• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.199-209
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• 2017

Purpose: Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant. It is often adopted as a tool to modulate brain activations in fMRI studies. However, its pharmaceutical effect on task-induced deactivation has not been fully examined in fMRI. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of caffeine on both activation and deactivation under sustained attention. Materials and Methods: Task fMRI was acquired from 26 caffeine naive healthy volunteers before and after taking caffeine pill (200 mg). Results: Statistical analysis showed an increase in cognition-load dependent task activation but a decrease in load dependent de-activation after caffeine ingestion. Increase of attention and memory task activation and its load-dependence suggest a beneficial effect of caffeine on the brain even though it has no overt behavior improvement. The reduction of deactivation by caffeine and its load-dependence indicate reduced facilitation from task-negative networks. Conclusion: Caffeine affects brain activity in a load-dependent manner accompanied by a disassociation between task-positive network and task-negative network.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of electroencephalograph (EEG) power and coherence on cognitive function in normal elderly, non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment, and demented elderly during working cognition tasks. Forty elderly women (19 demented elderly, 10 non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment, 11 norma1 elderly) participated in this study, All subjects performed working cognition tasks with Raven's CPM while EEG signal was recorded, EEGs were measured continuously at rest and during the working cognition task. EEG power and coherence was computed over 21 channels: right and left frontal, central, parietal, temporal and occipital region. We found that there were more correct answers among normal elderly women than in other groups Owing the working cognition task, ${\Theta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2 and F8, a wave at Fp2, ${\beta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2. F4 and F8 of the frontal region was increased significantly in the demented elderly group. On the other hand. ${\Theta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2 and F7, ${\beta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2, F3 and F7 of the frontal region was increased significantly in the group of non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment. In contrast. in the normal elderly group, all of the ${\Theta}$ wave and ${\beta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, F7 and F8 of the frontal region (except ${\beta}$ wave at F3) was increased significantly, These results suggest that the nerves in prefrontal and right hemisphere regions were most active in the demented elderly group during problem solving, and the nerves in the prefrontal and left hemisphere lobe were most active in the group of non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment. In contrast, me majority of nerves in the frontal region were active in the normal elderly group.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the cognition, balance, quality of life and the correlation of these variables in the elderly. Methods: This study was a descriptive survey research. The samples were 86 and variables were measured by structured questionnaire and physical balance movements. The data were analyzed with %, t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation by SPSS ver. 19.0 for windows. Results: The cognition score was 24.02 which means within normal limits. The balance score was 11.83 and the score of QOL was 82.67 which were similar to other research results. There were significant differences in the balance (p<.001) and the QOL (p=.004) by the cognition level. A significant correlation among the cognition, balance and the QOL was observed. Conclusion: The cognition was closely related with the balance and the QOL. The cognitive stimulus and the balance exercise could help the improvement of QOL in the elderly.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.81-83
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• 2003

The present study attempted to observe what changes the supply of highly concentrated(30％) oxygen cause to people's ability and cerebrum lateralization of verbal cognition, compared to air of normal oxygen concentration(21％). The experiment consisted of two runs, one for verbal cognition test with normal air(21％ of oxygen) and for verbal cognition test with more oxygen in the air(30％ of oxygen). Functional brain images were taken form 3T MRI using the single-shot EPI method. There were more activations observed at the occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal lobes, but there were no changes in cerebrum lateralization with 30％ oxygen administration. The result of task performance showed the accuracy increased at 30％'s concentration of oxygen rather than 21％'s. It is concluded that the positive effect on the verbal cognitive performance level by the highly concentrated oxygen administration was due to changeless increase of left and right cerebrum activation.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression status and cognitive function in the community female aged. Methods: This was a descriptive study. Data were collected using individual-based interviews from 120 senior female residents in the Hall for the aged in the city of S. The length of time for data collection was from June 18 to 29, 2007. The tool of data collection was Korean Version of Mini-Mental State Examination (Kwon & Park, 1989), Short-form Geriatric Depression Scale (Bae, 1996). Results: Depression & cognition showed significant differences according to age, regular exercise. The depression group scored significantly lower than the normal group in total score of cognition, orientation, memory recall. Conclusion: It is necessary to prepare the composite programs, which can improve not only cognition but depression in the community female aged.\

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

The study was conducted to evaluate the difference of life style, subjective symptoms and health cognition depending on the Sasang Constitution in the industrial workers. The results were as follows ; Constitutional distribution among exposed group were Tae-eum In(38.4%), So-eum In(35.2%), and So-yang In(26.4%) and it was turned out that Tae-eum In took a higher portion of Sasang constitution than other constitutions in technician workers. 'Exercise' and 'Obesity' were found most in Tae-eum In, In So-eum In there were many 'Normal' weight and 'Having digestive disorders' were found most in So-eum In. There were no significant difference in the health cognition among the constitutions. The closer to 'normal' weight, the higher prevalence in 'having' concern about health condition and the more 'normal' condition in sleeping, the higher prevalence of 'having' self-confident in present health.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2004

