it. In conclusion, this study suggests the Korean's value of children has been rapidly changing and it has, in part, an effect on the number of children they want to have or they actually have.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2021

Utilizing a new version of the sunspot number and group sunspot number dataset available since 2015, we have statistically studied the relationship between solar activity parameters describing solar cycles and the slope of the linear relationship between the monthly sunspot numbers and the monthly number of active days in percentage (AD). As an effort of evaluating possibilities in use of the number of active days to predict solar activity, it is worthwhile to revisit and extend the analysis performed earlier. In calculating the Pearson's linear correlation coefficient r, the Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient rs, and the Kendall's τ coefficient with the rejection probability, we have calculated the slope for a given solar cycle in three different ways, namely, by counting the spotless day that occurred during the ascending phase and the descending phase of the solar cycle separately, and during the period corresponding to solar minimum ± 2 years as well. We have found that the maximum solar sunspot number of a given solar cycle and the duration of the ascending phase are hardly correlated with the slope of a linear function of the monthly sunspot numbers and AD. On the other hand, the duration of a solar cycle is found to be marginally correlated with the slope with the rejection probabilities less than a couple of percent. We have also attempted to compare the relation of the monthly sunspot numbers with AD for the even and odd solar cycles. It is inconclusive, however, that the slopes of the linear relationship between the monthly group numbers and AD are subject to the even and odd solar cycles.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.349-353
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• 2013

This study was performed to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of Fumagari OPP$^{(R)}$, fumigation disinfectant, containing 20% ortho-phenylphenol against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In this research, efficacy test of fumigant against S. aureus was carried out according to French standard NF T 72-281. S. aureus working culture suspension number (N value), all of the colony numbers on the carriers exposed with the fumigant (n1, n2, and n3), the number of bacterial test suspentions by pour plate method (N1), the number of bacterial test suspentions by filter membrane method (N2) and the mean number of bacteria recovered on the control-carriers (T value) were obtained from the preliminary test. In addition, the reduction number of S. aureus exposed with the fumigant (d value) was calculated using T value, the mean number of bacteria in recovery solution (n'1) and the mean number of bacteria on carriers plated in agar (n'2). N value was $4.0{\times}10^8$ CFU/mL, and n1, n2, and n3 were higher than 0.5N1, 0.5N2 and 0.5N1, respectively. Additionally, T value was $3.4{\times}10^6$ CFU/mL. In the bactericidal effect of the fumigant, the d value was 6.43 logCFU/mL. According to the French standard for the fumigant, the d value for the effective bactericidal fumigant should be over than 5 logCFU/mL. The results indicated that Fumagari OPP$^{(R)}$ had an effective bactericidal activity against S. aureus, then the fumigant can be applied to disinfect food materials and kitchen appliances contaminated with pathogenic bacteria.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2022

The remaining Joongjaesil(中齋室)-type pavilions in the eastern part of the Jirisan Mountain area showed more complex characteristics than those in the western part. The front number of kan(間) had two, three, and four kan (間) types, but the number of kan on the side was consistent with two regardless of the number of kan on the front. The pavillion is classified into 'central type', 'towards the backward type', and 'expanded by backwards type' according to the location of Joongjaesil. Joongjaesil's size, which characterizes the characteristics of Joongjaesil-type Pavilion, is related to the building's front number of kan. Front number of kan. When this space was increased by one space to four spaces, Joongjaesil must have two spaces. The pavilion with four bays in front showed the characteristics of being concentrated in Sancheong and Jinju, the eastern part of the Jirisan Mountain area. In the eastern region, many high pavilions remain, and the upper structure of the pavilion was insignificant, but the flat shape and public construction showed strong locality.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 1993

Sex preference and pregnancy motivation are analyzed using the data of 117 pregnant women in Chonju City. The results indicate that women prefer son, regardless of various sociodemographic variables such as pregnancy experience, number of children, women's education, occupation, income, religion, experience, number of children, women's education, occupation, income, religion, and men's education and occupation. Sex preference is statistically significant by women's marital status and age, and children's sex composition. The analysis on 19 pregnancy motivation items shows that pregnancy motivation differs by women's occupation, marital status, number of children, education and their partner's education. Factor analysis on pregnancy motivation items reveals six dimensions for all pregnancy: economic ability, value of child-care, psychological stability, family lineage, old economic dependency are statistically significant dimensions for son preference compared with daughter preference.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2015

Recently, multi-user massive MIMO (MU-Massive MIMO) network has attracted a lot of attention as a technology to accommodate explosively increasing mobile data traffic. However, the MU-Massive MIMO network causes a tremendous hardware complexity in a base station and computational complexity to select optimal set of users. In this paper, we thus propose a simple algorithm for selecting antennas and users while reducing the hardware and computational complexities simultaneously. The proposed scheme has a computational complexity of $O((N-S_a+1){\times}min(S_a,K))$, which is significantly reduced compared to the complexity of optimal scheme based on Brute-Force searching, $$O\left({_N}C_S_a\sum_{i=1}^{min(S_a,K)}_KC_i\right)$$, where N, $S_a$, and K denote the number of total transmit antennas, the number of selected antennas, and the number of all users, respectively.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2022

Experimental and numerical simulation were used to investigate the effects of angle and number of T shape non-persistent crack on the shear behaviour of crack's bridge area under uniaxial compressive test. concrete samples with dimension of 150 mm×150 mm×40 mm were prepared. Within the specimen, T shape non-persistent notches were provided. 16 different configuration systems were prepared for T shape non-persistent crack based on two and three cracks. In these configurations, the length of cracks were taken as 4 cm and 2 cm based on the cracks configuration systems. The angle of larger crack related to horizontal axis was 0°, 30°, 60° and 90°. Similar to cracks configuration systems in the experimental tests, 28 models with different T shape non-persistent crack angle were prepared in numerical model. The length of cracks were taken as 4 cm and 2 cm based on the cracks configuration systems. The angle of larger crack related to horizontal axis was 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°. Tensile strength of concrete was 1 MPa. The axial load was applied to the model. Displacement loading rate was controlled to 0.005 mm/s. Results indicated that the failure process was significantly controled by the T shape non-persistent crack angle and crack number. The compressive strengths of the specimens were related to the fracture pattern and failure mechanism of the discontinuities. Furthermore, it was shown that the compressive behaviour of discontinuities is related to the number of the induced tensile cracks which are increased by increasing the crack number and crack angle. The strength of samples decreased by increasing the crack number. In addition, the failure pattern and failure strength are similar in both methods i.e. the experimental testing and the numerical simulation methods (PFC2D).