• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.298-304
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 냉동 돼지고기를 가정에서 일반적으로 이용하는 해동방법인 냉장해동, 냉수해동, 실온해동, 전자레인지해동으로 해동한 후 이들 해동방법이 돼지고기의 품질에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 또한 전자레인지해동을 제외한 각 해동방법에서 해동시간을 2배로 늘려 같은 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 색도는 일반 해동시간과 시간을 2배로 연장한 냉장해동, 냉수해동, 실온해동 및 전자레인지해동에서 L값이 대조군에 비해 증가하였으며, a값은 모든 해동방법에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. pH는 전자레인지해동과 해동시간을 연장한 경우, 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였다. 또한 해동감량은 일반 해동시간과 해동시간을 2배로 연장했을 때 모두 다른 해동방법에 비해 실온해동 시 유의적으로 증가하였다. 지방의 산패 정도를 나타내는 TBARS값은 일반 해동시간으로 해동한 경우에는 해동방법에 따라 유의적인 차이를 나타내지는 않았으나, 시간을 2배로 연장한 냉장해동과 실온해동 시에는 대조군보다 유의적으로 증가하였다. 일반 해동시간으로 해동 시에 일반 총균수는 전자레인지해동시 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 해동시간을 2배로 연장한 경우에는 냉수해동과 실온해동 시 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였다. 또한 해동시간이 2배로 연장된 경우에 일반세균 수는 각 해당 해동방법으로 일반 해동시간으로 해동했을 때보다 미생물 수가 유의적으로 증가하였다. 전체적으로 볼 때 일반 해동시간으로 해동했을 때 냉장해동과 냉수해동이 다른 해동방법에 비해 돼지고기의 품질 변화를 적게 일으켜 바람직한 해동방법으로 나타났으며, 해동시간이 길어지면 미생물 증식, 산패도 증가, 색 변화 등 품질 저하가 크게 일어나기 때문에, 필요 이상의 시간으로 해동하지 않도록 유의해야 할 것이다. 또한 전자레인지해동은 단시간에 열을 발생하므로 해동이 빠르고 육즙 손실이 적어 육류 해동에 자주 이용되고 있으나, 균일하게 해동되지 않는 문제점이 있기 때문에, 큰 덩어리로 해동하지 않도록 유의해야 할 필요가 있는 것으로 보인다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1916-1922
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• 2014

본 연구는 뇌파 분석을 통해 군복무 부적응 병사의 뇌기능 특징을 알아보고자 진행하였다. 대상자는 00사단 비전캠프에 입소한 병사 59명과 정상적으로 복무중인 병사 60명, 그리고 민간청년 1, 000명 등 총 1, 119명이다. 군인에 대한 뇌파 측정은 2013년 9월부터 2014년 1월까지 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 민간청년과 군인 집단 간 뇌기능 비교에서 기초율동 주의 정서 항스트레스 브레인지수는 군인 집단이 유의하게 높았으며, 자기조절 활성 좌우뇌균형지수는 민간청년 집단이 유의하게 높았다. 둘째, 군복무 부적응 병사와 정상 병사 집단 간에는 정서지수와 브레인지수에서 유의한 차이로 부적응 집단이 낮았으며, 평균값도 모든 뇌기능지수에서 부적응 집단이 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 이 연구 결과 규칙적인 생활과 신체활동, 균형 잡힌 영양섭취를 하는 군 복무는 정상 또는 부적응 병사를 막론하고 뇌기능에 긍정적인 영향을 주지만, 그러한 부대활동에서 대부분 열외 되는 부적응 병사는 영향을 덜 받는 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.467-475
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• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Acupuncture at the GV20 and GV22 on normal human beings using power spectrum analysis. Methods : Electroencephalogram(EEG) power spectrum exhibits site-specific and state-related differences in various frequency bands. 8 channels Background Electroencephalogram (EEG) was carried out in 30 subjects(24 females and 4 males). Results : In ${\delta}$(theta) band, the power values decreased significantly at the 8-channel average value(p=0.03) and especially at T3(p=0.02), T4(p=0.001) and P3(p=0.03). In ${\alpha}$(alpha) band, the power values have no significant changes. In ${\beta}$(beta)band, the power values increased significantly at the 8-channel average value (p=0.02) and especially at T4(p=0.003), P3 (p= 0.03) and P4(0.02). In ${\beta}/{\delta}$(beta/theta) ratio, the value increased significantly at the 8-channel average value(p=0.002) and especially at Fp2(p=0.05), F4(p=0.007), T3(0.012), T4(0.005), P3 (0.007) and P4(0.03) Conclusions : Through this data, we conclude that acupuncture at the GV20 and GV22 on normal human beings could have possibility to awake the cerebral cortex by the functional mechanism.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.788-794
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• 2011

