• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2009

지속적인 자외선 노출은 사람의 피부에 주름 형성을 유발한다. 본 연구에서 생강나무 추출물이 광노화에 의한 피부 주름 형성의 개선에 미치는 효능을 검증해 보고자 하였다. 우선 사람 섬유아세포를 이용하여 생강나무 추출물의 세포증식과 타입 I 콜라겐의 생합성 활성을 측정하였다. 그 결과 생강나무 추출물에 의한 세포증식과 타입 I 콜라겐의 생합성능은 대조군과 비교하여 각각 33.8 %와 91.8 % 증식함을 보였다. 동물실험에서는 SKH-1 무모쥐에 일주일에 3번 UV를 조사하면서 5 % 생강나무 추출액을 국부적으로 도포하였다. 10주 후에는 각각의 무모쥐의 피부 모사판을 제작하여 관찰하였다. 광노화에 의한 주름형성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 UVB를 무모쥐의 피부조직에 조사한 후 생강나무 추출액을 도포하여 피부 상태를 관찰하였다. 모사판을 접사카메라를 이용하여 관찰한 결과 5 % 생강나무 추출액의 도포는 생강나무가 포함되지 않은 도포액을 도포한 대조군에 비해 UV에 의해 생성되는 주름 형성 억제에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 생강나무 추출액의 도포는 광노화에 의한 피부주름 생성을 억제하고 피부를 보호하는 효과가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.493-497
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• 2013

This study was designed to analyze the chemical composition of essential oil in 'Shiranuhi' immature fruit and to test their biological activities. 'Shiranuhi' immature essential oils (SIEO) were obtained by steam distillation from fruits collected from Jeju Island and were analyzed using gas chromatograph (GC)-flame ionization detectors (FID) and GC-MS. Fourteen components were identified in the essential oil. Limonene (75.21%) and terpineol (8.68%) were the major components in SIEO. Since acne vulgaris is the combined result of a bacterial infection and the inflammatory response to that infection, we examined whether SIEO possessed antibacterial against skin pathogens. As a result, SIEO showed excellent antibacterial activities against drug-susceptible and -resistant Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, which are acne-causing bacteria. In this study, SIEO was examined on DPPH radical scavenging activities, which showed moderate antioxidant activity ($SC_{50}$, $15.36{\mu}L/mL$). In order to determined whether SIEO can be safely applied to human skin, the cytotoxicity effects of SIEO were determined by colorimetric MTT assays in normal human fibroblasts and keratinocyte HaCaT cells. They exhibited low cytotoxicity at $0.5{\mu}L/mL$ in both celllines. Based on these results, we suggest the possibility that essential oil of 'Shiranuhi' maybe considered as an antibacterial and antioxidant agent.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.646-656
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• 2022

Background: In addition to its use as a health food, ginseng is used in cosmetics and shampoo because of its extensive health benefits. The ginsenoside, Rh2, is a component of ginseng that inhibits tumor cell proliferation and differentiation, promotes insulin secretion, improves insulin sensitivity, and shows antioxidant effects. Methods: The effects of Rh2 on cell survival, extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression, and cell differentiation were examined. The antioxidant effects of Rh2 in UV-irradiated normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells were also examined. The effects of Rh2 on mitochondrial function, morphology, and mitophagy were investigated in UV-irradiated NHDF cells. Results: Rh2 treatment promoted the proliferation of NHDF cells. Additionally, Rh2 increased the expression levels of ECM proteins and growth-associated immediate-early genes in ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated NHDF cells. Rh2 also affected antioxidant protein expression and increased total antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, treatment with Rh2 ameliorated the changes in mitochondrial morphology, induced the recovery of mitochondrial function, and inhibited the initiation of mitophagy in UV-irradiated NHDF cells. Conclusion: Rh2 inhibits mitophagy and reinstates mitochondrial ATP production and membrane potential in NHDF cells damaged by UV exposure, leading to the recovery of ECM, cell proliferation, and antioxidant capacity.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.14-34
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• 2016

