• KCID journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2006

Weather station based PET(Potential Evapotrarspiration) analysis has often been inadequate to meet the needs of regional-scale irrigation planning. A map of continuous PET surface would be better a solution for the spatial interpolation considering spatial variations. Using a normal PET data collected at the 54 meteorological stations in Korea, 10-days spatial distribution PET map was created using universal Kriging(UK). These estimation methods were evaluated by both visual assessments of the output maps and the quantitative comparison of error measures that were obtained from the cross validation. The universal Kriging method showed appropriate results in spatial interpolation from weather station based PET to spatial PET with low statistical errors.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.137-142
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• 2019

This paper proposed bitmap based spatial data transmission scheme in need of rapid transmission through network in mobile environment that use and creation of data are frequently happen. Former researches that used clustering algorithms, focused on providing service using spatial data can cause delay since it doesn't consider the transmission speed. This paper guaranteed rapid service for user by convert spatial data to bit, leads to more transmission of bit of MTU, the maximum transmission unit. In the experiment, we compared arithmetically default data composed of 16 byte and spatial data converted to bitmap and for simulation, we created virtual data and compared its network transmission speed and conversion time. Virtual data created as standard normal distribution and skewed distribution to compare difference of reading time. The experiment showed that converted bitmap and network transmission are 2.5 and 8 times faster for each.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.192-195
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• 2020

실제 원단의 소재를 반영한 렌더링은 의류 디자인 단계에서 완성된 옷을 미리 파악하는 좋은 수단 증 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 오픈소스 기반의 원단 렌더링 방법과 실제 원단 재질을 측정하는 장치를 이용하는 실측으로부터 렌더링까지의 프레임워크를 제안한다. 옷감의 재질을 측정하고 렌더링 하는 방법은 두 과정에서 공통된 특정을 파라미터화하여 측정하고 렌더링에 반영하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 렌더링 방법으로 Ray-Tracing이 가능하고 적절한 컴퓨팅 성능을 사용하면서 최적의 렌더링 결과를 얻을 수 있는 nvidia의 오픈소스인 visRTX를 사용하였다. 또한 원단 재질 측정 장치로 렌더링에 반영되는 파라미터인 고해상도 diffuse map과 normal map을 측정하여 렌더링에 반영하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 원단 재질을 측정하고 렌더링하는 프레임워크를 통해서 옷을 디자인하연서 확인할 수 있는 실사 렌더링 결과물을 제공하고 이를 통해 의상 디자인 업계에 큰 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.17-25
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• 2017

Owing to recent climate change, the scale of rainfall tends to increase gradually and the risk of flooding has increased. Therefore, the importance of improving the levee management and disaster response is increasing. Levee management in Korea is carried out at the level of damage recovery after the occurrence of damage. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a technology for predicting and managing the levee safety with proactive river management. In this study, a method to estimate the safety against erosion and overflow was suggested. A map of levee safety that can be used as basic data is presented by displaying the levee safety on the map. The levee erosion safety was calculated as the ratio of the internal and external force for each shore type. The levee overflow safety was calculated as the ratio of the maximum conveyance and design flood. The maximum conveyance was a discharge when the level of the river was equal to the level of the levee crown. The levee safety was classified into 5 grades: very safe, safe, normal, dangerous, and very dangerous. As a research area from downstream of Nam River Dam to Nakdong River Junction, the levee safety against erosion and overflow was estimated for all levees and all cross-sections of the river. The levee safety was displayed on a map using GIS. Through the levee safety map as a result of this study, the levee safety can be observed intuitively. Using the levee safety map, a maintenance plan for a river can be easy to build. This levee safety map can be used to help determine the priority of investment for efficient budget used.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2002

