• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.513-518
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• 1998

In this paper, a robust fault-tolerant control scheme for robot manipulators overcoming actuator failures is presented. The joint(or actuator) fault considered in this paper is the free-swinging joint failure and causes the loss of torque on a joint. The presented fault-tolerant control framework includes a normal control with normal(non-failed) operation, a fault detection and a fault-tolerant control to achieve task completion. For both no uncertainty case and uncertainty case, a stable normal con-troller and an on-line fault detection scheme are presented. After the detection and identification of joint failures, the robot manipulator becomes the underactuated robot system with failed actuators. A robust adaptive control scheme of robot manipulators with the detected failed-actuators using the brakes equipped at the failed(passive) joints is proposed in the presence of parametric uncertainty and external disturbances. To illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed fault-tolerant control scheme, simulation results for a three-link planar robot arm with a failed joint are presented.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.582-594
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• 2008

Objective : The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of JinlnWhaChul-tang-ga-wasong (JIN) on NDEA-induced liver tumorigenesis. Materials and Methods : We investigated the possible protective effects of Jininwhachul-tang-ga-wasong (JIN) as an anticancer against NDEA-induced liver injury in mice. Experimental mice were classified into 3 groups; normal, saline administered group (control group), and JIN extract (0.15g/kg/every other day) administered group (JIN group) after being injected with NDEA over 12 weeks. We examined the state of differentiation of these tumors and the effects of JIN after 6 weeks. To confirm the induction of apoptosis, the cells were analyzed by terminal deorynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, acridine orange staining and flow cytometric analysis. To investigate inhibitory effect on the expression of COX-2 by JIN, we performed COX-2 immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results : Body weights significantly decreased in the control and JIN groups compared with the normal group. The levels of cholesterol, hemoglobin and testosterone decreased in the control compared with the normal group. The level of estradiol significantly increased in the control compared with the normal group. The control group reacted with TUNEL assay more than the normal and JIN groups. Upon naked eye, light and electron microscopic examination, JIN improved the morphological and histopathological changes of the liver caused by NDEA-induced hepatic neoplasm. COX-2 immunoreactivity decreased in the JIN group compared with the control group, mRNA expression of the control group was greater than the normal and JIN groups. Conclusion : these results suggest the possibility that JIN may exert an anti-tumor effect on NDEA-induced liver tumorigenesis.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.7-18
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• 1971

The liver function test was performed by means of two radioisotope tracer techniques in 20 normal subjects and in 63 patients with hepatobiliary diseases. The blood disappearance rates of $^{131}I$-rose bengal and of $^{198}Au$ colloid were determined by external counting method. The hepatocellular function and the hepatic blood flow were estimated from the observed data and the results were compared with those of the conventional liver function tests. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean blood disappearance half time of $^{131}I$-rose bengal was $6.6{\pm}0.63$ minutes in normal control, $17.7{\pm}6.93$ in cirrhosis of the liver, $16.6{\pm}4.80$ in acute hepatitis, and $14.7{\pm}3.46$ in obstructive jaundice. It was markedly prolonged in the hepatobiliary diseases as compared with the normal control, but there was no significant difference among the hepatobiliary diseases. 2. The mean blood disappearance half time of $^{198}Au$ colloid was $4.0{\pm}0.66$ minutes in normal control, $9.8{\pm}3.42$ in cirrhosis of the liver, $4.4{\pm}0.82$ in acute hepatitis, and $5.0{\pm}1.42$ in obstructive jaundice. The difference between cirrhosis of the liver and normal control Was statistically significant. However, there was no definite difference among acute hepatitis, obstructive jaundice, and normal control. The mean blood disappearance rate constant (K value) was $0.177{\pm}0.028/minute$ in normal control. In cirrhosis of the liver, it was markedly decreased which was suggestive of the reduced hepatic blood flow. 3. The ratio of $^{131}I$-rose bengal blood disappearance half time to $^{198}Au$ colloid disappearance half time was $1.68{\pm}0.20$ in normal control, $1.82{\pm}0.31$ in cirrhosis of the liver, $3.80{\pm}0.82$ in acute hepatitis, and $3.01{\pm}0.54$ in obstructive jaundice. The ratios in acute hepatitis and obstructive jaundice were remarkably higher than those in normal control and cirrhosis of the liver. 4. There was a significant correlation between the blood disappearance half time of $^{131}I$-rose bengal and that of $^{198}Au$ colloid in cirrhosis of the liver. 5. In cirrhosis of the liver, the blood disappearance half times of $^{131}I$-rose bengal and of $^{198}Au$ colloid were inversely correlated to the serum albumin level. In acute hepatitis, there was a good positive correlation between the blood disappearance half time of $^{131}I$-rose bengal and the serum transaminase activities. In obstructive jaundice, the blood disappearance half time of $^{131}I$-rose bengal was correlated to the serum bilirubin level.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.599-610
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• 2008

