• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.299-304
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• 1983

제주해협 동쪽 입구에는 주년 대마난류 수괴인 설상 난수가 존재한다. 그러므로 이 설상 난수 때문에 동 해협 서쪽에서 유입하는 해수의 유향이 이 해협내에서 변화되 한국 남해 연안쪽을 향할 수 있어 제주해협내의 중, 저층수는 한국 남해 연안수 형성에 중요한 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이 설상 난수는 동계에 강하고 하계에 약하므로 대마난류는 하계 보다 동계에 한국 남해 연안에 접근하며, 이 난류의 북쪽 경계도 거문도와 소리도 연안까지 자주 접근하고 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1525-1540
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• 2015

In order to clarify the contribution rate of PM concentration due to regional emission distribution, Brute force analysis were carried out using numerical estimated PM data from WRF-CMAQ. The emission from Kyeongki region including Seoul metropolitan is the largest contribution of PM concentration than that from other regions except for emission of trans-country and source itself. Contribution rate of self emission is also the largest at Kyeongki region and its rate reach on over 95 %. And the rate at Gangwon region also higher than any region due to synoptic wind pattern. Due to synoptic wind direction at high PM episode, pollutants at downwind area along from west to east and from north to south tends to mix intensively and its composition is also complicated. Although the uncertainty of initial concentration of PM, the contribution of regional PM concentration tend to depend on the meteorological condition including intensity of synoptic and mesoscale wind and PM emission pattern over upwind region.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.441-455
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• 1999

Meteorological characteristics of three high-ozone episodes in the Greater Seoul Area, selected on the basis of morning-average wind direction and speed for the 1990~1997 period, were investigated. Three high-ozone episodes thus selected were seven days of July 3~9, 1992, nine days of July 21~29, 1994, and three days of August 22~24, 1994. Along with surface meteorological data from the Seoul Weather Station, surface and 850-hPa wind fields over the Northest Asia around the Korean Peninsula were used for the analysis. In the July 1992 episode, westerly winds were most frequent as a result of the influence of a high-pressure system in the west behind the trough. In contrast, in the July 1994 episode, easterly winds were most frequent due to the effect of a typhoon moving north from the south of Japan. Despite different prevailing wind directions in the two episodes, the peak ozone concentration of each episode always occurred when a sea-land breeze developed in association with weak synoptic forcing. The August 1994 episode, selected as being representative of calm conditions, was another typical example in which peak ozone concentration rose to 322 ppb under the well-developed sea-land breeze. All three high-ozone episodes were terminated by precipitation, and subsequent rises in ozone concentrations were also suppressed by a series of precipitation afterwards. In particular, two heavy rainfalls were the main reason why the August 1994 episode, with the highest and second-highest ozone concentrations during the 1990~1997 period, lasted for only a few days.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2013

실뱀장어는 산란장인 마리아나해구에서 산란 및 부화과정을 거쳐, 뱀장어 자어인 렙토세팔루스 단계에서 북적도 해류와 쿠로시오 해류를 따라 회유하면서 변태과정을 거치게 된다. 변태된 실뱀장어는 동중국해를 지나 우리나라 연안으로 올라오는데 실뱀장어의 먹이원에 대해서는 알려진 바가 없었다. 실뱀장어 먹이원은 안정동위원소 비값을 측정하여 수서 생태계에 존재하는 먹이망에 의한 단계별 증가율을 해석함으로써 가능하다. 2012년 4월에 채집된 자연산 실뱀장어의 탄소 및 질소 안정동위원소를 측정하여 먹이원을 밝히기 위하여 실뱀장어 ${\delta}^{13}C$과 ${\delta}^{15}N$를 분석하고 서해안 및 동중국해 북부해역의 가용 가능한 입자유기물질에 대한 값들을 분석, 비교하였다. 우리나라 서해안에서 채집된 실뱀장어의 ${\delta}^{13}C$값은 $-20.7{\pm}0.1$‰, ${\delta}^{15}N$값은 $5.0{\pm}0.2$‰로 나타났다. 실뱀장어의 가용 먹이원으로 추정되는 입자유기물질 중 서해안의 ${\delta}^{13}C$값은 $-24.0{\pm}0.3$‰이고, ${\delta}^{15}N$값은 $2.8{\pm}0.4$‰이었고, 동중국해 북부해역의 ${\delta}^{13}C$값은 $-24.5{\pm}0.5$‰이고, ${\delta}^{15}N$값은 $0.8{\pm}0.3$‰이었다. 일반적으로 알려진 영양단계에 따른 동위원소 분별 비값 증가율을 고려할 때, 본 연구에서 나타난 서해안과 동중국해의 POM과 서해안에서 채집된 실뱀장어의 ${\delta}^{13}C$과 ${\delta}^{15}N$값의 차이는 서해안과 동중국해의 입자유기물질이 자연산 실뱀장어의 먹이원으로써 이용되지 않았다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 우리나라 연안에서 채집되는 실뱀장어는 뱀장어 자어인 렙토세팔루스에서 변태과정을 거친 이후에는 먹이를 섭이하지 않고 회유하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.85-106
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• 1976