This study was to examine whether the in vitro differentiated neural cells derived from human embryonic stem (hES, MB03) cells can be survived and expressed tyrosin hydroxylase(TH) in grafted normal or PD rat brain. To differentiate in vitro into neural cells, embryoid bodies (EB: for 5 days, without mitogen) were formed from hES cells, neural progenitor cells(neurosphere, for 7-10 days, 20 ng/㎖ of bFGF added N2 medium) were produced from EB, and then finally neurospheres were differentiated into mature neuron cells in N2 medium(without bFGF) for 2 weeks. In normal rat brain, neural progenitor cells or mature neuron cells (1×10/sup 7/ cells/㎖) were grafted to the striatum of normal rats. After 2 weeks, when the survival of grafted hES cells was examined by immunohistochemical analysis, the neural progenitor cell group indicated higher BrdU, NeuN＋, MAP2＋ and GFAP＋ than mature neuron cell group in grafted sites of normal rats. This result demonstrated that the in vivo differentiation of grafted hES cells be increased simultaneously in both of neuronal and glial cell type. Also, neural progenitor cell grafted normal rats expressed more TH pattern than mature neuron cells. Based on this data, as a preliminary test, when the neural progenitor cells were grafted into the striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned PD rats, we confirmed the cell survival (by double staining of Nissl and NeuN) and TH expression. This result suggested that in vitro differentiated neural progenitor cells derived from hES cells are more usable than mature neuron cells for the neural cell grafting in animal model and those grafted cells were survived and expressed TH in normal or PD rat brain.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.386-392
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• 1996

A numerical method based on genetic algorithms was introduced to characterize the grain-size distribution more effectively. This technique was proved significant particularly for multimodal size distributions, as was verified for samples from Korea Strait continental shelf. Sediment samples collected from the Korea Strait continental shelf revealed that $96\%$ of the grain-size distributions were multimodal. Therefore, the use of grain-size parameters was not the ideal method. As an alternative method, the decomposition of sue curves into elementary normal component curves was used. Means and standard deviations of 593 decomposed normal components were calculated by a numerical method from 268 size curves of Korea Strait sediments. The mean values of decomposed normal components showed peaks at $1\~3\phi\;and\;7\~9\phi$ size classes. The plot of mean and standard deviation values of the coarse fraction normal components on the map showed a characteristic areal distribution. The characteristic distribution was found to derive from underlying Pleistocene sediment on the basis of sea bottom geologic distribution of the area. The method of decomposition into normal components was found to be more effective than the analysis using traditional grain-size parameters in investigation of multimodal size distribution of Korea Strait shelf sediment.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.256-261
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• 2018

There are three types of noise generated inside the vehicle: BSR (Buzz, Squeak, Rattle). In this paper, we propose a classifier that automatically classifies automotive BSR noise by using features extracted from deep convolutional neural networks. In the preprocessing process, the features of above three noises are represented as noise-map using STFT (Short-time Fourier Transform) algorithm. In order to cope with the problem that the position of the actual noise is unknown in the part of the generated noise map, the noise map is divided using the sliding window method. In this paper, internal parameter of the deep convolutional neural networks is visualized using the t-SNE (t-Stochastic Neighbor Embedding) algorithm, and the misclassified data is analyzed in a qualitative way. In order to analyze the classified data, the similarity of the noise type was quantified by SSIM (Structural Similarity Index) value, and it was found that the retractor tremble sound is most similar to the normal travel sound. The classifier of the proposed method compared with other classifiers of machine learning method recorded the highest classification accuracy (99.15 %).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.4_1
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• pp.327-333
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• 2014

To improve thermal environments in urban area, the structural characteristic analysis of thermal environments of the certain area should be preceded to analyze and supplement its problems. With Landsat-8, we measured the centrality estimation, the distribution map, and the spatial statistical analysis of Daegu Metropolitan City in January and August, which of data applied in analyzing the structure of thermal environments following to its spatial property. The thermal infrared band of satellite images has been used to analyze the standard normal deviated scores, which extract the centrality, while the cluster map, based upon Local Local Moran's I, has composed for understanding the autocorrelation of local spatial within environment space structure. Understanding the distribution features as well as the pivot center of thermal environments with satellite images provides principle database for updating urban thermal environments' policies and plans; because those are reference materials that should have precedence over for diverse thermal environment policies.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.621-633
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• 2002

This paper provides some functional equations and parametric expressions of f-essential maps on the projective plane, on the torus and on the Klein bottle with the size as a parameter and gives their explicit formulae for exact enumeration further.

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
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• no.7
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• pp.37-39
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• 1998

The Bullock Creek Caves are located adjacent to the usually dry river bed of Bullock Creek, which reaches the sea about a kilometer north of Punakaiki. The caves have been comprehensively written up by Rodgers(l972). Under conditions of normal water flow Bullock Creek submerges where the stream meets limestone on the west side of thier Punakaiki syncline. In flood conditions it overflows the first submergence and progressively floods a series of smaller submergences down valley until it comes to the caves shown on the map. All these with the exception of Wazpretti Cave and Dry Valley Cave are probably more or less flooded during and after heavy rain.(omitted)