It is an important and urgent issue to improve process capability in quality control. Process capability refers to the uniformity of the process. The variability in the process is a measure of the uniformity of output. A simple, quantitative way to express process capability, the degree of variability from target in specification is defined by process capability index(PCI). Almost process capability indices are defined under normal distribution. However, these indices can not be applied to the process of non-normal distribution including reliability. We investigate current research on the process of non-normal distribution, and advanced method and technology for developing more reliable and efficient PCI. Finally we suggest the perspective for future study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.116-122
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• 2016

Recently, the production cycle in manufacturing process has been getting shorter and different types of product have been produced in the same process line. In this case, the control chart using coefficient of variation would be applicable to the process. The theory that random variables are located in the three times distance of the deviation from mean value is applicable to the control chart that monitor the process in the manufacturing line, when the data of process are changed by the type of normal distribution. It is possible to apply to the control chart of coefficient of variation too. ${\bar{x}}$, s estimates that taken in the coefficient of variation have just used all of the data, but the upper control limit, center line and lower control limit have been settled by the effect of abnormal values, so this control chart could be in trouble of detection ability of the assignable value. The purpose of this study was to present the robust control chart than coefficient of variation control chart in the normal process. To perform this research, the location parameter, ${\bar{x_{\alpha}}}$, $s_{\alpha}$ were used. The robust control chart was named Tim-CV control chart. The result of simulation were summarized as follows; First, P values, the probability to get away from control limit, in Trim-CV control chart were larger than CV control chart in the normal process. Second, ARL values, average run length, in Trim-CV control chart were smaller than CV control chart in the normal process. Particularly, the difference of performance of two control charts was so sure when the change of the process was getting to bigger. Therefore, the Trim-CV control chart proposed in this paper would be more efficient tool than CV control chart in small quantity batch production.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.60-70
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• 1998

When driving the expected loss generated by the quality deviation, Taguchi(1991b) assumed that an objective characteristic has the uniform distribution in its control limit. But it is reasonable to assume that an objective characteristic has the normal distribution than the uniform distribution. Since the triangular distribution is similar to the normal distribution and easy to handle as well, in this article, we first find the optimum measurement interval and the optimum control limit under the triangular distribution. Under the normal assumption, the modified method is compared to Taguchi's. Secondly we find the numerical value solution of the optimum measurement interval and the optimum control limit under the normal distribution.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 2023

Disordered eating behaviors, such as overeating, are known to be contagious in the general population. The objective of our research is to find an optimal control strategy to reduce the social burden of unhealthy overeating behavior by establishing and analyzing a mathematical model for the social transmission dynamics of unhealthy overeating. We consider four compartments in the population: normal weight with normal eating behavior, normal weight with overeating behavior, overweight with normal eating behavior, and overweight with overeating behavior. Simulation results under various control scenarios show that integrated control measures may be necessary to reduce the growth rate of the overeating population.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 1967

