• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.225-232
• /
• 1999

This study presents 1-dimensional simple model for sheet casting or rectangular fiber spinning process. In order to achieve this goal, we introduce the concept of force flux balance at the die exit, which assigns for the extensional flow outside the die the initial condition containing the information of shear flow history inside the die. With the Leonov constitutive equation that predicts non-vanishing second normal stress difference in shear flow, we are able to describe the anisotropic swelling behavior of the extrudate at least qualitatively. In other words, the negative value of the second normal stress difference causes thickness swelling much higher than width of extrudate. This result implies the importance of choosing the rheological model in the analysis of polymer processing operations, since the constitutive equation with the vanishing second normal stress difference is shown to exhibit the characteristic of isotropic swelling, that is, the thickness swell ratio always equal to the ratio in width direction.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
• /
• 제5권6호
• /
• pp.615-632
• /
• 2018

Mechanical buckling of a rectangular functionally graded plate is obtained in the current paper using a refined higher-order shear and normal deformation theory. The impact of transverse normal strain is considered. The material properties are microscopically inhomogeneous and vary continuously based on a power law form in spatial direction. Navier's procedure is applied to examine the mechanical buckling behavior of a simply supported FG plate. The mechanical critical buckling subjected to uniaxial and biaxial compression loads are determined. The numerical investigation are compared with the numerical results in the literature. The influences of geometric parameters, power law index and different loading conditions on the critical buckling are studied.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
• /
• 제54권7호
• /
• pp.462-467
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we analyzed normal gait acceleration signal by time series analysis methods. Accelerations were measured during walking using a biaxial accelerometer. Acceleration data were acquired from normal subjects(23 men and one woman) walking on a level corridor of 20m in length with three different walking speeds. Acceleration signals were measured at a sampling frequency of 60Hz from a biaxial accelerometer mounted between L3 and L4 intervertebral area. Each step signal was analyzed using Box-Jenkins method. Most of the differenced normal step signals were modeled to AR(3) and the model didn't show difference for model's orders and coefficients with walking speed. But, tile model showed difference with acceleration signal direction - vertical and lateral. The above results suggested the proposed model could be applied to unit analysis.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
• /
• 제54권11호
• /
• pp.680-688
• /
• 2005

The electrical current generated by heart creates not only electric potential but also a magnetic field. We have observed electrophysiological phenomena of the heart by measuring components of magnetocardiogram(MCG) using 61 channel superconducting quantum interference device(SQUD) system. We have analyzed the possibility and characteristics of MCG parameters for diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. A technique for automatic analysis of MCG signals in time domain was developed. The methods for detecting the position, the interval, the amplitude ratio, and the direction of single current dipole were examined in the MCG wave. The position and interval parameters were obtained by calculating the gradients of a envelope curve which could be formed by the difference between the maximum and minimum envelope of multi-channel MCG signals. We show some differences of the frequency contour map between the normal MCG and the abnormal (ischemic heart disease) MCG. The direction of single current dipole can be defined by rotating the magnetic field according to Biot-Savart's law at each point of MCG signals. In this study, we have examined the direction of single current dipole from searching for the centroids of positive and negative magnetic fields. The amplitude ratio parameters for measuring 57 deviation consisted of A$_{T}$/A$_{R}$ and other ratios. and We developed a new analysis method, which is based on the frequency contour map of electromagnetic field. Using theses parameters, we founded significant differences between normal subjects and ischemic patients in some parameters.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.37-40
• /
• 2008

목적: 전산화단층촬영을 이용하여 한국인 60, 70대의 정상 견갑골 관절와의 크기를 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 견갑골의 손상이 없는 것으로 확인된 상완골 골절에서 시행된 견관절 전산화단층촬영 결과를 대상으로 하였다. 환자는 총 25명으로 남자가 14명, 여자가 11명이었다. 환자의 연령은 62세에서 76세 사이였으며, 평균 연령은 68.8세였다. 사용한 소프트 웨어는 Display workstation version 2.03.73.315 였으며 견관절 관절와의 최대 상하 및 전후방 직경을 측정하였다. 결과: 측정된 견관절 관절와의 최대 상하 직경은 평균 31.2 mm ($27{\sim}34\;mm$)였으며, 최대 전후방 직경은 평균 26.1 mm ($22{\sim}31\;mm$)였다. 결론: 이러한 결과는 다른 국제 학술지의 보고와는 다른 양상으로 국내 환자의 골절 치료 및 인공 관절 모델을 개발하는데 중요한 인자가 될 것으로 보인다.