Purpose: Reduced heart rate variability significantly increases cardiovascular mortality. Metabolic syndrome increases the cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Recently, increasing cardiovascular mortality has been reported in patients with schizophrenia. This study was done to compare heart rate variability between adults with and without schizophrenia and to compare the relationship of heart rate variability to metabolic syndrome in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. Methods: This was a descriptive and correlational study in which 719 adults without schizophrenia and 308 adults with schizophrenia took part between May and June 2008. We measured the following: five-minute heart rate variability; high-frequency, low-frequency, the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency, and the Standard Deviation of all the normal RR intervals. Data was also collected on metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting glucose. Results: The Standard Deviation of all the normal RR intervals values of heart rate variability indices were $1.53{\pm}0.18$. The low-frequency and high-frequency values of heart rate variability indices were significantly higher in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia ($3.89{\pm}1.36$; $3.80{\pm}1.20$) than those in the healthy participants ($2.20{\pm}0.46$; $2.10{\pm}0.46$). There were no significant differences between the schizophrenic patients with and without metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that schizophrenia patients have significantly lower cardiac autonomic control, but they have significantly higher low-frequency and high-frequency values than those of healthy adults. Use of antipsychotic drug may affect the autonomic nervous system in schizophrenic patients. Metabolic syndrome was not associated with cardiac autonomic control in schizophrenia patients.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.305-318
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) at an acupoint, HT8(Sobu), on normal humans by using power spectral analysis. We examined the effect on the Heart Rate Variability(HRV), and the balance of the autonomic nervous system. Methods : Thirty-two healthy volunteers participated in this study. EEG(Electroencephalogram) power spectrum exhibits site-specific and state-related differences in specific frequency bands. A thirty-two channel EEG study was carried out on thirty-two subjects(14 males; mean age=23.5 years old, 18 females; mean age=21.5 years old). HRV and EEG were simultaneously recorded before and after acupuncture. Results : In the ${\alpha}$(alpha) band, during the HT8-acupoint treatment, the power values in the ${\alpha}$(alpha) band significantly decreased(p<0.05) at 28 channels. In the ${\beta}$(beta) band significantly decreased(p<0.05) at 26 channels. In ${\delta}$(delta) band significantly decreased(p<0.05) at 18 channels. In ${\theta}$(theta) band significantly decreased(p<0.05) at 20 channels. ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ values were increased at 6 channels and decreased at 10 channels.${\beta}/{\theta}$ values were increased at 10 channels and decreased at 19 channels. Mean-RR(RR-interval), Complexity, RMSSD(Root mean square of successive differences), SDSD(Standard deviations differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals), norm HF showed a significantly increased and mean-HRV, norm LF, LHR(LF/HF Ratio) showed a significantly decreased after HT8-acupoint treatment(p<0.05). Conclusions : These results suggest that EA at the HT8 mostly causes significant changes on alpha(28 channels), beta(26 channels), delta(18 channels), theta(20 channels) bands and mean-HRV, mean-RR, complexity, RMSSD, SDSD, norm LF, norm HF and LHR. If practicing EA at the HT8, it will regulate the function of the cerebral cortex, decrease activity of the sympathetic and increase parasympathetic nervous activity.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.19-32
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• 1969