목 적: 본 연구에서는 한의학에서 다양한 피부질환과 대사질환에 빈번히 사용되고 있는 온청음 물 추출 동결건조물(수율=13.82%)의 피부 노화 개선 효과 평가의 일환으로 세포독성, 피부재생, 주름개선, 미백 및 보습 효과를 각각 평가하였다.방 법: 본 연구에서는 human normal fibroblast(CRL-2076) 및 B16/F10 murine melanoma(CRL-6475) 세포에 대한 온청음의 세포독성을 MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium Bromide) 방법으로 평가하였으며, 피부 재생 및 주름 개선 효과를 transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1와 비교한 fibroblast의 collagen type I 합성능, phosphoramidon disodium salt(PP)와 비교한 elastase 활성 억제, oleanolic acid(OA)와 비교한 hyaluronidase, collagenase 및 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 활성 억제를 통해 각각 평가하였고, 미백효과를 B16/F10 murine melanoma cells의 melanin 생성 억제 정도 및 tyrosinase 활성 억제를 통해 arbutin과 비교 평가하였으며, 모든 실험은 OCE의 농도별로 군을 나누어 농도에 따른 효과의 변화를 함께 분석하였다. 보습효과는 흰쥐의 피부 수분함량 변화를 통해 평가하였다.결 과: 본 실험의 결과, 온청음은 human normal fibroblast 및 B16/F10 murine melanoma 세포에 대해 의미 있는 세포독성을 나타내지 않았으며, fibroblast의 collagen type I 합성을 증가시켰고, 세포외 기질의 파괴에 관여한다고 알려진 hyaluronidase, elastase, collagenase 및 MMP-1 활성을 억제하였으며, 피부의 색을 결정하는 melanin 의 생성에 관여하는 tyrosinase의 활성 및 B16/F10 murine melanoma cells의 melanin 생성을 억제하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 이 반응의 효과들은 모두 농도에 비례하여 증가하였고, 이와 함께 정상 매체 대조군에 비해 흰쥐의 피부 수분 함량이 세 용량의 온청음 경구 투여군 모두에서 투여용량 의존적으로 의미 있는 증가를 보였다.결 론: 이상의 결과에서, 온청음은 세포 독성 없이 비교적 우수한 피부 재생, 주름개선, 미백 및 보습 효과를 나타내는 것으로 관찰되어, 차후 피부 노화 억제 개선제 또는 기능성 화장품의 주요 소재로서 그 가치가 매우 높을 것으로 판단되나, 금후 개별 구성 약재 각각에 대한 효능 및 생리활성을 나타내는 화학성분의 검색과 더불어 다양한 방면으로 기전적인 연구와 피부 보호 효과에 대한 in vivo 평가를 체계적으로 수행해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.266-279
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 다양한 사람의 암세포주(A-549, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, U87-MG, AGS, MKN-74 및 SNU-601 세포)와 정상세포주(MRC-5 섬유아세포 및 사랑니 유래 중간엽성 줄기세포에 토복령 추출물(Smilax china L. extract, SCLE)을 처리하여 세포 사멸 효과를 조사하였다. SCLE 처리 후, MTT 분석에서 여러 암세포주는 정상세포주보다 유의적으로 휠씬 낮은 반억제농도값을 나타내었고, 세포는 세포부착력의 소실로 인한 세포사멸(anoikis)이 관찰되었다. 또한, SCLE를 처리한 A-549, AGS 및 MCF-7 암세포주에서 세포의 생존성과 말단소립 복원효소의 활성도를 조사하였을 때, SCLE 처리 후 4일째에 세포의 생존성과 말단소립 복원효소의 활성도가 현저히 줄어드는 것을 관찰하였다. 또한, SCLE를 처리한 A-549, AGS 및 MCF-7 암세포주에서 세포 주기의 G1기에서 세포 성장이 정지되었고,세포 사멸이 유의적으로 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나, SCLE 처리는 rho 단백질의 활성과 관련 없는 세포부착력의 소실과 세포 사멸이 유도되는 것을 관찰하였다. 이 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 토복령 추출물은 정상 세포보다는 암세포에 특이적으로 세포부착력의 소실과 세포 사멸을 유도하여, 이 추출물에 포함된 물질을 이용한 항암 연구에 응용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.359-374
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• 2000

