• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.10
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• pp.615-626
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• 2020

The outbreak of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has spread worldwide and resulted in a pandemic for health systems. The disease is transmitted via respiration as droplets or aerosol. Due to the nature of dental treatment, aerosols, including body fluid, blood, and saliva, are frequently produced in dental hospitals. The present study investigated the potential risk of nosocomial infection of COVID-19 in dental hospitals to provide recommendations in clinical situations. The Seoul National University Dental Hospital in Korea established a countermeasure to cope with the clinical situation based on The Guidelines of Korean Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (KCDC) for dental practitioners and the available literature. Notably, numerous considerations for patient reservation and schedule management are required for space separation in the hospital, including infection control. Experiences in dental hospitals in Korea would be referable for other dental hospitals facing this infectious respiratory disease.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.309-315
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• 2004

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens. Many hospitals are facing the problems which they have to use expensive antibiotics and suffer from long term hospital study of patients due to MRSA. This study is to survey MRSA nasal colonization of patients and doctors, and to investigate the mode of transmission of MRSA by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and then use these data to prevent further spread of cross infection and reduce nosocomial infection. Subjects of this study were 201 patients with MRSA infection at an university hospital in Busan from Sept. 1997 to Aug. 1998. Bacterial genotypes of MRSA strains isolated from nares and wound of patients (14 cases) and nares of doctors (8 cases) were analyzed by PFGE. Nasal cultures of 20 I patients for detecting nasal colonization of MRSA were performed and incidence rate of nasal colonization was 40％ (80/201). Among 201 patients MRSA were acquired from hospital in 140 (70％) patients and were acquired from community 61 (30％) patients. Among 14 pairs of MRSA from colonized or infected sites and anterior nares, DNA patterns of 10 pairs (71.4％) were equal. 86％ (12/14) MRSA strains isolated from patients and 12.5％ (1/8) MRSA strains isolated from doctors show same pattern. DNA patterns were changed in some doctors after nasal oint. Treatment. It could be inferred that the most sources of MRSA in hospital are the endemically existing MRSA. Therefore, we believe that it would be necessary to control MRSA nasal colonization of the patients and the related medical teams to reduce the medical cost and to improve the efficacy of medical cares.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.227-240
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• 1987

Infection has assumed increased importance as a cause of death among thermally injured individuals. Decreased treatment effectiveness and an increase in mortality are the hallmarks of nosocomial infection. Infection control is a monumental task that must be achieved to reduce mortalities. This was a retrospective study to survey the epidemiological features of nosocomial infections in a burn unit and to identify the possibilities for infection control. During the past 6 year 2 month period from July, 1981 to August, 1987, 306 burn patients were treated in the burn unit of university hospital. Among of these, 290 cases were the subjects of this study. The data were collected from the patients' records after discharge. All data collected were analyzed using percent, x$^2$-test, t-test with SPSS program. The results of this study are summariged as follows: 1) Infection rate was 40%. According to site, there were 67 cases of wound infection, 60 cases of post-operative skin graft infection, 20 cases of septicemia and 20 cases of donor site infection. As far as the burn size was concerned, the infection rate for patients whose burn size ranged 61 to 70%, was shown to be 100%, followed by the infection rate of 93.8%, for patients whose burn size ranged from 41~50%. As far as the period of time over which the infection developed, 5 to 7 days showed the highest frequency. Further infection was the main cause of deaths and complications. 2) Based upon the results obained by comparing the general characteristics, between a hospital infection-group and non-hospital infection group, there was a significant defference according to age, the time of the year when the accident happened, the place of accident or length of hospital-admission. And according to the result obtained by comparing the general characteristics of the burn, there was a significant difference according to burn size, burn depth, burn type, and burn site. And also based upon the result obtained by comparing the two groups according to method of treatment, there was a significant difference according to the use of antibiotics and to the type of wound-treatment, and for the 8 different binds of treatment related to infection, there was a significant difference for all. In conclusion, age, length of hospital-admission, burn size, burn type, burn site, burn depth, type of woundtreatment and the 8 different binds of treatment, which are related to burns, were shown to be the factors which affect the infection rate in burn patients.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 2008

Distribution of microorganisms were examined for the bucky tables in the radiology rooms of the department of radiological technology, the aprons, handles of various apparatus, handles of mobile radiological apparatus, and hands of the radiological technologists. As a result, relatively larger amounts of bacteria were found on the handles of the mobile radiological apparatus and the aprons. Among the isolated bacteria, Acinetobacter baumanni (7.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (3.9%), Serratia liquefaciens (1.7%), Enterobacter cloaceae (0.6%), Providenica rettgeri (0.6%) are known as the cause of nosocomial infection (hospital acquired infection). In addition, similar colonies were also found on the hands of the radiological technologists such as microorganisms of Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (6.6%), Yersinia enterocolotica (5.4%), Acinetobacter baumanni (4.2%), Enterobacter cloaceae (2.4%), Serratia liquefaciens (1.8%), Yersinia pseuotuberculosis (18%), Enterobacter sakazakii (1.2%), and Escherichia coli (0.6%). In particular, this result indicates clinical significance since Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli show strong pathogenicity. Therefore, a continuous education is essential for the radiological technologists to prevent the nosocomial infection.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.425-432
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• 2001

