• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 1989

Treatment of mice with 0.04% anthranilic acid (AnA) as drinking water resulted in an apparent stimulation of pup's growth and food intake of mothers in their first lactations associated with an increased rearing rate and no alteration in plasma prolactin level. AnA showed no significant effects on the day of vaginal opening, the pattern of estrous cycles, plasma growth hormone level and endocrine organ weights of the female and male offspring. The growth of male offspring was significantly retarded by AnA, however, their reproductivity was quite normal. The results indicate the AnA can simulate lactation of mice through little modulation of endocrine systems.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2002

Earlier breeding experiments undertaken at Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore, India since a decade had resulted in the development of many productive and qualitatively superior bivoltine hybrids. However, the hot climatic conditions of tropics prevailing particularly in summer are not conducive to rear these high yielding bivoltine hybrids. This has necessitated breeding of compatible bivoltine hybrids for year-round rearing. Accordingly, the Japanese hybrid, B2Ol ${\times}$ BCS12 which was found to be tolerant to high temperature was used as breeding resource material. Following hybridization and selection rearing of silkworms was taken up in SERICATRON (Environmental chamber with precise and automatic control facilities for uniform maintenance of temperature and humidity) at high temperature of $36{\times}1^{\circ}C$ and 85${\times}$5% RH in fifth instar and the control batches at $25{\times}1^{\circ}C$ and 65{\times}$5% RH. Directional selection was resorted to the batches reared at 36$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ till F$_{5}$ keeping pupation rate as important selection criteria. From $F_{2}% onwards the experiment was modified in such a way as to conduct normal rearing every alternate generation to regain the lost vitality due to continuous exposure to high temperature and high humidity stress. At $F_{2}$ , Oval and dumb-bell cocoons were separated out and designated as CSR18 and CSR19, respectively. By utilizing these lines at $F_{12}$, the hybrid CSR18$\times$CSR19 was prepared and studied for the thermotolerance by subjecting to stress condition at high temperature of 36$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ and 85$\pm$5% RH in fifth instar and the control batches at $25{\times}1^{\circ}C$ and 65${\times}$5% RH. The better performance of CSR18${\times}$CSR19 (survival > 88%) at $36{\times}1^{\circ}C$ clearly indicates the general superiority of CSR18${\times}$CSR19 with regard to high temperature tolerance over the productive hybrids and CSR18$\times$CSR19 can perform well in varied agro-climatic conditions of the tropics with optimum qualitative and quantitative characteristics.s.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 1995

Jicon scallop (Chlamys farreri), as one of new culture species, has been taken a growing interest in Korea recently. Artificial seeds are needed since seeds in natural waters are absolutely short. To develop the better methods for the artificial spawning and the rearing larvae on a large scale, experiments were carried out from July 1993 to May 1994. Mother shells were collected from the area near Tong-yeong and Geoje-do, the southern part of the Korean Penninsula. It was estimated that a period of 2-years was needed to be mother shells after the fertilization. Generally, spawning occourred intermittently from March to August and the maximum occurred in July. A best way for the artificial spawning was a chemical incentive, a 'serotonin injection' in parallel with the exposure and the temperature stimulation. Densities of the fertilized eggs for the normal development was from 30 to 40 per mililiter. It took 27-days from the fertilization to the settling larva averaging $155{\mu}m$ in size with water temperature 11.5\~13.0^{\circ}C$. Isochrysis galvana and Chaetoceros calcitrans with a density of $1,500\times10^4$ cells per ililiter were supplied for rearing the larvae. A proper density of larvae was 10 individuals per mililiter, and the survival rate of larvae from the flowing water system was much better than that of larvae from the still water.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 1975