Cyclosporine A(CsA) is a widely used immunosuppressant for transplant patients and is also used for the treatment of a wide variety of systemic diseases with immunologic disorders. However, its use is frequently limited because of complications such as nephrotoxicity or gingival hyperplasia. Although several hypotheses have been postulated for CsA-induced gingival hyperplasia, i.e. various cytokine effects of inflammatory cells, existence of plaque or CsA itself, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. For experimental chronic CsA toxicity, salt depletion has been shown to increased susceptibility of rodents to the effects of CsA, and this maneuver facilitates production of arteriolopathy and interstitial fibrosis in kidney that mimic the changes found in human. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pathogenesis of CsA-induced gingival hyperplasia by comparing changes between CsA administration groups of normal standard diet and those of low salt diet group. Specific pathogen-free, 20 to 25 days old(120 to 150 g), male Fisher-344 rats(KIST, Korea), 120 to 150g of body weight, were assigned to four groups of six animals each after one week of adaptation period for powder food. Group 1 received olive oil($300{\mu}l/g\;of\;diet$) with normal standard diet(0.4% of sodium)(NSD). Group 2 received CsA(Cypol-N, Jonggundang, Korea; $300{\mu}g/g\;of\;diet$) with normal standard diet(NSD+CsA). Group 3 received same amount of olive oil with low salt diet(0.05 % of sodium, Teklad Premier, U.S.A.)(LSD). Group 4 received same dose of CsA with low salt diet(LSD+CsA). Rats were pair fed and were sacrificed after six weeks. Renal histologic lesions associated with CsA, consisted of cortical interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and hyalinization of arterioles and the impairment of renal function including increase of serum creatinine and decrease of glomerular filtration rate was more severe in low salt diet group. These were proved as the results of activated of renin-angiotensin system in the kidney by low salt condition. Meanwhile the degree of gingival hyperplasia at incisor and molar tooth was less severe in low salt diet group compared with normal sodium diet group. Hyperplastic gingiva showed mild epithelial hyperplasia and expanded underlyng stroma which consisted of matrix increasement, capillary proliferation and dilatation. While the number and the activation of fibroblasts were increased, inflammatory cells were rare in the stroma. The immunohistochemistry for TGF-${\beta}_1$ in the kidney and gingiva revealed stronger positive in LSD+CsA in kidney but in gingiva of NSD+CsA. These results suggested followings; Gingival hyperplasia can be developed without inflammatory cells infiltration and seemed not induced by CsA by itself. The major role for gingival hyperplasia by CsA would be the secondary effect of TGF-${\beta}$, which maybe upregulated by CsA administration. Low salt diet can attenuate this hyperplasia perhaps by decreasing the activation of $TGF-{\beta}$.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.13-34
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• 2003