Radioisotope renography was carried out in 564 cases consisting of 150 normal controls, 140 hypertensives, 102 hypertensive nephropathys, 62 chronic renal diseases, non-functioning kidneys. It was aimed to study which parameter of the renogram is most applicable to any definite disease of the kidney. The analytical methods adopted were; Tobe, Spencer, Krueger, Matchida and Takeuchi. In the non-functioning kidney groups, the hemograms and serum nitrogen series were also studied to evaluate the relationships between the renograms and renal anemia. The parameters were; time of maximum amplitude (Tmax), half-time of maximum amplitude ($T\frac{1}{2}$), Kac value calculated from these two parameters in Tobe's method, slopes of Band C phase, B/A and B/C values in Spencer's method, total concentration (T.C.), minute concentration (M.C.) and minute excretion (M.E.) in Krueger's method, Matchida's K value and Takeuchi's renal function Index (R.F.I.). Following were the results: 1. In general, marked differences in the patterns of the renogram were observed between the normal controls and nephropathys. In Tobe's method, each parameter showed statistically significant delay or decrease in patients with hypertensive nephropathys and chronic renal diseases. In Spencer's method, slopes of B and C phase and B/C, also showed the statistically significant decrease in patients with hypertension, hypertensive nephropathys and chronic renal diseases. In Krueger's method, M.C. and ME showed the statistically significant differences between the control and patients with hypertension, hypertensive nephropathys and chronic renal diseases, In Matchida's method, K value showed the statistically significant differences between the control and patients with hypertensive nephropathys and chronic renal diseases. 2. It appeared, therefore, that Tobe's $T\frac{1}{2}$, Kac value, Spencer's slopes of Band C phase, B/A, B/C values, Krueger's T.C., M.C., and M.E. values, Matchida's K value are useful for the differentiation of various renal diseases, however, qualitative analysis of the renogram with one or two parameters is not accurate. 3. In bilateral non-functioning kidney groups, a positive correlation between anemia and nitrogen retention was observed, although the quantitative assessment of the degree of non-functioning was impossible.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

The hepatoprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica fruits in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. In hepatotoxic rats, liver damage was studied by assessing parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (AlT), alkaline phosphatase (AIP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in serum, and concentrations of total proteins, total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol in both serum and liver. The effect of co-administration of ethanolic extract on the above parameters was further investigated. Histopathological study of the liver in experimental animals was also undertaken. Hepatic damage as evidenced by a rise in the levels of AST, AIT, AIP and GGT in serum, and also changes observed in other biochemical parameters In serum and liver showed a tendency to attain near normalcy in animals co-administered with the extract. The normal values for AST (IU/L), AIP (IU/I), protein (g/100 ml) and total lipids (mg/100 ml) in serum (i.e.,20.24, 70.04, 5.72 and 135.54 respectively) were found to alter towards values 32.61, 127.11, 3.83 and 265.91 in hepatotoxic rats. These parameters Attained near normal values (I.e.,22.82, 79.30, 5.22 and 151.24 for AST, AIP protein and total lipids respectively) in ethanolic extract co-administered rats. Profound steatosis, ballooning degeneration and nodule formation observed in the hepatic architecture of $CCl_4$ treated rats were found to acquire near-normalcy in drug co-administered rats, thus corroborating the biochemical observations. Thus the study substantiates the hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica fruits.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2009

