• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.253-259
• /
• 2019

Concrete-to-concrete bedding planes (CCBP) are observed from time to time due to the multistep hardening process of the concrete materials. In this paper, a series of direct/cyclic shear tests are performed on CCBP under static and dynamic normal load conditions to study the frictional behavior effect by the shear velocities, normal impact frequencies, horizontal shear frequencies, normal impact force amplitudes, horizontal shear displacement amplitudes and normal load levels. According to the experimental results, apparent friction coefficient k ($k=F_{Shear}/F_{Normal}$) shows different patterns under static and dynamic load conditions at the stable shear stage. k is nearly constant in direct shear tests under constant normal load conditions (DCNL), while it is cyclically changing with nearly constant peak value and valley value for the direct shear tests under dynamic normal load conditions (DDNL), where k increases with decreasing normal force and decreases with increasing normal force. Shear velocity has little influence on peak values of k for the DCNL tests, but increasing shear velocity leads to increasing valley values of k for DDNL tests. It is also found that, the valley values of k ascend with decreasing impact normal force amplitude in DDNL tests. The changing pattern of k for the cyclic shear tests under constant and dynamic normal load conditions (CCNL and CDNL tests) are similar, but the peak value of k is smaller in CDNL tests than that in CCNL tests. Normal load levels, shear displacement amplitudes, vertical impact frequencies, horizontal shear frequencies and normal impact force amplitudes have little influence on the changing pattern of k for the cyclic shear tests. The tests of this study provide useful data in understanding the frictional behavior of the CCBP under distinct loadings, and these findings are very important for analyzing the stability of the jointed geotechnical structures under complicated in situ stress conditions.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.165-170
• /
• 2010

In this study, the most stable portion was identified using 5% moving window during /a/ sustained phonation in normal and pathologic voice signals and the perturbation values were compared between normal and pathologic voices at the mid-point and at the most stable portion using moving window, respectively. The results revealed that some severe pathologic voice signals can be eligible for perturbation analysis by identifying the most stable portion with Err less than 10. In addition, the perturbation acoustic parameters did not differentiate the pathologic voice signals from the normal voice signals when the mid-point was selected to measure the perturbation analysis(p>0.05). However, significantly higher %shimmer and lower SNR values were observed in pathologic voices (p<0.05) when the most stable portion was selected by moving window. In conclusion, moving window could identify the most stable portion objectively which can allow toget the minimum perturbation values (%jitter, %shimmer) and maximum SNR values. Thus, moving window technique can be applicable for more reliable and accurate perturbation acoustic analysis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.219-224
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to examine the prognosis of canine pyometra after surgical treatment in terms of their clinical indications, hematology and serum chemistry. A total of 20 bitches diagnosed as pyometra after physical examination was hospitalized at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul National University, during the period of 1998 to 1999. After examining all profiles, ovariohysterectomy was performed to treat pyometra. All bitches had clinical symptoms of general depression, polyuria/polydipsia, anorexia and abdominal distension. In hematologic profiles, 65% of bitches had higher level of leukocyte count compared with normal level, but RBC and PCV values maintained within the normal ranges in most pyometric bitches. In serum chemistry profiler, ALT and ALP values were increased over the normal range, and BUN and creatine values were higher than normal ranges only in 10(50%) and 3 bitches (15%), respectively. Survival rate after ovariohisterectomy was 90% (18/20), but bitches that had higher ALT, ALP, BUN, creatine and potassium than normal values were died after surgical treatment. The results of this clinical investigation show that the recovery of pyometric bitches after ovariohysterectomy can be prognosed by hematologic and serum profiles including ALT, ALP, BUN, creatinine and potassium.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.247-254
• /
• 2007

This study was performed to identify the normal anatomic orientation of pulmonary arteries and to obtain the normal baseline parameters and the optimal contrast material delivery methods of computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) on normal beagle dogs. Based on the contrast injection flow rate, the contrast volume, and the administration methods, the experimental groups were divided into 4 groups such as group 1 : 2 ml/s, 3 ml/kg, and monophasic administration; group 2 : 5 ml/s, 3 ml/kg, and monophasic administration; group 3 : 5 ml/s, 4 ml/kg, and monophasic administration; group 4 : 5 ml/s and 2 ml/kg in first phase, 0.3 ml/s and 2 ml/kg in second phase, as biphasic administration. Normal anatomic orientation of pulmonary arteries in CTPA was evaluated through reformatted and 3D images after retro-reconstruction. Normal parameters for great arteries and peripheral pulmonary arteries were obtained on the factor of basement hounsfield unit (HU) values, contrast enhanced HU values, delay time, and peak time. And the optimal contrast delivery methods were evaluated on the factor of contrast enhanced HU values, image quality, and artifact. The monophasic administration with 5 ml/s contrast injection flow rate and 3 ml/kg contrast volume was optimal in canine CTPA.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.371-376
• /
• 1984