For developing the therapeutic agents to be administered orally for treating certain silkworm diseases and applying them to clinical conditions, vehicles suitable for the agents are needed. The author presumed that Lactose, Casein, and Urea, respectively, have an effectiveness as the vehicle. A series of experiments were carried out on these substances for conforming the applicability of the vehicles at the silkworm rearing house of the College of Agriculture, at Seoul National University during the spring silkworm rearing season of 1974 and the spring and autumn seasons of 1975. The author recognized, Lactose, Casein, and Urea, when put on the mulberry leaves in a powdered form, are eaten along with the leaves by silkworm. Thus, the systemic administration of them to silkworms are possible. The author administered these individual substances orally to silkworm larvae in doses of l0mg., 30mg., 50mg., and 100mg. per gram of the body weight of the silkworm larvae at intervals of once a day, once every two days, and once every three days for 15 days. This was carried out from the first day of the fourth instar to just before mounting. The influences of these substances on the growth of silkworm larvae and the cocoons made by the larvae were observed. The author found out after completing the experiment that Lactose had no effect on growth and cocoon formation. This was observed in all cases. Casein inhibited the growth of silkworms except in the case of administered doses of once every third day in whick the growth and the cocoons were normal but the administration of the agent brought considerably large numbers of abnormal cocoons in every case. Urea inhibited both the growth and the formation of tile cocoons in most cases. For the confirmation of the clinical effectiveness as the vehicles for some therapeutic agents, the three substances, Lactose, Casein, and Urea, will be investigated more closely for the mixing amounts needed and other pertinent data.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.234-242
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• 2007

We examined the cause of albinism in a hatchery population of flounder in terms of environmental and nutritional factors, including the effects of light intensity (130-12,300 lux), photoperiod (12L/12D or 24L/0D), tank substrate (concrete or fiber-reinforced polymer), tank color (white or dark green) and supplement with enriched live food, and also compared the growth of normal and albino fry under both 12L/12D and 24L/0D. Further to, normalization of the skin pigmentation pattern on the ocular side has been juvestigated after rearing the albino fry for 2 years after their identification and classification and found that, light intensity did not play a critical role in the development of normal pigmentation or albinism in the flounder. By contrast, the photoperiod was a weak inducer of albinism in the flounder. Tank substrate and color also affected the hypomelanosis on the ocular side of the flounder fry. The choice and supplementation of enriched live foods could drastically reduce the incidence of albinos in hatcheries. On comparing the growth of normal and albino fry, while there was no difference between the groups under 24L/0D, the growth of the albino flounder was slower under 12L/12D. Although coloration resulting from xanthophore and melanophore, but not iridophores, occurred on the ocular side, evidence of albinism remained on the ocular side of flounders.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.668-680
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to contribute to family nursing for reducing stress and improving coping of the parents of mentally retarded children. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires during a period of 2 months between November 1994 and January 1995 in the Kyoung-in area. The subjects consist of 180 parents (90 mothers and 90 fathers) of mentally retarded children attending schools for the handicapped and 186 parents (93 mothers and 93 fathers) of normal children. The levels of general stress and of parental role stress were measured with the General stress scale and the Parental role stress scale, respectively, while the Coping scale was adopted to measure the level of coping. The data were analyzed by using Chi-square test. fisher's exact test, Repeated masured ANOVA, oneway ANOVA and Scheffe comparison test. The results were as follows ; 1. The level of general stress was significantly higher in the mothers and the fathers of the men-tally retarded than in the respective parents of the normal. Of the parents, the mothers experienced significantly greater level of general stress than the fathers did in both groups of the retarded and of the normal. 2. As for the parental role stress, the mothers and the fathers of the mentally retarded experienced significantly greater stress than respective parents of normal children did. In particular, the stress was significantly higher in the mothers than the fathers of these children in both groups. The difference in the levels of parental role stress experienced by mothers and by fathers was significantly bigger among those of the mentally retarded tnan among those of normal children. 3. No significant difference in the level of coping was observed between the mothers of both groups and the fathers of both groups. By contrast, the fathers revealed significantly greater scores in coping than the mothers in both groups. 4. General stress experienced by the fathers of the mentally retarded was different by health status, satisfaction with spouses, and the supports from their spouses. Health status, satisfaction with spouses, and monthly income Influenced parental role stress experienced by those fathers. Their level of coping was associated with their satis-faction with spouses and family life. 5. Of the mothers of the mentally retarded, the level of general stress was different by their health status, while parental role stress was related to the satisfaction with their spouses and the child's age. The level of coping among the mothers was different by the supports from their spouses. The above findings indicate that those parents of the mentally retarded did not take more coping strategies than those of the normal did, despite greater stress experienced among themselves. Hence, nursing intervention for managing stress should be given to those parents including fathers of mentally retarded children. Mothers of the mentally retarded, in particular, should receive high priority in planning nursing care, since they experience greater levels of both general stress and parental role stress than their spouses, which is most likey due to primary responsibility in child rearing given to them at home.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.227-246
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• 1994

