• 제목/요약/키워드: Nuclear security

검색결과 402건 처리시간 0.026초

천안함 폭침 이후 북한의 군사도발 양상과 전망 (Trends and Prospects of N. Korea Military Provocations After the Sinking of ROKS Cheon-an)

  • 김성만
    • Strategy21
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    • 통권34호
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    • pp.58-92
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    • 2014
  • Even after S. Korea took 5.24 Measure(24 May 2014), N. Korea has not stopped raising provocations such as the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island, electronic and cyber attacks. To make matters worse, the communist country lunched long-range missiles(twice) and conducted 3rd nuclear test, escalating tensions which could possibly lead to an all-out war. Korean Government failed to respond properly. However, escalation into an all-out war was deterred by the CFC immediately carrying out its peacetime duty(CODA). The US made a rapid dispatch of its augmentation forces(Aircraft carrier, nuclear-powered submarine, strategic bomber, F-22) to the Korean Peninsula. In recognition of the importance of the Combined Forces Command, since May 2013 the Park Geun-Hye Administration has been pushing ahead with re-postponement of Wartime Operational Control Transfer(which initially meant the disassembling of the CFC as of 1 December 2015) More recently, there has been a series of unusual indicators from the North. Judging from its inventory of 20 nuclear weapons, 1,000 ballistic missiles and biochemical weapons, it is safe to say that N. Korea has gained at least war deterrence against S. Korea. Normally a nation with nuclear weapons shrink its size of conventional forces, but the North is pursuing the opposite, rather increasing them. In addition, there was a change of war plan by N. Korea in 2010, changing 'Conquering the Korean Peninsula' to 'Negotiation after the seizure of the Greater Seoul Metropolitan Area(GSMA)' and establishing detailed plans for wartime projects. The change reflects the chain reaction in which requests from pro-north groups within the South will lead to the proclamation of war. Kim, Jeong-Un, leader of N. Korean regime, sent threatening messages using words such as 'exercising a nuclear preemptive strike right' and 'burning of Seoul'. Nam, Jae-June, Director of National Intelligence Service, stated that Kim, Jung-Un is throwing big talks, saying communization of the entire Korean Peninsula will come within the time frame of 3 years. Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, shared an alarming message that there is a high possibility that the North will raise local provocations or a full-fledged war whenever while putting much emphasis on defense posture. As for the response concept of the Korean Government, it has been decided that 'ROK·US Combined Local Provocation Counter-Measure' will be adopted to act against local provocations from the North. Major provocation types include ▲ violation of the Northern Limit Line(NLL) with mobilization of military ships ▲ artillery provocations on Northwestern Islands ▲ low altitude airborne intrusion ▲ rear infiltration of SOF ▲ local conflicts within the Military Demarcation Line(MDL) ▲ attacking friendly ships by submarines. Counter-measures currently established by the US involves the support from USFK and USFJ. In order to keep the sworn promise, the US is reinforcing both USFK and USFJ. An all-out war situation will be met by 'CFC OPLAN5027' and 'Tailored Expansion Deterrence Forces' with the CFC playing a central role. The US augmentation forces stands at 690,000 troops, some 160 ships, 2,000 aircraft and this comprise 50% of US total forces, which is estimated to be ninefold of Korean forces. The CFC needs to be in center in handling both local provocations and an all-out war situation. However, the combat power of S. Korean conventional forces is approximately around 80% of that of N. Korea, which has been confirmed from comments made by Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, during an interpellation session at the National Assembly. This means that S. Korean forces are not much growing. In particular, asymmetric capabilities of the North is posing a serious threat to the South including WMD, cyber warfare forces, SOF, forces targeting 5 Northwestern Islands, sub-surface and amphibious assault forces. The presence of such threats urgently requires immediate complementary efforts. For complementary efforts, the Korean Government should consider ① reinforcement of Korean forces; putting a stoppage to shrinking military, acquisition of adequate defense budget, building a missile defense and military leadership structure validity review, ② implementation of military tasks against the North; disciplinary measures on the sinking of ROKS Cheon-an/shelling of Yeonpyeong Islands, arrangement of inter-Korean military agreements, drawing lessons from studies on the correlation between aid for N. Korea, execution of inter-Korean Summit and provocations from the North, and ③ bolstering the ROK·US alliance; disregarding wartime operational control transfer plan(disassembling of CFC) and creation of a combined division.