The Bulgugsa acidic igneous rocks of the late Cretaceous age are largely distributed in Busan area, which is located in the southeastern corner of the Korean Peninsula. These igneous rocks comprise in ascending order, felsite, dacitic-rhyolitic welded tuffs, granite porphyry and granitic rocks. The former three members represent the early phase of volcanic activities, so that they are named as Jangsan volcanic rocks. The granitic rocks consist of granodiorite, hornblende biotite granite, Kumjongsan granite, fine grained granite, and Daebyen granite, represent the late phase of igneous activities. The Kumjongsan grainte, the largest pluton of the granitic mass, emplaced between two great vertical faults trending NNE. New chemical analyses of 33 rock samples of these acidic rocks are given. Their chemical compositions are generally similar to those of the late Mesozoic acidic igneous rocks of the northern Ashio mountains, and C-Zone granite group of the Ogcheon geosyncline, with their characteristic variation trends of several oxides. Their chemical compositions also show that $Al_2O_3$ is high value, and differentiation index is high, too. Systematically developing joints in Kumjungsan granite are divisible into two types at least. One is the NS-N $20^{\circ}E$ trendirig, $85^{\circ}{\sim}90^{\circ}$ dipping type of joint system which coincides with the trends of distribution of the granite mass and the dikes intruding this granite. Joints of this type may be cooling joints generated as tension cracks. The other is the $N60^{\circ}{\sim}70^{\circ}W$ or $N40^{\circ}{\sim}60^{\circ}E$ trending type of joint systems. It is considered that. joints belonging to this type may be shear joint occurring under the state of south-north tectonic couple acting at the east and west side of the granite mass. Igneous activities of the the Bulgugsa acidic igneous rocks in Busan area was taken place as. follows, formation of the magma reservoir, eruption and intrusion of felsite, consolidation of vents. and increasing vapor pressure in magma reservoir, eruption of pyroclastic flows, caldera collapse, intrusion of granite porphyry, and intrusion of granitic rocks at the latest stage.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2020

The Daehang-ri intertidal flat located the just outside of the Saemangeum dike has been reported to show new-developing flats. Based on the topographic surveys of 21 times from 2000 to 2016 by a leveling method every year, this site clearly shows variation of deposition/erosion in time and space. Deposition has consistently occurred at the rate of +3.75 cm per year at the area along the dike (Zone 1), and this tidal flat is expanding and prograding seaward. In the area of far from the dike (Zone 2), on the other hand, erosion prevails at the rate of -2.38 cm per year, and this zone tends to retreat landward. However, the erosional trend of Zone 2 has slightly slowed down since 2014. As a whole from 2000 to 2016, net deposition is recorded over 3.0 m at the upper beach and the area adjacent to the dike (Zone 1), while erosion up to 1.0 m in Zone 2. In conclusion, the results at the Daehang-ri intertidal flat clearly revealed that its topographic changes were induced by the artificial structures and water masses through its sluice gate. Counter-clockwise gyre newly created after the sea dikes construction probably results in relocating of sediment outside the dike 1 by transportation of materials eroded from the south to the north along the coast.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2013

This study was carried out in order to analyze the succession characteristics of the slope of expressways and the results of analysis by collecting and analyzing various literatures and data from 2011 to 2012 and surveying 75 expressway slope, as follows : The construction methods applied to planting the slope of an expressway can be classified into 4 types including 3 Climber planting methods, 8 Vegetation thick-layer spray work methods, 4 Seed spray work methods, and 4 Stabilization work methods. The factors which affect the cover degree of the slope of an expressway were found to be development years, gradient, length, and azimuth. Like surrounding forest areas, the expressway slope was analyzed to begin the plant succession 20, 30, and 40 years after development, and plant succession was developed in diversity in a mixed stand forest according to surrounding forest floors. Species diversity, maximum species diversity, and the evenness of slope facing north were analyzed to be high comparing to those facing east, west, and south according to azimuth of slope. Species diversity, maximum species diversity, evenness of slope, and the plant succession of surroundings were analyzed to be high when the gradient of the slope was less than $40^{\circ}$. The dominant species which success on the slope of an expressway and its surrounding forest area included Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Zoysia japonica, Pinus thunbergii Parl, Rubus crataegifolius, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Amorpha fruticosa, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, and Oenothera biennis.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.177-186
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• 1970