The present study attempted to investigate the effects of supply of highly concentrated (30%) oxygen on human ability of visuospatial cognition and cerebrum lateralization. compared to air of normal oxygen concentration (21%). The experiment consisted of two runs, one fur visuospatial cognition test with normal air (21% of oxygen) and for visuospatial cognition test with more oxygen in the air (30% of oxygen). Each run was composed of four blocks and each block included eight control tasks and five visuospatial tasks. Functional brain images were taken from 3T MRI using the single-shot EPI method. The result of task performance showed the accuracy increased at 30%＇s concentration of oxygen rather than 21%＇s. There were more activations observed at the left and right hemisphere, but there was decrease cerebrum lateralization with 30% oxygen administration. Thus, it is concluded that the positive effect on the visuospatial cognitive performance level by the highly concentrated oxygen administration was due to increase of cerebrum activation and decrease of cerebrum lateralization

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that administration of the air with 30% oxygen compared with normal air (21% oxygen) enhances cognitive functioning through increased activation in the brain. Seventeen college students (right­handed, average age of 24.3) were selected as subjects for this study. An oxygen supply equipment that provides 21% and 30% oxygen at a constant rate of 8L/min was developed. In order to measure the performance level of visuospatial and verbal cognition, two psychological tests were developed. The experiment consisted of two runs, one for cognition task with normal air (21% oxygen) and the other for cognition task with hyperoxic air (30% oxygen). Visuospatial and verbal tasks were presented while brain images were scanned by a 3T fMRI system using the single-shot EPI method. The results showed that there was an improvement in performance and also increased activation in several brain areas in the higher oxygen condition. These results suggest that while performing cognitive tasks, high concentrations of oxygen administration make oxygen administration sufficient, thus making neural network activate more, and the ability to perform cognitive tasks increase.

• 한국노년학
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.431-444
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• 2017

본 연구는 국내 노인의 인지기능 향상 프로그램의 효과를 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. 2000년부터 2016년까지 4개의 데이터베이스에서 9,624개의 논문을 검색하였고, 최종 14개의 논문이 메타분석을 위해서 선정되었다. 선정된 연구의 질 검증을 위해서 Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network의 controlled trial checklist를 사용하였다. R 프로그램 version 3.3.2(2016-10-31)를 사용하여 효과크기와 이질성 검증, 출간오류를 분석하였다. 인지기능 향상 프로그램의 전체 효과크기는 중간 효과크기를 나타냈고 이질성은 중간 정도의 이질성을 나타냈다(SMD=0.759, 95% CI: 0.506~1.013, $I^2=34%$). 전체 논문의 이질성 검증을 위한 조절효과분석을 실시한 결과 중재종류에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며 복합운동중재가 가장 큰 효과크기를 나타냈다(SMD=1.231, 95% CI: 0.658~1.804, $I^2=40.8%$). 출간오류는 Funnel plot과 Egger's regression test를 통해서 통계적으로 유의한 오류가 발견되었지만 오류의 심각정도를 확인하기 위해 Trim-and-Fill 분석을 실시한 결과 전체연구 결과를 번복할 정도의 심각한 오류는 확인되지 않았다. 따라서 노인을 대상으로 한 인지기능 향상 프로그램 중 복합운동중재는 노인의 인지기능 향상에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2016

걸음 인식과 그 활용에 대하여 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 보행자의 비정상적인 보행을 인식하는 방안을 제안한다. 기존의 정상적인 걸음을 인식하는 것이 신체활동을 측정하거나, 인증을 위한 것이었다면, 본 연구의 비정상적인 걸음 인지는 보행자의 생활안전 보장을 위한 것이다. 보행자가 스스로 자신의 취약한 상태를 인지하고 도움을 요청하지 못하는 상황이 있기 때문에, 근래의 IoT기술을 도입하여 본인의 인지와 자발적 도움 요청이 없더라도 위험과 어려움을 벗어날 수 있도록 하고자 함이다. 이에 본 연구는 3축 가속도 센서를 활용하여 보행자의 정상적인 걸음을 분석함으로써 정상적인 걸음이 유지되는 상태에 대한 범위를 정하고, 이후 3축 가속도 센서를 활용하여 걸음을 측정하여 그 결과를 정상적인 걸음 범위에 대조하여 정상과 비정상 여부를 판단하도록 한다. 정상적인 걸음을 유지하는 상태를 벗어날 때, 이를 비정상적인 걸음으로 인지하는 방안을 제안한다.