북한의 대남 사이버공격 양상과 행태 : 사이버파워와 강압이론을 통한 분석 (North Korea's Cyber Attack Patterns and Behaviors : An Analysis Based on Cyber Power and Coercion Theory)

  • 윤태영;우정민
    • 융합보안논문지
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.117-128
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    • 2018
  • 본 논문은 주요 국제정치이론을 바탕으로 2009년 들어 지속되어온 북한의 사이버 상에서 대남공격 행태를 분석하여 한국의 정책적 대응방안을 제시하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 국제안보학계에서 최근 주목받는 '사이버파워'의 행동영역과 특성 및 '강압의 역동성' 모델을 적용하였다. 북한의 사이버공격 유형은 권력기반 잠식, 지도자 리더십 공격과 음해, 군사작전 방해, 사회불안과 혼란유도 유형으로 분류된다. 사이버파워 유형과 수단 면에서 북한의 GPS 교란, 국방부 서버해킹, EMP 등은 보복 위협성이 강한 하드파워이고, 사이버머니 현금화, 렌섬웨어 등은 소프트웨어를 볼모로 거액의 돈을 강탈하거나 요구하는 점에서 설득 유인의 행동 영역에서 힘으로 분석된다. 북한의 사이버공격은 2차 핵실험을 기점으로 현실적 제재에 따른 탈출구적 성격을 갖는다. 한국은 북한의 공세적 사이버파워가 방법과 능력에서 변화하고 있음을 명확히 인식하고, 북한의 행동이 이득보다 감당할 수 없는 손실이 훨씬 더 클 것이라는 결과를 갖게끔 만드는 것이 중요하다. 이를 위해서는 사이버심리전, EMP공격 대비, 해킹보안의 전문성 강화 등 제도적 보완과 신설을 통해 공격과 방어가 동시에 이루어지는 사이버보안과 역량을 강화할 필요가 있다.

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북한의 사이버공격과 대응방안에 관한 연구 (A Study on North Korea's Cyber Attacks and Countermeasures)

  • 정민경;임종인;권헌영
    • 한국IT서비스학회지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.67-79
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    • 2016
  • This study aims to present the necessary elements that should be part of South Korea's National Defense Strategy against the recent North Korean cyber-attacks. The elements proposed in this study also reflect the recent trend of cyber-attack incidents that are happening in the Unites States and other countries and have been classified into the three levels of cyber incidents: cyberwarfare, cyberterrorism and cybercrime. As such, the elements proposed are presented in accordance with this classification system. In order to properly take into account the recent trend of cyber-attacks perpetrated by North Korea, this paper analyzed the characteristics of recent North Korean cyber-attacks as well as the countermeasures and responses of South Korea. Moreover, by making use of case studies of cyber-attack incidents by foreign nations that threaten national security, the response measures at a national level can be deduced and applied as in this study. Thus, the authors of this study hope that the newly proposed elements here within will help to strengthen the level of Korea's cyber security against foreign attacks, specifically that of North Korea such as the KHNP hacking incidents and so on. It is hoped that further damage such as leakage of confidential information, invasion of privacy and physical intimidation can be mitigated.

게임이론을 통해 살펴본 역대정부의 대북정책 연구 (The Study on the Government's North Korea Policy through Game Theory)

  • 류호국;임계환
    • 융합보안논문지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.69-79
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 북한의 지속적인 핵 개발과 관련하여 역대정부에서는 지금까지 이에 대응하는 뚜렷 대안없이 일방적으로 끌려가는 정책에 일관해 왔다는점에 초점을 맞춰 과거 진보정부(국민의 정부 / 참여정부)와 보수정부(이명박 정부 / 박근혜 정부)가 추진해온 대북정책에 대해 게임이론을 통해 비교 연구함으로써 한국의 대북정책에 대한 이해를 증진시킴과 동시에 향후 바람직한 대북정책의 방향을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이러한 시도는 역대정부의 대북정책을 평가할 수 있는 기준을 제시할 수 있을 것이며, 나아가 지속 가능한 남북관계와 통일한국을 달성할 수 있는 대북정책의 대안을 모색하는데도 일조할 것이다.

