Browse > Article

Normal Anxiety, Fear and Depression-related Behaviors in Mice Lacking ${\alpha}-Calcitonin$ Gene-Related Peptide  

Lee, Jong-Ho (Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University)
Publication Information
The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology / v.6, no.6, 2002 , pp. 299-304 More about this Journal
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expressing neurons are distributed widely throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. Due to its distribution and pharmacological studies, CGRP has been implicated to be involved in anxiety, fear and depression. In this study, ${\alpha}CGRP-knockout$ mice were used to assess the consequences of removing this neuropeptide to the mice behaviors. ${\alpha}CGRP-knockout$ mice performed equally as well as wild type mice in the light-dark transition test and in the elevated plus maze test of anxiety. ${\alpha}CGRP-null$ mice behaved similarly as wild-type mice in the Porsolt swim test of depression. They also exhibited normal learning and memory in the fear conditioning tasks. It is concluded that ${\alpha}CGRP$ is not essential for mice to be able to perform these tests, despite the presence of ${\alpha}CGRP$ in the relevant regions of the brain.
Keywords
CGRP; Mouse; Behavior; Anxiety; Fear; Depression;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By SCOPUS : 0
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Amara SG, Arriza JL, Leff SE, Swanson LW, Evans RM, Rosenfeld MG. Expression in brain of a messenger RNA encoding a novel neuropeptide homologous to alcitonin gene-related peptide. Science 229: 1094－1097, 1985   DOI   PUBMED
2 Brain SD, Williams TJ, Tippins JR, Morris HR, MacIntyre I. Calcitonin gene-related peptide is a potent vasodilator. Nature 313: 54－56, 1985   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Kelly MA, Rubinstein M, Phillips TJ, Lessov CN, Burkhart-Kasch S, Zhang G, Bunzow JR, Fang Y, Gerhardt GA, Grandy DK, Low MJ. Locomotor activity in D2 dopamine receptor-deficient mice is determined by gene dosage, genetic background, and developmental adaptations. J Neurosci 18: 3470－3479, 1998   PUBMED
4 LeDoux J. Emotional networks and motor control: a fearful view. Prog Brain Res 107: 437－446, 1996   DOI   PUBMED
5 Pellow S, Chopin P, File SE, Briley M. Validation of open:closed arm entries in an elevated plus-maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat. J Neurosci Methods 14: 149－167, 1985   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Phillips TJ, Hen R, Crabbe JC. Complications associated with genetic background effects in research using knockout mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 147: 5－7, 1999   DOI   PUBMED
7 Poore LH, Helmstetter FJ. The effects of central injections of calcitonin gene-related peptide on fear-related behavior. Neurobiol Learn Mem 66: 241－245, 1996   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Porsolt RD, Bertin A, Jalfre M. Behavioral despair in mice: a primary screening test for antidepressants. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 229: 327－336, 1977   PUBMED
9 Saria A, Bernatzky G, Humpel C, Haring C, Skofitsch G, Panksepp J. Calcitonin gene-related peptide in the brain. Neurochemical and behavioral investigations. Ann N Y Acad Sci 657: 164－169, 1992   DOI   PUBMED
10 Takami K, Hashimoto K, Uchida S, Tohyama M, Yoshida H. Effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide on the cyclic AMP level of isolated mouse diaphragm. Jpn J Pharmacol 42: 345－350, 1986   DOI   PUBMED
11 Threadgill DW, Dlugosz AA, Hansen LA, Tennenbaum T, Lichti U, Yee D, LaMantia C, Mourton T, Herrup K, Harris RC, et al. Targeted disruption of mouse EGF receptor: effect of genetic background on mutant phenotype. Science 269: 230－234, 1995   DOI   PUBMED
12 Kruger L, Mantyh PW, Sternini C, Brecha NC, Mantyh CR. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the rat central nervous system: patterns of immunoreactivity and receptor binding sites. Brain Res 463: 223－244, 1988   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Plaznik A, Kostowski W. The effects of antidepressants and electroconvulsive shocks on the functioning of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system: a behavioral study. Eur J Pharmacol 135: 389 －396, 1987   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Sigrist S, Franco-Cereceda A, Muff R, Henke H, Lundberg JM, Fischer JA. Specific receptor and cardiovascular effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide. Endocrinology 119: 381－389, 1986   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Blanchard RJ, Blanchard DC. Crouching as an index of fear. J Comp Physiol Psychol 67: 370－375, 1969   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Tarantino LM, Gould TJ, Druhan JP, Bucan M. Behavior and mutagenesis screens: the importance of baseline analysis of inbred strains. Mamm Genome 11: 555－564, 2000   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Firth KF, Pipkin FB. Human alpha- and beta-calcitonin generelated peptides are vasodilators in human chorionic plate vasculature. Am J Obstet Gynecol 161:1318－1319, 1989   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