Fructose-1, 6-diphosphate (FOP), a glycolytic metabolite is reported to ameliorate inflammation and inhibit the nitric oxide production in murine macrophages stimulated with endotoxin. It is also reported that FOP has cytoprotective effects against hypoxia or ischemia/reperfusion injury in brain and heart. In this study, we examined whether FDP has protective effects on UV-induced oxidative damage in skin cell culture system and human skin in vivo. FDP had a protective role in UVB-induced LDH release and ROS accumulation in HaCaT although it did not show direct radical scavenging effect in the experiment using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). FDP also preserved cellular GSH content after UV irradiation in HaCaT and normal human fibroblast culture system. Cellular oxidative stress induces multiple downstream signaling pathways that regulate expression of multiple gene including MMP-1 and collagen, we examined the effects of FDP on UV-induced alteration of these protein expression in fibroblast culture and human skin in vivo. The increased MMP-1 expression in fibroblast and human skin by UV irradiation was significantly decreased by FDP. FDP also prevented the UV-induced decrease of collagen expression in fibroblast and human skin. Moreover, the decreasing the intracellular levels of reducing equivalents in human fibroblast by glutathione (GSH) depletion lowered the UVA dose threshold for reduction of procollagen expression, indicating that the differences of glutathione contents define the susceptibility of fibroblasts towards UV-induced reduction of procollagen expression. FDP also preserved cellular GSH content after UV irradiation, indicating that FDP has protective effects on UV-induced reduction of procollagen expression, which are possibly through maintaining intracellular reducing equivalent. Based on these premises, we examined the effect of daily use of a moisturizer containing FDP on facial wrinkle in comparison with vehicle moisturizer lacking FDP. In the clinical study, FDP significantly decreased facial wrinkle compared with vehicle alone after 6 months of use. Our results suggest that FDP has anti-aging effects in skin by increasing cellular antioxidant system and preventing oxidative signal and inflammatory reaction. Therefore FDP may be useful anti-aging agent for cosmetic purpose.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.532-536
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate effect of EMD on proliferation of HPDLCs and MC3T3-E1 cells in high glucose condition in vitro. Material and method: The Human PDL fibroblasts(HPDLCs) were obtained through typical way and the cells used in this experiment were divided in 4 groups. $1{\times}10^4/ml$ HPDLCs suspension was cultured in typical DMEM and assigned to group 1. The cells cultured in DMEM which included 400mg/dl glucose are allocated to group 3. Group 2 and 4 are established by adding EMD to group 1 and 3 respectively. These control and experimental groups had been cultured for 24 and 48 hours, and MTT assay was conducted. The differences of each group in cellular proliferation was evaluated. The same experiment was conducted for preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) with adding $25\;{\mu}g/ml$ EMD. Results: EMD had the same effect on both PDL cells and MCT3T3-E1 cells. The experimental group had more meaningful differences and active cellular proliferation than the control group did. The EMD accelerated cellular proliferation not only in normal glucose condition but also in high glucose condition. The same results were observed via MTT assay; EMD-added experimental group had more meaningful differences and showed higher cellular activity than control group did. Each experimental and control group was inspected for statistical significance through Kruskal-Wallis Test. Statistical significances were observed among these groups. (SPSS 12.0 Chicago, IL, USA, p=0.008, p=0.011) Conclusion: EMD is considered to accelerate proliferation of PDL cells and MC3T3-E1 cells in high glucose condition as well as normal glucose condition.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.729-734
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 길경을 추출, 농축, 정제하여 crude platycodin을 얻은 후, 식품 미생물을 이용하여 길경의 배당체인 platycodin의 당 사슬 부분을 일부 가수분해하여 전환할 수 있는 방법을 모색하였다. 그리고 platycodin의 전환 전과 전환 후의 세포주를 이용한 세포 독성, 항산화 활성 및 항산화 효소 활성에 대해 비교하여 보았다. Chinese Hamster lung fibroblast인 V79-4 세포 독성실험 결과, 전환 전에 비교하여 전환 후에 더 나은 세포 생존률을 보였다. 후에 진행된 DPPH 자유기 소거능을 측정실험과 lipid peroxidation 억제능을 알아보기 위하여 malondialdehyde(MDA) 양을 측정한 결과 전환 후에서 더 높은 항산화 활성이 나타나는 결과를 보였다. 따라서, 식품이나 생약 소재 배당체의 구조를 식품 미생물을 통해 안전하게 전환시키면 그에 따라 독성, 활성 등이 변화해 새로운 성질을 가진 유도체를 만들어 낼 수 있고, 이러한 전환체는 상대적으로 높은 생리활성을 가지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면, 식품이나 생약 소재 배당체의 구조를 식품 미생물을 통해 안전하게 비당체로 전환시키면 그에 따라 독성, 활성 등이 변화해 새로운 성질을 가진 유도체를 만들어 낼 수 있다. 본 연구에서 살펴본 platycodin의 전환 전과 전환 후의 항산화 생리활성은 대부분이 전환 후의 platycodin 활성이 높게 나타났으며, 이는 전환체가 새로운 식품 소재로서의 가능성을 시사한다고 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1574-1579
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• 2006

This study was performed to determine the developmental potentials of nuclear transfer (NT) embryos using life-span extended cells transfected with a foreign gene as donor cells. A life-span extended bovine embryonic fibroblast cell line was transfected with an expression vector in which the human type II collagen (BOMAR) and ear fibroblasts were used as a donor cell. Cytogenetic analysis was performed to analyze the chromosomal abnormality of donor cells. The fusion rate of 1.8 kV/cm for $15{\mu}sec$ given twice was significantly higher than that of other groups (p<0.05) and the embryos lysed were significantly higher after 1.8 kV/cm for $20{\mu}sec$ given once compared to other groups (p<0.01). The blastocyst development in the ear cell group was statistically significant compared to both BOMAR groups (p<0.01). Both BOMAR groups cultured more than 40 passages (>40 passages) had a lower number of chromosomes; however, fresh granulosa cell (GC) and BOMAR groups cultured less than 20 passages had normal chromosome numbers. Both >40 passages BOMAR groups had numerous obscure debris in metaphase spreads. The transfected foreign gene was expressed in all BOMAR groups, but not in the GC group. Based on these results, the lower developmental potential of NT embryos using life-span extended donor cells transfected with a foreign gene might be a cause of chromosomal abnormality in donor cells.