The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of the pronunciation of Korean vowels in patients with class III malocclusion. 11 adult male patients with class III malocclusion(mean ages 22.3 years) and four adult males with normal occlusion(mean ages 26.5 years) were selected for the analysis of eight Korean monophthongs /ㅣ, ㅔ, ㅐ, ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅡ, ㅜ/. The values and relationships of F1, F2 and F3 were derived from the stable section of target vowel in each sentence, and the analysis using formant plots and vowel triangles' distance and area was conducted to find the features of two groups' vowel distributions. Consequently, it was identified that the pronunciation of males patients with class III malocclusion showed high values of F1 in the low vowels, high values of F2 in the back vowels, and remarkably low position of /ㅏ/. The vowel triangle suggested that the triangle areas of male patients with class III malocclusion were shown wider vertically and narrower horizontally than those of males with normal occlusion. These characteristics could reflect the structural features of class III malocclusion such as the prognathic mandible, low tongue position, and advancement of back position of the tongue.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.349-358
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• 2000

Effects of repeated administration of diminazene aceturate (Hoechst Veterin r GmbH. Ger- many) that has been introduced as effective compound against Babesiosis and trppanosomiasis were investigated in dogs experimentally infacted with Babesia gibsoni. Adull mongrel dogs of both sexes were inoculated will nonpreserved infected blood and then maintained chronic anemia. A single dose of diminazene aceturate of 7mg/kg b.w. was administrated intramnuscularIy on day 7.1 arid ,7. Clin- ical and hcmatological findings following inoculation and medication were observed and 7enlm bio chemical analysis also was monitored. Parasitemia was detected between 3 and 6 days after inoculation. The rate of parasitized erythrocytes,1 in peripheral blood reached the peak on the 13th day and was maintained the percentage of 0.1 to 1.0 until the medication of diminazene aceturate. RBC was significantly (p<0.01) decreased on the 3rd day and then kept on decreasing. The lowest value was observed on the 16th day. WBC remained generally within normal ranges. PCV revea1ed the sig-nificant (p<0.01) decrease within the range of 24-27% and platelet was significantly (p<0.05) decreased during the period. Senum chemical values (ALT, AST. total bilirubin. LDH BUN, area- tinine, total protein. albumin and glucose) were within normal ranges during the experimental period. Serum CPK values were significantly (p<0.01) increased on the 3rd day. There was no clinically, sig-nificant difference in a single dose of diminazene aceturate of 7 mg/kg b.w. But the administration of diminazene aceturate of 14 mg/kg b.w. revealed vomiting and anorexia and one dog died in 30 hours after administration. The administration of 14mg/kg b.w. resulted in vomiting, salivation, actor- exia, tremor of head and involuntary movement and one dog died in 27 hours after administration. WBC, RBC, PCV and Platelet values were no significant difference and hematological findings revealed persistent anemia and thrombocytopenia during chronic anemia after inoculation. AST activity its was significantly (p<0.01) increased 11\\`from 3 days after medication and AST activity was on the same trend. Serum CPK activity revealed significant (p<0.01) increase within 6 hors)\\`s after every administration and decreased in 48 howl·s after administration.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.579-590
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• 2017

다변량 자료의 분포함수를 알고 있거나 추정할 수 있으면 다변량 경험분포함수를 정의할 수 있다. 이변량인 경우에는 계단그림과 분위그림을 사용하여 경험분포함수를 시각화할 수 있는데, 본 연구에서는 다변량인 경우에 경험분포함수를 정사각형에 표현할 수 있는 다변량 경험분포그림을 제안하였다. 여러 종류의 다변량 정규분포와 특정한 분포에 대하여 경험분포그림을 작성하고 특징을 살펴보니, 다양한 분산공분산행렬을 포함된 분포함수에 따라 경험분포그림이 민감하게 반응하는 것을 탐색하였다. 이를 바탕으로 경험분포함수를 구할 때 가정한 다변량 분포함수의 적합도 검정방법을 제안하였다. 대표적인 다섯 종류의 적합도 검정방법을 사용하고, 다양한 분포함수들에 대하여 각각의 검정통계량 기각역을 구하였다. 본 연구에서 얻은 기각역은 문헌에서 구할 수 있는 기각역과 큰 차이가 없음을 발견하였다. 그러므로 본 연구에서 제안한 적합도 검정방법을 문헌에서 제시한 기각역으로 쉽게 사용할 수 있는 장점이 있다.