저탄소 에너지 전환을 위한 2030년 최적전력구성비: 노후 원전 단계적 폐쇄와 INDC를 고려한 시나리오 (The Optimal Energy Mix in South Korea's Electricity Sector for Low Carbon Energy Transition in 2030: In Consideration of INDC and Sequential Shutdown of Decrepit Nuclear Power Plants)

  • 김동윤;황민섭
    • 환경영향평가
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    • 제26권6호
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    • pp.479-494
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    • 2017
  • 후쿠시마 사태 이후 형성된 원전에 대한 부정적인 여론은 몇몇 국가에서 '탈원전'이라는 정책으로 표출됐다. 한국도 문재인 정부가 들어서면서 원전의 비중을 단계적으로 낮추는 에너지 정책 전환 계획을 발표했다. 이로써 기후변화와 에너지 안보라는 두 가지 문제를 동시에 해결할 주요 에너지원으로 꼽혔던 원전 사용에 제한이 발생했다. 이 연구는 원전의 단계적 폐쇄를 주요 내용으로 하는 에너지 정책 전환 이행과 기후변화체제라는 상황 속에서 2016년부터 2030년까지 한국의 최적전력구성비를 찾는 것이 목적이다. 최적전력구성비는 시간당 전력수요와 INDC를 최소비용으로 만족하는 구성비를 의미한다. 이 연구에서는 선형계획법을 통해 에너지 정책 전환을 이행하는 시나리오와 원전을 2017년 수준으로 유지하는 시나리오로 나누어 비용을 비교분석했다. 그 결과 두 시나리오 모두 풍력은 2018년부터 꾸준히 증가하는 반면 태양광은 2021년부터 경제성을 갖춰 발전량이 대폭 늘어났다. 한편 총 비용은 에너지 전환 시나리오가 약 56조원으로 원전 유지 시나리오에 비해 약 5.5조원 더 비싼 것으로 나타났다.

A Systems Engineering Approach to Implementing Hardware Cybersecurity Controls for Non-Safety Data Network

  • Ibrahim, Ahmad Salah;Jung, Jaecheon
    • 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.101-114
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    • 2016
  • A model-based systems engineering (MBSE) approach to implementing hardware-based network cybersecurity controls for APR1400 non-safety data network is presented in this work. The proposed design was developed by implementing packet filtering and deep packet inspection functions to control the unauthorized traffic and malicious contents. Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack was considered as a potential cybersecurity issue that may threaten the data availability and integrity of DCS gateway servers. Logical design architecture was developed to simulate the behavior of functions flow. HDL-based physical architecture was modelled and simulated using Xilinx ISE software to verify the design functionality. For effective modelling process, enhanced function flow block diagrams (EFFBDs) and schematic design based on FPGA technology were together developed and simulated to verify the performance and functional requirements of network security controls. Both logical and physical design architectures verified that hardware-based cybersecurity controls are capable to maintain the data availability and integrity. Further works focus on implementing the schematic design to an FPGA platform to accomplish the design verification and validation processes.