Nine male rats in which 90% or more of the hippocampal tissue was removed through a small hole made in the neocortex at the boundary between the parietal and the occipital lobes (hippocampal group), 3 male rats with similar neocortical damage alone (operated control group), and 9 normal control male rats (normal control group) were prepared. Their general activity was measured for 48 hours in an activity cage by recording the number of beams they interrupted. The amount of food and water intake was also checked simultaneously. Results obtained were as follows: 1. The general activity of the hippocampal group was 2 to 3 times as great as that of the operated control or the normal control group. 2. All of the 3 groups demonstrated clear-cut circadian variation of activity, the diurnal and the nocturnal activity being in the ratio 22 : 78. 3. The amount of food and water consumed by the hippocampal group did not differ significantly from that by the opperated control or the normal control group. In the course of the experiment which continued for 3 months the hippocampal group gained weight least among the 3 groups.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare variables related to weight control between normal weight and overweight/obese female adolescents. Methods: This study is a supplementary analysis using a total of 293 female adolescents in Seoul. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires on the topics of stages of change, processes of change, and the decisional balance pertaining to weight control. Body weight and height were also measured. Results: There was a significant difference in the stages of change between the normal weight and overweight/obese groups. Of 12 processes of change, 9 processes were significantly higher in the overweight/obese group than in the normal weight groups. Also, female adolescents who were overweight or obese had significantly higher pros and eating efficacy scores comparing to those in the normal weight group. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that overweight/obese female adolescents, especially those in the action stage need supports to continue their weight control behaviors. In addition, a weight control program for female adolescents should emphasize their participation in physical activities in addition to their dietary control efforts.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.68-80
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• 1996

Long-term hemodialysis(HD) patients manifest various signs of protein and caloric malutrition due to poor intake of nutrients and other causes. Poor nutritional status increases the mortality and morbidity rates in HD patients. Thus, mataintnance of adequate nutritional status has been a major task in taking care of patients receiving HD. This study was to evaluate the nutritional status of HD patients and to clarify the degree of nutritional deficit based on usual dietary intake, anthropometric and biochemical indicators. Sixty HD patients comprised a HD group, while the control group consisted of 60 healthy adults whose age and sex matched those of the HD group. Nutritional status was evaluated by dietrary intake using instant nutritional scale, anthropometric measures, serum protein concentrations and the number of lymphocytes. The data were analyzed by using Chi-square test and unpaired t-test. The results are as follows. 1. Regarding usual dietary intake of HD group. 1) Estimated caloric intake was significantly lower than the recommended daily allowance(RDA) and among them, 35% were taking calories less than 85% of the RDA. 2) Estimated protein intake was significantly higher than the RDA and among them 40% were taking protein more than 115% of the RDA. 3) Estimated fat intake was lower than the RDA. 4) Vitamin A, B, $B_1,\;B_2$, C and niacin in take was lower than the RDA respectively. 5) Estimated ferrous intake was within the normal limit the RDA while estimated calcium intake was higher than the RDA. 6) Both calorie and protein intake were higher for the 10 patients who had been under continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis than for the patients under HD from the beginning. 2. Regarding anthropometric measures : 1) Body mass index(BMI), midarm circumference(MAC), and triceps skinfold thickness(TSF) were lower in the HD group than in the control group. 2) Among HD group, 47.1% were within the normal limit of BMI, while 86.7% were within the same limit in the control group. 3) Among HD group, 35.0% were within the normal limit of MAC, while 83.3% were within the same limit in the control group. 4) Among HD group, only 8.3% were normal, 30.3% were mild deficit status of TSF, while 50% were normal and 48.3% were mild deficit status in the control group. 3. Regarding biochemical laboratory tests 1) Albumin, transferrin concentrations and the number of lymphocytes were lower in HD group than in the control group. 2) Among HD group, 98.3% were within the normal limit of albumin concentration and all were within the same limit in the control group. 3) Among HD group, only 11.7% were within the normal limit of transferrin concentration, while 81.7% were within the same limit in the control group. 4) Among HD group, 25% were within the normal limit, while 93.3% were within the same limit in the control group. The above findings suggest that HD patients were in nutritional deficit status. Adequate diet therapy and periodical evaluation of the nutritional status in HD patients are needed. Accordingly, it turned out that anthropometric measures were very reliable parameters and easy to use to evaluate nutritional status. So nurses are encouraged to adopt anthropometric measures to examine nutritional deficit status of HD patients.