A bacteria infection on film cassette contact surface was examined at the diagnostic radiology department. Studies have demonstrated a bactericidal effect of ultraviolet irradiation, and to assess the contamination level on film cassette contact surface as a predictor of patient prevent from nosocomial infection. The study showed that the laboratory result was identified non-pathologic and pathologic bacterial in the five different cassette size of the contact surface. Film cassettes were exposed to ultraviolet light for 1, 2 and 3 minutes. Ultraviolet light disinfection practices suitable for bacteria. The study concludes that presence of a bacterial infection will prevent a using antiseptic technique on film cassette contact surface. In conclusion, ultraviolet irradiate on film cassette over the surface more than 2 minutes. Ultraviolet dose of $1565 {\mu}W{\codt}s/cm^2$ Win in 30 second relative to ultraviolet dose in time.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2013

Background: The prevalence of extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is increasing rapidly worldwide. Treatment options for ESBL-producing E. coli are limited, and infections caused by this organism are associated with improper antibiotic use, a long hospital stay, and increased mortality. Thus, the assessment and early recognition of the risk factors of nosocomial infections due to ESBL-producing E. coli are important for the infection control and proper treatment. Methods: A case-control study was performed that included nosocomial episodes of ESBL-producing E. coli bacteremia at a tertiary care hospital from January 2004 to December 2007. For each case patient, three controls were randomly selected and data on predisposing factors were collected. Results: Fifty-five cases of nosocomial ESBL-producing E. coli bacteremia were studied. Carbapenem usage (OR: 11.3, 95% CI: 1.1-115.9, p=0.041), quinolone usage (OR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.1-18.8, p=0.042), biliary obstructive disease (OR: 11.8, 95% CI: 3.0-46.7, p<0.001) and the APACHE II score (OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.2- 1.5, p<0.001) were analyzed as independent risk factors of nosocomial ESBL-producing E. coli bacteremia. Conclusion: Our results showed that physicians caring for patients with risk factors of nosocomial bacteremia should consider ESBL-producing E. coli as the causative organisms of the disease.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2002

Purpose: Surgical Site Infection(SSI) is the third most common cause of nosocomial infection, so that it results in serious socioeconomic impact such as extra hospitalization, mortality and health care cost. The aim of this study was to analyses the SSI that based on the degree of wound contamination and patient risk index after general surgery and to generate a reference data for the effective management and reducing SSI. Method: From July, 1999 to June, 2000, 1080 cases which presented with surgical site infection after general surgery at S hospital in chunchon city were included in this study. The data were collected by review of the medical records retrospectively. The collected data, in accordance with the test purpose, is analyzed by SPSS/PC+ program, using real numbers, percentage, $X^2$ test, Pearson's correlation and stepwise logistic regression. Result: The overall wound infection rate was 4.7%(51 cases out of 1,080). The infection rate of clean wounds was 1.4%. Surgical site infection rate for patient risk index scores of 0, 1, 2 and 3 was 1.9%, 8.0%, 13.1% and 20.0%, respectively and increased significantly according to patient risk index(p=.000). Sixteen of the fifty one(31.4%) surgical site infections were found during an outpatient visit after discharge. Multivariate analysis, identified two independent variables : duration of postoperation stay(p=.000), age(p=.037). The most frequent isolated organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(21%) and Staphylococcus aureus(21%). Also Staphylococcus aureus were all MRSA(Methicillin Resistant S. aureus). Conclusion: In this study, SSI was analysed according to the degree of wound contamination and patient risk index after general surgery. The data that obtained from this study is expected that it would be available for surveillance and control of SSI.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.473-477
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• 2004

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are resistant to a wide range of antibiotics and are a major cause of nosocomial infections. Accurate and rapid typing of MRSA is needed to implement effective infection control measures. Arbitrarily Primed PCR (AP-PCR) is a very useful method in rapid typing. AP-PCR is not necessary information about target DNA sequence because this is basically DNA amplification and could be useful in epidemiological typing by classified band pattern. In this study, MRSA were isolated and identified from ICU, Neu, IM and Ped environments and investigated molecular typing by AP-PCR. Ped, the MRSA pattern determines the la, IIa type, 1M is Ib type, Neu is IIa type and ICU determines the IIa, lIb types. All MRSA in this study were typeable by AP-PCR, which was easy to perform and reproduce with evidence of MRSA for purposes of nosocomial infection control.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.79-82
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• 2012

Cat flea bite in humans results in extremely pruritic skin lesions. It has been reported to occur among those living in domiciliary accommodation. However, nosocomial infestation with cat flea has not been reported. We hereby report a case of nosocomial infestation of cat flea in a hospital facility. Identification of the parasite, its appropriate eradication, and adequate medical management of the patients resulted in a satisfactory outcome.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.229-238
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in the structural relationship of nursing students' performance related to nosocomial infection control (NIC). Method: Data was collected by using a questionnaire completed by 238 nursing students of three nursing colleges in Suwon, Sokcho. Results: The mean score of performance related to NIC was 3.86. The highest mean score of performance related to NIC was 4.18 (${\pm}0.91$) for 'hand washing' and the lowest mean score was 3.56 (${\pm}1.08$) for 'respiratory system'. In prediction of the intention of nursing students' on NIC, the attitude, the subjective norm, and the perceived behavior control(PBC) of TPB resulted in statistically significant influencing factors (p<0.050). These three variables explained 47.6% of the total variance of the intention of nursing students' on NIC. In predicting the performance related to NIC, the PBC resulted in the direct and main influencing factor of nursing students' performance related to NIC (p<0.010). Intention was not a significant determinant. These two variables explained 13.2% of total variance of the performance related to NIC. Conclusion: This study shows the TPB model's applicability in explaining performance related to NIC of nursing students and highlights the importance of PBC for strategies to enhance performance related to NIC in nursing students.