18 Lenz HJ, Mortrud MT, Rivier JE, Brown MR. Central nervous system actions of calcitonin gene-related peptide on gastric acid secretion in the rat. Gastroenterology 88: 539－544, 1985   DOI   PUBMED
19 Skofitsch G, Jacobowitz DM. Quantitative distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the rat central nervous system. Peptides 6:1069－1073, 1985   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Crawley J, Goodwin FK Preliminary report of a simple animal behavior model for the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 13: 167－170, 1980   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Mathe AA, Agren H, Lindstrom L, Theodorsson E. Increased concentration of calcitonin gene-related peptide in cerebrospinal fluid of depressed patients. A possible trait marker of major depressive disorder. Neurosci Lett 182: 138－142, 1994   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Hwang BH, Kunkler PE, Lumeng L, Li TK. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) content and CGRP receptor binding sites in discrete forebrain regions of alcohol-preferring vs. -nonpreferring rats, and high alcohol-drinking vs. low alcohol-drinking rats. Brain Res 690: 249－253, 1995   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
23 Crabbe JC, Wahlsten D, Dudek BC. Genetics of mouse behavior: interactions with laboratory environment. Science 284: 1670－ 1672, 1999   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
24 Lu JT, Son YJ, Lee J, Jetton TL, Shiota M, Moscoso L, Niswender KD, Loewy AD, Magnuson MA, Sanes JR, Emeson RB. Mice lacking alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide exhibit normal cardiovascular regulation and neuromuscular development. Mol Cell Neurosci 14: 99－120, 1999   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Blumstein LK, Crawley JN. Further characterization of a simple, automated exploratory model for the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 18: 37－40, 1983   PUBMED
26 Marcos P, Covenas R, Narvaez JA, Diaz-Cabiale Z, Aguirre JA, Tramu G, Gonzalez-Baron S. Immunohistochemical mapping of enkephalins, NPY, CGRP, and GRP in the cat amygdala. Peptides 20: 635－644, 1999   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Deutch AY, Roth RH. Calcitonin gene-related peptide in the ventral tegmental area: selective modulation of prefrontal cortical dopamine metabolism. Neuroscience Letters 74: 169－174, 1987   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Beglinger C, Born W, Munch R, Kurtz A, Gutzwiller JP, Jager K, Fischer JA. Distinct hemodynamic and gastric effects of human CGRP I and II in man. Peptides 12: 1347－1351, 1991   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Aiyar N, Rand K, Elshourbagy NA, Zeng Z, Adamou JE, Bergsma DJ, Li Y. A cDNA encoding the calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor. J Biol Chem 271: 11325－11329, 1996   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Veasey SC, Valladares O, Fenik P, Kapfhamer D, Sanford L, Benington J, Bucan M. An automated system for recording and analysis of sleep in mice. Sleep 23: 1025－1040, 2000   PUBMED
31 Kocorowski LH, Helmstetter FJ. Calcitonin gene-related peptide released within the amygdala is involved in Pavlovian auditory fear conditioning. Neurobiol Learn Mem 75: 149－163, 2001   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Handley SL, Mithani S. Effects of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists in a maze-exploration model of 'fear'-motivated behaviour. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 327: 1－5, 1984   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Dumont Y, Fournier A, St-Pierre S, Quirion R. A potent and selective CGRP2 agonist, [Cys(Et)2,7]hCGRP alpha: comparison in prototypical CGRP1 and CGRP2 in vitro bioassays. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 75: 671－676, 1997   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Crabbe JC, Phillips TJ, Feller DJ, Hen R, Wenger CD, Lessov CN, Schafer GL Elevated alcohol consumption in null mutant mice lacking 5-HT1B serotonin receptors. Nat Genet 14: 98－101, 1996   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Kapas S, Clark AJ. Identification of an orphan receptor gene as a type 1 calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 217: 832－838, 1995   DOI   ScienceOn