This study was conducted to determine the normal values for chemical components of blood serum were determined or normal 10 males and 10 females of Korean Native Ogolgyes, l82 days. The measured mean values, standard deviation and ranges of blood glucose,

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.166-172
• /
• 1997

Background : For example, aerodynamic study, vibratory study, acoustic study, neuro-muscular test and psychoacoustic evaluation, a number of objective methods are now available for assessing pathologic voice change. They help to differentiate pathologic condition from normal condition and to monitor pathologic and aging change. These laboratory analyses are used commonly to monitor speech therapy and to follow a patient's recovery after surgery. Objectives : We investigated the values of jitter, shimmer and NNE of normal person and hoarseness patients in Korea. The values of Jitter and shimmer might be meaningful parameters distinguishing pathologic vibration from normal and recovery after surgery. Materials and Methods : Statistical significance between normal control and 48 subjects taken microlaryngeal surgery were compared with Dr. speech science program that is computerized system for acoustic analysis of voice production employed to determine vocal characteristics of pitch perturbation(jitter) and amplitude perturbation(shimmer). Results : The mean normal values of jitter and shimmer were 0.226${\pm}$0.110(%), 2.200${\pm}$0.421(%) in male and 0.164${\pm}$0.060(%), 2.063 ${\pm}$0.575(%) in female. In patients with vocal nodule, the preoperative and postoperative values of jitter and shimmer were valueless. In patients with vocal polyps, the preoperative and postoperative values of jitter and shimmer were valuable. Conclusion : Dr. speech science program was effective to monitor laryngeal disease and aging changes.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this article is to present the acoustic parameters (VOT, jitter, shimmer, vF0, vAm, NHR, SPI, VTI, DVB, DSH) for consonants (/pipi/, /$p^{h}ip^{h}i$/, /p'ip'i/) and sustained vowels (/a/, /e/, /i/) produced by normal subjects and dysphonia patients at two vocal effort(normal, high) by Lombard effect using 60dB white noise. Lombard effect indicates the vocal effort increase in noisy situation. At normal vocal effort, in general the acoustic parameter values of patients are greater than normal. And in noisy situation, significant decrease of acoustic values is seen in normal compared with in dysphonia patients. The clinical implication of this finding, the vocal quality in dysphonia is not compensated by vocal effort as well as normal subjects because of the inefficiency caused by abnormal vocal fold appearance and function. And with this result, we can counsel that the voice quality can not be improved as well as the patient expect.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.439-450
• /
• 1990

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Aloe vera administration(500mg/kg. B.W., s.i.d., P.O.) on hematology, blood chemical values and histopathological changes of spleen in cobalt-60 gamma Irradiated mice. 1. Total leucocyte counts of aloe administered groups were less decreased and more rapidly returned to normal level than those of control group. 2. Lymphocyte counts were rapidly decreased on the 1st day after irradiation in all experimental groups, but the counts were less decreased in aloe administered groups than those of control group. 3. Erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin values and hematocrit values of aloe administered groups were maintained within normal level, but these values showed lower values on the 14th day after irradiation in control group then returned to normal level on the 21th day after irradiation. 4. There were no differences between aloe administered groups and control group In LDH, SGOT and glucose values. 5. Histopathological changes of spleen in aloe administered groups showed less lymphocytic necrosis and depletion than those of control group.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.925-936
• /
• 2009

There very many approaches to impute missing values in the iid. case. However, it is hardly found the imputation techniques in the Markov random field(MRF) case. In this paper, we show that the imputation under MRF is just to impute by fitting the normal mixture model(NMM) under several practical assumptions. Our multivariate normal mixture model based approaches under MRF is applied to impute the missing pixel values of 3-variate (R, G, B) color image, providing a technique to smooth the imputed values.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 1985

In order to obtain the basic data of the movements of the mandible for orthodontic treatment and gnathosurgery of cleft individuals, the ranges and shapes of the movements of the mandible were measured in frontal, sagittal, and horizontal view with Saphon Visi-Trainer CII, in 19 adult cleft lip and palate individuals. The subjects included 5 BCLP, 9 UCLP, and 5 CLA patients. The measurements were compared with the values of normal individuals reported by Kang 1. Frontal view. The mean values for maximal laterotrusion were almost the same as those previously reported for the normal individuals. Mandibular deviation in maximal opening was usually toward the right, while it was mainly toward the left in normal individuals. Typical shield was formed only in the CLA group. 2. Sagittal view; The mean value for maximal protrusion was not different from that of normal group and antero-posterior deviation showed a significant difference. The angle of maximal protrusion and horizontal plane was less than that of normal group. 3. Horizontal view; The mean values for maximal laterotrusion and protrusion were not different from those of the normal group. The angle of the laterotrusion and horizontal plane was larger in the left and smaller in the right.