Present investigations were undertaken in order to clarify the clinical status of Korean native cattle and dairy cattle(holstein). Blood, Feces and urine samples were collected from 247 Korean native cattle(222 adult and 25 calf), 224 dairy cattle(211 adult and 13 calf) at Chonbuk area and analyzed for clinical, serum chemical, hematological and urinary findings. In addition, we were examined the infection rate of Theileriosis, internal patasite and ring worm. The mean value for each component was calculated by statistical analysis using Excel computer program. From these investigations the following results were obtained. The mean values for RBC, PCV and etc in 433 adult cow(Korean native cattle and dairy cattle) were similar with other reports. But the mean values for MCHC of all species were lower than normal. Adult Korean native cattle and adult dairy cattle which showed hematologically normal levels were only 9.01% and 9.48%, respectively. Ahnormally high values for PCV, RBC and Hb were recorded in 7.66% of adult Korean native cattle, 20% of Korean native calf, 15.38% of dairy calf. Adult Korean native cattle and adult dairy cattle which showed hematologically anemia were 4.95% and 19.43% respectively, but all in Korean native calf and dairy calf showed normal values. Adult Korean native cattle, adult dairy cattle, Korean native calf and dairy calf which showed normal serum protein level were 84.0%, 90.8%, 50% and 44.4%, respectively. In present investigations, 50% of Korean native calf and 55.6% of dairy calf were decreased serum protein values under normal range. These abnormally decreased serum protein values mean the shortage of antibody, and these have a possibility to occrus to pneumonia and diarrhea. From these results, the economical loss caused by pneumonia was calculated as 124, 038, 833 won in the KNC and 742, 703, 430 won in the dairy calf rearing in Chonbuk area. Calculated economical loss caused by enteritis was 56, 658, 690 won in Korean native cattle. 476, 775, 799 won in dairy calf and the total loss amount to 533, 434, 488 won in Chonbuk area. Abnormally high values($21.7{\pm}4.0mg/dl) for serum calcium were recorded 49.6% in dairy cattle. The mean values of serum total cholesterol were $170.8{\pm}99.8mg/dl in Korean native cattle, $196.0{\pm}40.6mg/dl$ in Korean native calf, $202.9{\pm}86.0mg/dl$ in adult dairy cattle and $289.4{\pm}97.5mg/dl$ in dairy calf. The infection rate of internal parasite were as follows； adult Korean native cattle：21.2%, Korean native calf：80%, adult dairy cattle：67.8%. The estimated economical loss caused by internal parasites infection were 1, 120, 855, 837 won in Korean native calf, 4, 994, 959, 405 won in adult Korean native cattle, 3, 334, 751, 066 won in adult holstein, and the total loss amount to 9, 450, 566, 308 won. The infection rate of theileriosis were 1.4% in Korean native cattle and 6.6% in dairy cattle. The presumed Economical loss by T. sergenti infection were 154, 408, 482 won in Korean native cattle and 171, 577, 237 won in dairy cattle rearing at Chonbuk area. The infection rat of ringworm were 0.5% in Korean native cattle, 0.9% in adult dairy cattle and 7.7% in dairy calf. The presumed economical loss by dermatomycophyte were 12, 061, 532 won in Korean native cattle, 16, 895, 403 won in dairy cattle, and the total estimated loss amount to 28, 955, 935 won a year in Chonbuk area. The infection rate of ringworm were 0. 5% in Korean native cattle, 0.9% in adult dairy cattle and 7.7% in dairy calf. The presumed economical loss by dermatomycophyte were 12, 061, 532 won in Korean native cattle, 16, 895, 403 won in dairy cattle, and the total estimated loss amount to 28, 955, 935 won a year in Chonbuk area.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.255-259
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• 2021