Bupyong lead-silver mine is located at outskirt of Inchon, a harbor city on the Yellow Sea about 40 km due west of Seoul. The geology of the area is composed of gneisses of pre-Cambrian age, rhyolite of Jurassic to Cretaceous age which extruded over the gneisses and late Cretaceous granite. Small diabasic dike is observed only in the underground. The contact plane between overlying rhyolite and underlain gneiss is sinuous and generally pitches about $30^{\circ}{\sim}40^{\circ}$ toward east. Conjugate joints and fissures are well developed in the rhyolite striking generally north-southward. Three ore bodies are being exploited and three more are under prospecting. These ore bodies range from few tons of hundred thousand to million tons in reserve. These ore bodies occur exclusively in the rhyolite along joints as network and/or desseminated type. The lower limit of ore bodies is always delineated at about 20~30m above the gneiss which might be indicative of ore genesis that has not been clearly explained so far. Two hypothesis on ore genesis could, however, be considered: firstly lithologic difference in the rhyolite might be a manifestation of different flows along which ore solution ascended and replaced along joints; secondly diabasic dike has acted as ore bringer since the dike contains considerable amount of silver, lead and zine. Ore minerals are galena and native silver accompanied by pyrite, argentite, pyragyrite and magnetite. It is believed that pyritization took place in advance to main mineralization, and ore deposit is classified as meso- to epi-thermal type.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.86-97
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• 1972

The tides, tidal currents and tidal prisms at Inchon Harbor are studied with recent data. The tides at Inchon Harbor is of semi-diurnal type having a spring range of 798cm and a phase age of 2 days. The monthly mean sea level at Inchon has a maximum at August and a minimum at January with a annual range of about 40cm. the tidal currents at Inchon Outer Harbor are of semi-diurnal type same as tides and nearly reversing type. The flood and ebb currents set north and south with a velocity of about 90-175 cm/sec and 120-225 cm/sec at spring tide and begin 0.2 hours after L.W. and 0.7 hours after H. W., respectively. Non-tidal currents flow southward with 10-20 cm/sec at west side of the stream and northward with 15-20 cm/sec at east side of the stream at Inchon Outer Harbor. The flood volume through the Inchon Outer Harbor fluctuates fortnightly from 590 10$\^$6/㎥ spring tide to 260 $10^6/m^3$ at neap tide and ebb volume changes from 470 $10^6/m^3$ at spring tide to 200 $10^6/m^3$ at neap tide, respectively. The flow area along the channel to the Estuary of Yeomha is controlled by the tidal prism as expressed by $A=1.14{\times}10^{-4}P^{0.966}$

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.80-109
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• 2020

신라사천왕사는 670년 '조창(祖創)'된 이후 '개창(攺刱)'을 거쳐 679년에 낙성된 밀교사원이다. 본 연구는 근년의 발굴조사 성과와 사원건립과정 및 조영척도에 관한 고찰 결과를 바탕으로, 사천왕사건축의 설계기술 해명을 시도한 것이다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 부지 조성에 있어서는, 낭산 남록 상에 1방(坊)의 크기를 상정, 그 남북 폭을 3등분한 후, 그 중 2구획분을 평탄부로 설정했을 가능성이 있다. (2) '조창'에 있어서는, 평탄면 남단을 경계로 하여 300척(尺)평방의 규모를 상정, 그 중심에 '선축기단'을 축조했던 것으로 추정되는데, 초기구상으로써 문두루(신인(神印))의 장치를 목적으로 한, 외원 2주(肘)(3척(尺)), 내원 1주(肘)(1.5척(尺))의 단(壇) 평면 의장을 자체 고안, 그것의 100배를 중심곽 규모 및 배치 계획에 있어서의 근거로 설정해 두었을 가능성이 있다.(3) '개창'에 있어서는, '선축기단'의 중심을 금당 중심으로 고수할 경우 발생되는 목탑·금당간거리 협소 문제를 인지, 초기구상으로부터 중심곽 규모 및 배치를 조정했던 것으로 판단된다. (4) 당탑 및 단석의 배치는, 확정된 중심곽 규모(280척(尺)×320척(尺))를 대상으로 한 분할에 기초해 결정되었는데, 동서방향에 있어서는 중심곽 동서 폭을 4등분하는 선상으로 정한 반면, 남북방향에 있어서는 중심곽 짜임새상의 특성에 입각, 동서회랑의 도리칸 분할과 조정을 통해 익랑 위치를 확정한 후, 이를 기준해 금당·단석을 배치했다고 추정된다. (5) 당탑 및 단석 등의 규모는 각 건물의 정면 기단 폭에 의해 제어되었던 것으로 인정된다. 특히 금당·목탑의 규모는 중심곽 동서 폭의 4등분으로부터 시작되는 단위분수적 분할의 반복을 통해 결정된 것으로 판단되는데, 이는 단의 평면의장을 전형으로 한 자기유사성에 연원을 둔 것으로 이해된다.