• 한방비만학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2016

Objectives: The all anti-obesity drugs currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration work by reducing energy intake. In fact, no approved drug targets energy expenditure. In Korean medicine, it is known to Qi or Yang invigorating therapy could increase energy metabolism. Aconitum carmichaeli Debx (ACD) is a Yang invigorating herb, often used for treat obesity in Korean medicine. In the present study, the authors investigated the regulatory effects of ACD in energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Methods: The water extract of ACD (0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml) were treated in differentiated C2C12 cells. The protein or mRNA levels of target genes were analyzed and mitochondrial mass were investigated. Results: ACD activated the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha ($PGC-1{\alpha}$), nuclear respiratory factor 1 and TFAM and increased mitochondrial mass. ACD also increased adenosin monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Conclusions: This study suggests that ACD has the potential to increase energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis by activating AMPK and $PGC1{\alpha}$.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2010

이 연구는 제2형 당뇨 모델 동물인 Goto-Kakizaki(GK) 흰쥐를 사용하여 운동과 셀레늄 투여가 미토콘드리아 생성과 기능 향상을 조절하는 전사 인자의 발현 변화와 현상학적으로 당뇨의 증상 개선을 유도할 수 있는지를 구명하기 위해 실시하였다. 실험동물은 52주령된 GK 수컷 흰쥐로 24 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 days/week, 총 6주간 트레드밀 런닝을 실시하였다. Sodium selenite(5 umol/kg)는 selenium 집단과 combination 집단에 1주일에 5일씩 6주간 복강에 주입하였다. 운동과 셀레늄 투여는 미토콘드리아의 생성에 관여하는 peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha(PGC-$1{\alpha}$), nuclear respiratory factors(NRF-1), 그리고 mitochondrial transcription factor A(Tfam) 발현을 증가시켰으며, 그 결과로 미토콘드리아량의 지표 단백질인 cytochrome C도 증가를 보였다. 특히, 운동이나 셀레늄의 단독적인 처치보다는 운동과 셀레늄 병행 처치가 미토콘드리아의 생성 및 활성 증가, 그리고 포도당 내성에 긍정적인 효과를 보였다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 수행된 운동과 셀레늄 투여 처치는 당뇨의 개선 효과 및 당뇨 질환과 관련된 미토콘드리아의 기능 향상에 긍정적인 효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2022

Echinacea purpurea (Asteraceae family) is widely used in the European countries and the United States due to its proven immune enhancement and anti-inflammatory effects. Echinacea purpurea has been reported prevent and treat upper respiratory tract infections and common cold, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanisms of Echinacea purpurea (EP) extract using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated signal pathways in RAW264.7 cells. Our results suggest that EP extract exerts anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulating the expression of LPS-induced toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), subsequently inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and suppression of the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that EP extract is a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제73권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2012

Background: Oxidation plays an important role in acute lung injury. This study was conducted in order to elucidate the effect of repetitive post-treatment of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) of rats. Methods: Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups. LPS (Escherichia coli 5 mg/kg) was administered intravenously via the tail vein. NAC (20 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 3, 6, and 12 hours after LPS injection. Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were obtained to evaluate the ALI at 24 hours after LPS injection. The concentration of tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin $1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) were measured in BALF. Nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured using lung tissues. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images were examined in each group at 72 hours apart from the main experiments in order to observe the delayed effects of NAC. Results: TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ concentration in BALF were not different between LPS and NAC treatment groups. The concentration of LPO in NAC treatment group was significantly lower than that of LPS group ($5.5{\pm}2.8$ nmol/mL vs. $16.5{\pm}1.6$ nmol/mL) (p=0.001). The activity of MPO in NAC treatment group was significantly lower than that of LPS group ($6.4{\pm}1.8$ unit/g vs. $11.2{\pm}6.3$ unit/g, tissue) (p<0.048). The concentration of NF-${\kappa}B$ in NAC treatment group was significantly lower than that of LPS group ($0.3{\pm}0.1\;ng/{\mu}L$ vs. $0.4{\pm}0.2\;ng/{\mu}L$) (p=0.0001). Micro-CT showed less extent of lung injury in NAC treatment than LPS group. Conclusion: After induction of ALI with lipopolysaccharide, the therapeutic administration of NAC partially attenuated the extent of ALI through the inhibition of NF-${\kappa}B$ activation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.324-330
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 C57BL/6J ob/ob 마우스를 이용하여 한국산 겨우살이 냉수 추출물(KME)의 항당뇨 활성을 조사하였다. 50 혹은 100 mg/kg의 KME를 1일 1회씩 경구투여 한 결과 KME 투여 개시 5일 후부터 ob/ob 마우스의 혈당이 유의하게 억제되었으며, 10일 후부터 안정된 억제 효과를 나타내고 대조군에 비해 20% 이상의 혈당강하 효과를 나타내었다. 경구 당부하 실험(OGTT)에서는 KME 경구투여 마우스에서 유효한 당부하 억제 활성이 관찰되었다. 또한 KME 경구 투여는 ob/ob 당뇨 마우스의 혈액 내 총 콜레스테롤과 중성 지질의 농도를 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 C2C12 근육세포를 이용한 in vitro 실험에서 KME를 처리함으로써 glucose uptake가 현저히 증가하였다. 한편 매우 흥미롭게도 KME를 처리한 C2C12 근육세포에 있어서 미토콘드리아 생성과 산화대사 조절물질인 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-${\alpha}(PGC-1{\alpha})$를 비롯하여 glucose transporter type 4(GLUT4), estrogen-related receptor-${\alpha}(ERR-{\alpha})$, nuclear respiratory factor-1(NRF-1) 그리고 mitochondrial transcription factor A(TmfA)와 같은 $PGC-1{\alpha}$ 관련 유전자들의 발현이 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 결과는 KME가 2형 당뇨에 대한 치료물질로서의 작용을 지니며 이러한 KME의 항당뇨 활성은 미토콘드리아 생성의 조절과 관련 있는 것으로 추정된다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2011