This is the first report describing acute mass mortality occurred in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) caused by gas bubble disease (GBD). A total of 610 fish (average weight = 35 g), which were more than half of the fish acclimated at 17℃ in an aquarium, were killed within two days of acclimation. The dead and moribund fish showed excessively opened opercula and mouths, and occasionally, severe exophthalmia. Through microscopic observation, numerous gas emboli were found in the gills of the dead and live fish, while the fish were not infected with any microbial pathogens. The dissolved oxygen (DO) saturation level of the rearing water and seawater nearby the facility reached 145% and 286%, respectively, whereas other water quality parameters (such as salinity, pH, and chemical oxygen demand) were normal. The extreme saturation rate of seawater in the shore nearby seemed to be due to an enormous algal bloom that occurred there. Through molecular identification based on 18S rDNA sequences, the most dominant algal species was most closely related to Ulva californica (99.87% sequence identity) followed by U. prolifera, U. linza, and U. curvata (99.81%). Therefore, it can be concluded that supersaturated seawater due to mass algal bloom caused gas bubble disease in the olive flounder, leading to mass mortality. After technical adjustment, such as increased aeration, lowered water circulation rate, and inlet water filtration using micro-pore carbon filters, the DO level became normal, no further mortality occurred and the status of the fish was stabilized.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.152-160
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• 2008

Purpose: It has been attempted to support mother of premature infants by providing information of premature infant care using e-Learning because premature infants need continuous care from birth to after discharge. Method: The e-Learning Program for mother of premature was developed with Xpert, Namo web editor, Adobe Photoshop, and PowerPoint and applied for 4 weeks from 4 to 30 September 2006. Result: 1) We found that the contents of information which premature infants' need when being in the hospital and after discharge were the definition of a premature infant, orientation of NICU, care of premature infants, care of premature infants' common diseases, the connection of healthcare resources, exchange of information, and the management of rearing stress. 2) The program content consisted of cause of premature birth, comparison to full-term baby, physiology character, orientation of NICU, common health problems, follow up care, infection control, feeding, normal development physically and mentally, weaning method, and vaccination. Conclusion: Considering the results, this program for mother of premature is a useful means to provide premature-care information to mothers. This information can be readily accessible and can be varied and complex enough to be able to help mothers to the information and assistance they require.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 1971

It is very important to make mounting numerous silkworms by their normal growth when considering the sericultural management. There were several studies on the utilization of repellent to the matured silkworms to mounting, studies concerning forcing maturity of silkworms were developed considerably after studies on the insect ecdysis hormone. Commercial named MSH(II) (Inoksterone) similar substance of ecdysterone and DAT repellent (Dodesil alcohl) were used for this study, and the results can be summarized as follows; 1. MSH (II) mixed with the mulberry leaves shown the matured effect on the growth of silkworms and increased amount of MSH (II) shortened the last stage in their growth. 2. MSH (II) mixed with the mulberry leaves when 5% of early matured silkworms appeared were most effective. 3. DAT was hastened their mounting. 4. Utilization of MSH (II) and DAT together were hastened silkworms mounting and those chemicals can be used practically in the silkworm rearing.