Re-evaluation of Korean Effluent Concentration Limits and Comparative Analysis

  • Hwang, Won Tae;Lee, Joeun;Kwon, Dahye;Kim, Eun Han;Han, Moon Hee
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • 제43권3호
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    • pp.124-129
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    • 2018
  • Background: Effluent Concentration Limits (ECLs) were re-evaluated via direct calculation using dose coefficients based on radiation protection quantity introduced in Korea and the intrinsic breathing rates of Korean residents. Materials and Methods: The re-evaluated ECLs were compared with the domestic standards given in the Notice of the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC), as well as with ECLs specified in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Results and Discussion: The relative ratios of the re-evaluated ECLs to the currently applied domestic standards differed depending on the radionuclide type, but it was clearly shown that, for tritium ($^3H$) and radiocarbon ($^{14}C$), which significantly affect radiological dose to the public during the normal operation of nuclear power plants, the re-evaluated ECLs were higher than the domestic standards. This implies that Korean standards are relatively conservative. Conclusion: The re-evaluated results for each age group showed that $^{131}I$ (radioiodine), one of the significant radionuclides, had the lowest values, but nonetheless, the domestic standards for radioiodine were lower than the ECLs given in the CFR and the re-evaluated ECLs via a method given in the CFR.

The bubble problem of the plasma facing material: A finite element study

  • Kang, Xiaoyan;Cheng, Xiyue;Deng, Shuiquan
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제52권10호
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    • pp.2290-2298
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    • 2020
  • The damage of first wall material in fusion reactor due to the bubbles caused by plasma has been studied by introducing a relation between the von Mises equivalent stress and the temperature field. The locations and shapes of the bubbles and the synergetic effect between the different bubbles under steady operational conditions have been studied using the finite elements method. Under transient heat loads, plastic deformations have been found to occur, and are significantly enhanced by the presence of the bubbles. The calculated concentration locations of von Mises equivalent stress are well consistent with the observed crack positions of the tungsten surface in many test experiments. Our simulations show that the damage of the bubbles is not severe enough to lead to catastrophic failure of the tungsten armor; however, it can cause local and gradual detachment of tungsten surface, which provides a reasonable explanation for the observed pits and rough or hairy surface morphology etc. Considering the transient heat loads, the lower bound of the security thickness of the tungsten tile is estimated to be greater than 2 mm.

테스트베드 구축을 통한 디지털계측제어계통 사이버보안 평가 방법에 관한 연구 (A Study on Cyber Security Evaluation Method of the Digital Instrument and Control System using the Construction of a Test-bed)

  • 차기종;신요순;서달미;손창호;김영미;정충희
    • 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보처리학회 2014년도 춘계학술발표대회
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    • pp.368-371
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    • 2014
  • 최근 디지털계측제어시스템은 사이버위협에 매우 취약하여 사이버공격에 의해 발전소 안전에 부정적인 영향을 받을 수 있는 실정이다. 따라서 디지털계측제어시스템에 대해 주기적인 사이버보안 위험 평가가 필요하다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 테스트베드 구축을 통해 특정 시점에서의 사이버 위협의 침해 가능성 분석, 또는 자체적으로 사이버보안성을 평가할 수 있는 방법에 대해 제안한다. 동 연구에서 제안하는 사이버보안 위험 평가는 자산분석, 테스트베드 구축, 취약점 분석, 위협평가, 위험도분석 및 평가 총 5단계로 구성되며 각 단계의 사이버보안 활동 수행을 통해 디지털계측제어계통의 사이버보안수준이 향상될 것으로 사료된다.

인천지역 근린공원의 토양 방사능 농도 (Soil Radioactivity in Urban Parks of Incheon)

  • 장준수;이상복;백가은;신희철;이경재;이도화;김성철
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제46권1호
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    • pp.37-42
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    • 2023
  • Most of research on environmental radioactivity is conducted in areas near nuclear power plants, so basic data about the distribution of environmental radioactivity in soil in other areas are insufficient. Therefore, in this study, divide into four categories by the land development characteristics of Incheon and the purpose of development, and confirm the stability of the Incheon through soil sample collection and gamma-ray analysis based on 40K, 137Cs and 226Ra (214Pb, 214Bi). The spectrum obtained by measuring for 80,000 seconds by using the HPGe detector was analyzed by Genie 2000 program. Soil radioactivity concentrations in urban parks of Incheon area are generally within a safe range compared to the results of the Nuclear safety and security commission. However, as 137Cs was detected in one park, which will require continuous monitoring.