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion is a well-known marker for oxidative stress and aging, and contributes to harmful effects in cultured cells and animal tissues. mtDNA biogenesis genes (NRF-1, TFAM) are essential for the maintenance of mtDNA, as well as the transcription and replication of mitochondrial genomes. Considering that oxidative stress is known to affect mitochondrial biogenesis, we hypothesized that ionizing radiation (IR)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes mtDNA deletion by modulating the mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby leading to cellular senescence. Therefore, we examined the effects of IR on ROS levels, cellular senescence, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mtDNA deletion in IMR-90 human lung fibroblast cells. Young IMR-90 cells at population doubling (PD) 39 were irradiated at 4 or 8 Gy. Old cells at PD55, and H2O2-treated young cells at PD 39, were compared as a positive control. The IR increased the intracellular ROS level, senescence-associated ${\beta}$-galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-gal) activity, and mtDNA common deletion (4977 bp), and it decreased the mRNA expression of NRF-1 and TFAM in IMR-90 cells. Similar results were also observed in old cells (PD 55) and $H_2O_2$-treated young cells. To confirm that a increase in ROS level is essential for mtDNA deletion and changes of mitochondrial biogenesis in irradiated cells, the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were examined. In irradiated and $H_2O_2$-treated cells, 5 mM NAC significantly attenuated the increases of ROS, mtDNA deletion, and SA-${\beta}$-gal activity, and recovered from decreased expressions of NRF-1 and TFAM mRNA. These results suggest that ROS is a key cause of IR-induced mtDNA deletion, and the suppression of the mitochondrial biogenesis gene may mediate this process.

• 셀메드
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.25.1-25.7
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• 2020

Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is an IgE (immunoglobin-E) mediated inflammatory condition of upper respiratory tract; main clinical features involve runny nose, sneezing, nasal obstruction, itching and watery eyes. AR is a global problem and has large variations in incidences, currently affects up to 20% - 40% of the population worldwide. It may not be a life-threatening disease per se but indisposition from the condition can be severe and has the potential to adversely affect the daily functioning of life. Classical yoga literature indicates that, components of yoga have been used to treat numerous inflammatory conditions including upper respiratory tract. A few yoga intervention studies reported improvement in lung capacity, Nasal air flow and symptoms of allergic rhinitis. This review examined various anti-inflammatory pathways mediated through Yoga that include downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The hypothalaminic-pitutary-adrenal (HPA) axis and vagal efferent stimulation has been reported to mediate anti-inflammatory effect. A significant reduction is also reported in other inflammatory biomarkers like- TNF-alpha, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), plasma CRP and Cortisol level. Neti, a yogic nasal cleansing technique, reported beneficial effect on AR by direct physical cleansing of thick mucus, allergens, and inflammatory mediator from nasal mucosa resulting in improved ciliary beat frequency. We do not find any study showing effect of yoga on neurogenic inflammation. In summary, Integrated Yoga Therapy may have beneficial effect in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life for patients with allergic rhinitis. Yoga may reduce inflammation through mediating neuro-endocrino-immunological network. Future studies are needed to explore the mechanism how yoga might modulate immune inflammation cascade and neurogenic inflammation at the cellular level in relevance to allergic rhinitis; the effects of kriyas (yogic cleansing techniques) also need to be evaluated in early and late phase of AR. So the proposed model could guide future research.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.74.1-74.16
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• 2022