• 전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제50권5호
• /
• pp.199-207
• /
• 2013

스핀 영상은 3차원 표면의 특징을 효과적으로 표현하기 때문에 3차원 얼굴에서 특징점을 검출하는데 많이 이용된다. 하지만 기존의 스핀 영상은 표면의 법선 벡터 방향에 따라 매우 다른 스핀 영상이 만들어지는 단점이 있다. 또한 해당 영역 내에 존재하는 모든 점을 2차원으로 변환하여 고려하기 때문에 3차원 표면 특징이 모호해질 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 검색 영역을 분할한 스핀 영상을 이용하는 3차원 얼굴 특징점 검출 방법을 제안하였다. 기준점으로부터 떨어진 각도에 따라 검색범위를 분할하여 분할된 영역 내 점들에 대해 스핀 영상을 구성하여 방향에 따른 특징 추출을 극대화했다. 법선 벡터 평탄화를 이용하여 표면 법선 벡터 방향에 대한 잡음 민감성을 줄여 정확한 형태의 스핀 영상을 얻도록 했다. 실험을 통해 제안한 방법으로 찾은 특징점과 실측 특징점과의 거리차를 비교하여 기존방법에 비해 약 34% 향상된 정확도를 얻음을 확인했다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.301-321
• /
• 2016

The objective of this paper is to investigate buckling behavior of composite laminated cylinders by using semi-analytical finite strip method. The shell is subjected to deformation-dependent loads which remain normal to the shell middle surface throughout the deformation process. The load stiffness matrix, which is responsible for variation of load direction, is also throughout the deformation process. The shell is divided into several closed strips with alignment of their nodal lines in the circumferential direction. The governing equations are derived based on the first-order shear deformation theory with Sanders-type of kinematic nonlinearity. Displacements and rotations of the shell middle surface are approximated by combining polynomial functions in the meridional direction and truncated Fourier series along with an appropriate number of harmonic terms in the circumferential direction. The load stiffness matrix, which is responsible for variation of load direction, is also derived for each strip and after assembling, global load stiffness matrix of the shell is formed. The numerical illustrations concern the pressure stiffness effect on buckling pressure under various conditions. The results indicate that considering pressure stiffness causes buckling pressure reduction which in turn depends on various parameters such as geometry and lay-ups of the shell.

• 대한조선학회 특별논문집
• /
• 대한조선학회 2017년도 특별논문집
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 2017

The rolled carbon steel plate has anisotropic property in Z-direction(thickness direction). This is induced by cooling rate difference of Z-direction and sulfur which make non-metallic inclusion(MnS) at center line of thickness direction. Z-directional mechanical properties of normal steel plate are not generally specified and it is defined for Z-Quality steel only through tensile test in Z-direction. If Z-quality steel is not applied for cruciform joint, the lamella tearing will be occurred by tensile stress after welding & during operation of the structure. In this research, one equation estimating Z-directional(orthogonal to plate) stress was developed to prevent lamella tearing by welding. This equation deals with plate thickness & joint configuration(eccentricity, angle and curvature). Analyses were done by strain boundary method using sectional FE modeling and FE 3D models are also used for some cases. Designers can predict the possibility of lamella tearing by adequately applying the result and can appropriately minimize the application of Z-quality steel by revising welding design to some extent.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제36권9호
• /
• pp.887-892
• /
• 1999

The inner crack-like pore with controlled amount of Ca impurity in the high purity alumina single crystal sapphire had been created by micro-fabrication technique which includes ion implanation photo-lithography Ar ion milling and hot press technique. The crack-like pores in two-hour hot pressed specimen were extremely stable even after heat treating at 1,80$0^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours almost no healing was observed. But the crack-like pores in one-hour hot pressed specimen at 1,30$0^{\circ}C$ were healed by heat treatment and the amount of healing was increased with the heat treatment time and temperature and the amount of Ca addition. The edges of crack-like pore parallel to <1100> direction in (001) basal plane were stable but the edges normal to this direction in (00101) plane <1120> direction were unstable to facetting This means that the surface energy of alumina along the <1100> direction in (0001) basal plane in much lower than <1120> direction.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.26-31
• /
• 2021

The spanwise growth of turbulence structures in turbulent pipe flow was investigated using the direct numerical simulation data of Re_𝜏 = 544, 934 and 3008. Two-point correlations and pre-multiplied energy spectra of streamwise velocity fluctuations were examined along the spanwise direction. The arclength direction is defined as r𝛳, which is useful for an analogy with the spanwise direction for channels or boundary layers; here, r and 𝛳 are the radial distance from the core and the azimuthal angles, respectively. Both analyses showed that the arclength scales increased with increasing the wall-normal distance. It showed that the coherent structures were confined in the core region due to the crowding effect of a circular pipe geometry. The pipe flow simulation could describe a realistic geometrical flow along the azimuthal direction, unlike the simulations of turbulent channel or boundary layer flow using periodic boundary conditions along the spanwise direction. The present results provided the spanwise organization of energy-containing motions over a broad range of scales in turbulent pipe flow.