• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.95-110
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• 2010

Two-dimensional elastic contact problems, including normal, tangential, and rolling contacts, are treated with the finite element method in this study. Stress boundary conditions and kinematic conditions are transformed into multiple point constraints for nodal displacements in the finite element method. Upon imposing these constraints into the finite element system equations, the calculated nodal stresses and nodal displacements satisfy stress and displacement contact conditions exactly. Frictional and frictionless contacts between elastically identical as well as elastically dissimilar materials are treated in this study. The contact lengths, sizes of slip and stick regions, the normal and the shear stresses can be found.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2002

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expressing neurons are distributed widely throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. Due to its distribution and pharmacological studies, CGRP has been implicated to be involved in anxiety, fear and depression. In this study, ${\alpha}CGRP-knockout$ mice were used to assess the consequences of removing this neuropeptide to the mice behaviors. ${\alpha}CGRP-knockout$ mice performed equally as well as wild type mice in the light-dark transition test and in the elevated plus maze test of anxiety. ${\alpha}CGRP-null$ mice behaved similarly as wild-type mice in the Porsolt swim test of depression. They also exhibited normal learning and memory in the fear conditioning tasks. It is concluded that ${\alpha}CGRP$ is not essential for mice to be able to perform these tests, despite the presence of ${\alpha}CGRP$ in the relevant regions of the brain.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.108-112
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• 1990

It was confirmed that extracts of some plants were used in folklore medicine as hypoglycemic agents. Of these plants is Azadirachta indica ("neem") which grows in tropical regions. The present study deals with biochemical effects of the "neem" leaf water extract given orally to experimental aminals, especially the hypoglycemic characteristics. Normals as well as alloxan diabetic rats have been used in this work. The results showed that the "neem" leaf extract produced some hypoglycemia in normal rats when given in two doses, while in diabetic rats there was a decrease in blood sugar, but it could not alleviate the diabetic in body weight loss and high percentage mortality, especially with a high dose. It was observed increased with concomitant decrease in the liver fat as compared to normal levels. There was also a drop in liver proteins which was dose-related. The results were compared wiht those obtained with an oral hypoglycemic drug (Glibenclamide).glycemic drug (Glibenclamide).

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.105.1-105
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• 2001

In this paper, a technique is described for classifying normal cases and abnormal cases in automatic spinal deformity detection by computer based on moire topographic images of human backs. Displacement is evaluated statistically between the middle line extracted from the entire moire image and the middle line obtained from a small rectangle area defined on the moire image. The middle line is calculated employing a developed potential symmetry analysis technique. The displacement is calculated in several regions and the mean and the standard deviation of the displacement values are chosen as two features. A linear discriminant function (LDF) is defined on the 2-D feature space based on the Mahalanobis distance and the features are classified into two categories, i.e., normal and ...

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.917-919
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• 2003

This paper demonstrates that RADARSAT ScanSAR data can be an important data source of radar remote sensing for monitoring crop systems and estimation of rice yield for large areas in tropic and sub-tropical regions. Experiments were carried out to show the effectiveness of RADARSAT ScanSAR data for rice yield estimation in whole province of Guangdong, South China. A methodology was developed to deal with a series of issues in extracting rice information from the ScanSAR data, such as topographic influences, levels of agro-management, irregular distribution of paddy fields and different rice cropping systems. A model was provided for rice yield estimation based on the relationship between the backscatter coefficient of multi-temporal SAR data and the biomass of rice.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.580-587
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• 2019

In this paper, a plane detection method using depth information is proposed. 3-D characteristics of a pixel are defined as a direction and length of a normal vector whose is calculated from a plane consisting of a local region centered on the pixel. Image coordinates of each pixel are transformed to 3-D coordinates in order to obtain the local planes. Regions of each plane are detected by calculating similarity of the 3-D characteristics. The similarity of the characteristics consists of direction and distance similarities of normal vectors. If the similarity of the characteristics between two adjacent pixels is enough high, the two pixels are regarded as consisting of same plane. Simulation results show that the proposed method using the depth picture is more accurate for detecting plane areas than the conventional method.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.76.2-76.2
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• 2019

Shells in early-type galaxies are low surface brightness tidal debris, which are wide concentric arcs of overdense stellar regions with large opening angles. The most widely accepted mechanism today for shell formation is the merger scenario, but the dominant merger type producing shells is not clearly understood yet: major/minor and wet/dry mergers. Since shells are regarded as smoking-gun evidence of merging events, detailed understanding of shell galaxies is very useful to constrain the formation process of early-type galaxies. In this study, we investigate the metallicity gradients of eight early-type shell galaxies using CALIFA IFU data to better understand the nature and origins of galaxy shells. We estimate simple stellar population properties out to three effective radius from the measurement of Lick/IDS absorption line indices. We compare the metallicity gradients of shell galaxies with those of normal early-type galaxies in the same mass range. In this presentation, we discuss how much the gradients of shell galaxies are different from those of normal early-type galaxies and what the existence of galaxy shells implies about galaxy formation.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2021

Speech and language functions are highly cognitive and human-specific features. The underlying causes of normal speech and language function are believed to reside in the human brain. Developmental persistent stuttering, a speech and language disorder, has been regarded as the most challenging disorder in determining genetic causes because of the high percentage of spontaneous recovery in stutters. This mysterious characteristic hinders speech pathologists from discriminating recovered stutters from completely normal individuals. Over the last several decades, several genetic approaches have been used to identify the genetic causes of stuttering, and remarkable progress has been made in genome-wide linkage analysis followed by gene sequencing. So far, four genes, namely GNPTAB, GNPTG, NAGPA, and AP4E1, are known to cause stuttering. Furthermore, thegeneration of mouse models of stuttering and morphometry analysis has created new ways for researchers to identify brain regions that participate in human speech function and to understand the neuropathology of stuttering. In this review, we aimed to investigate previous progress, challenges, and future perspectives in understanding the genetics and neuropathology underlying persistent developmental stuttering.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.756-766
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• 2023

To effectively track the illegal use of digital images and maintain the security of digital image communication on the Internet, this paper proposes a reversible multipurpose image watermarking algorithm based on a deep residual network (ResNet) and perceptual hashing (also called MWR). The algorithm first combines perceptual image hashing to generate a digital fingerprint that depends on the user's identity information and image characteristics. Then it embeds the removable visible watermark and digital fingerprint in two different regions of the orthogonal separation of the image. The embedding strength of the digital fingerprint is computed using ResNet. Because of the embedding of the removable visible watermark, the conflict between the copyright notice and the user's browsing is balanced. Moreover, image authentication and traitor tracking are realized through digital fingerprint insertion. The experiments show that the scheme has good visual transparency and watermark visibility. The use of chaotic mapping in the visible watermark insertion process enhances the security of the multipurpose watermark scheme, and unauthorized users without correct keys cannot effectively remove the visible watermark.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.829-832
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• 1975

The authors have observed four cases of supernumerary teeth on the upper molar regions. The characteristics were as follow : 1. The sites of the supernumerary teeth were different on the right and left sides in female patietn. 2. The paramolar teeth were smaller than the normal molar teeth. 3. The extracted paramolar teeth had a sigle root and curved mesially.