Background: Previous studies have presented evidence to support the significant association between red meat intake and colon cancer, suggesting that heme iron plays a key role in colon carcinogenesis. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major constituent of green tea, exhibits anti-oxidative and anti-cancer effects. However, the effect of EGCG on red meat-associated colon carcinogenesis is not well understood. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of hemin and EGCG on colon carcinogenesis and the underlying mechanism of action. Methods: Hemin and EGCG were treated in Caco2 cells to perform the water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay, lactate dehydrogenase release assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot. We investigated the regulatory effects of hemin and EGCG on an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon carcinogenesis mouse model. Results: In Caco2 cells, hemin increased cell proliferation and the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, and ROS levels. EGCG suppressed hemin-induced cell proliferation and cell cycle regulatory protein expression as well as mitochondrial ROS accumulation. Hemin increased nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, but decreased Keap1 expression. EGCG enhanced hemin-induced Nrf2 and antioxidant gene expression. Nrf2 inhibitor reversed EGCG reduced cell proliferation and cell cycle regulatory protein expression. In AOM/DSS mice, hemin treatment induced hyperplastic changes in colon tissues, inhibited by EGCG supplementation. EGCG reduced the hemin-induced numbers of total aberrant crypts and malondialdehyde concentration in the AOM/DSS model. Conclusions: We demonstrated that EGCG reduced hemin-induced proliferation and colon carcinogenesis through Nrf2-inhibited mitochondrial ROS accumulation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제82권2호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2019

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis involves irreversible alveolar destruction. Although alveolar epithelial type II cells are key functional participants within the lung parenchyma, how epithelial cells are affected upon bleomycin (BLM) exposure remains unknown. In this study, we determined whether BLM could induce cell cycle arrest via regulation of Schlafen (SLFN) family genes, a group of cell cycle regulators known to mediate growth-inhibitory responses and apoptosis in alveolar epithelial type II cells. Methods: Mouse AE II cell line MLE-12 were exposed to $1-10{\mu}g/mL$ BLM and $0.01-100{\mu}M$ baicalein (Bai), a G1/G2 cell cycle inhibitor, for 24 hours. Cell viability and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by MTT and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Apoptosis-related gene expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cellular morphology was determined after DAPI and Hoechst 33258 staining. To verify cell cycle arrest, propidium iodide (PI) staining was performed for MLE-12 after exposure to BLM. Results: BLM decreased the proliferation of MLE-12 cells. However, it significantly increased expression levels of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$, and transforming growth factor ${\beta}1$. Based on Hoechst 33258 staining, BLM induced condensation of nuclear and fragmentation. Based on DAPI and PI staining, BLM significantly increased the size of nuclei and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Results of qRT-PCR analysis revealed that BLM increased mRNA levels of BAX but decreased those of Bcl2. In addition, BLM/Bai increased mRNA levels of p53, p21, SLFN1, 2, 4 of Schlafen family. Conclusion: BLM exposure affects pulmonary epithelial type II cells, resulting in decreased proliferation possibly through apoptotic and cell cycle arrest associated signaling.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2017

1977년 첫걸음을 시작한 대한핵의학기술학회의 영상관련 학술활동은 1985년 창간호를 발간하며 비로소 학회지의 형식을 갖추게 되었다. 지금까지 학회지에 게재된 방사분과 논문을 세부분야 별로 분류하여 연구논문의 동향을 알아보고자 한다. 1985년부터 2016년 상반기까지 학회지에 수록된 논문을 제출형식 별, 검사장비 별, 검사분야 별로 분류하고 엑셀(Microsoft Office 2010)프로그램을 이용하여 데이터베이스화 하였다. 이 자료를 통해 각 연도별 학회지 게재 논문 수, 세부분야별(detail) 제출 논문 수, 그리고 시대별 핵심어(keyword) 분포 등을 분석하였다. 학회지에 게재된 논문은 방사분과 1151편, 방사분과와 임상분과 두 분과의 공통주제 28편이였다. 방사분과 연대별 게재 논문 수는 1980년대 46, 1990년대 149, 2000년대 467, 2010~2016년 상반기까지 517편이였다. 제출형식별 논문 수는 원저 571, 초록 529, 심포지움 31, 특강25, 종설 11, 흥미영상 7, 포스터 3, 증례보고 2편이였다. 이중 심포지움과 특강 56편을 제외한 논문에서 검사장비 별 논문 수는 PET 319, Planar 302, SPECT 172, 방사성의약품 113, 방호 및 안전관리 103, 골밀도 28, 기타 86편이였다. 검사분야별 논문 수는 종양학 201, 장비 179, 심혈관 및 순환계 102, 환경안전 82, 골격계 76, 신경 핵의학 66, 정도관리 61, 비뇨 생식기계 56, 내분비계 49, 소화기계 44, 치료 34, 산업안전 24, 분자영상 15, 감염 및 염증 9, 호흡기계 9, 소아 핵의학 8, 기타 108편 이였다. 시대별 가장 많이 기재된 키워드(keyword)는 1999~2005년 PET, 2006~2016년 PET/CT였다. 보다 다양한 분야의 논문제출을 권장하기 위해서 대한핵의학기술학회에 게재된 논문뿐만 아니라 다양한 형태의 자료들을 데이터베이스화 하는 과정이 필요 할 것이다. 또한 많은 회원들이 영향력지표(Impact factor)가 높은 논문을 발표 할 수 있도록 대한핵의학기술학회 홈페이지를 통한 빅 데이터 자료제공 등과 같은 학회차원의 기술적, 제도적 보완과 함께 연구자 개인의 지속적인 노력과 다 기관 간의 협력하는 노력이 필요 할 것이다.