• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.419-426
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• 2015

We investigated the high dispersion spectra that had been secured at the center of the planetary nebula NGC 7027 with the Bohyunsan Optical Echelle Spectrograph (BOES) on October, 20, 2009. We analyzed the forbidden lines of [OI], [SII], [OII], [NII], [ClIII], [ArIII], [OIII], [ArIV], [NeIII], [ArV], and [CaV] in the $3770-9225{\AA}$ wavelength region. The expansion velocities were derived from double Gaussian line profiles of the emission lines, after eliminating the subsidiary line broadening effects. The radial variations of the expansion velocities were obtained by projecting the derived expansion velocities: $19.56-31.93kms^{-1}$ onto the equatorial shell elements of the inner and the outer boundaries of the main shell of 2.5(2.1)" and 3.8(3.6)", according to the ionization potential of each ion. Analysis of equatorial shell spectra indicated that the equatorial shell generally expands in an accelerated velocity mode, but the expansion pattern deviates from a linear velocity growth with radial distance. NGC 7027, of which age is about 1000 years or less, might be still at its early stage. During the first few hundred years, plausibly in its early stage, the main shell of PN expands very slowly and, later, it gradually gain its normal expansion speed.

• 천문학회보
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.73.1-73.1
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• 2010

Using the spectroscopic data secured with the Hamilton Echelle Spectrograph attached to a 3-m telescope at the Lick Observatory, we derived the expansion velocities from various line profiles in the 3600 $\AA$ to 10,000 $\AA$ based on the full width at half maximum and double peak of the high dispersion line profiles. The symmetrical shapes of the permitted line profiles indicate that the permitted line zone is symmetrical e.g., a spherical shell or bipolar + torus structures, which might be evidence of relatively recent ejection from the central star. Most other stronger forbidden lines might be coming from a main shell which appears as a bilateral symmetrical morphology, seen in HST and other ground-based telescopic images. The overall expansion velocities of this main shell structure that are responsible for most lines, seem to show the Hubble type expansion, i.e., accelerating shell. The faster expansion velocities of the permitted OII, NII, NIII and perhaps CII lines that do not suit to the Hubble type expansion, imply the existence of a somewhat smaller inner shell inside the outer main shell. We conclude that the nebular shell consists of a swiftly expanding inner shell and an outer normal shell excited by a central star of about 55,000K. The former compact zone appears to be responsible for the permitted C, N, and O lines while the latter extended shell appears to be responsible for H, He, and forbidden lines. We present some evidence that NGC 6833 be a member of the Galactic halo.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2021

An electrochromic nickel oxide thin film was fabricated on a flexible PET/ITO substrate using a nanocrystallite- dispersed coating sol and bar coater. Nanocrystalline NiOx of 3-4 nm crystallite size was first synthesized by base precipitation and thermal conversion. This NiOx nanocrystallite powder was mechanically dispersed in an alcoholic solvent mixed with a silane binder to prepare a coating sol for thin film. This sol method is different from the normal sol-gel method in that it does not require the conversion of precursor by heat treatment. Therefore, this method provides a very facile method to prepare NiOx thin films on any kind of substrate and it can be easily applied to mass production. The electrochromic performance of this NiOx thin film on PET/ITO electrode with a thickness of about 400 nm was investigated in a nonaqueous LiClO4 electrolyte solution by cyclic voltammetric and repeated chronoamperometric measurements in conjunction with spectrophotometry. The visible light modulation of 44% and the colorization efficiency of 41 ㎠/C at 550 nm were obtained at the step potentials of -0.8/+1.2 V vs Ag and a duration of 30 s.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2022

In this paper, the effect of porosity on the acoustic phase velocity of the 3D printed Kelvin closed-cell structure was investigated using the spectral phase analysis. Since Kelvin cells bring about the large amount of scattering, acoustic pulses in ultrasonic measurements undergoes a distortion of waveforms due to the dispersion effect. In order to take account on the dispersion, mathematical expressions for calculating the phase velocity of longitudinal waves propagating normal to the plane of the Kelvin structure are suggested by introducing a complex wave number based on Fourier transform. 3D Kelvin structure composed of identical unit-cells, a polyhedron of 14 faces with 6 quadrilateral and 8 hexagonal faces, was developed and fabricated by 3D CAD and 3D printer to represent the micro-structure of porous materials such as aluminum foam and cancellous bone. Total nine samples of 3D Kelvin structure with different porosity were made by changing the thickness of polyhedron. Ultrasonic pulse of 1MHz center frequency was applied to the Kelvin structures for the measurement of the phase velocity of ultrasound using the TOF(time-of-flight) and the phase spectral method. From the experimental results, it was found that the acoustic phase velocity decreased linearly with the porosity.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.313-322
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• 2018

The present study is dedicated to investigate the SH body-as well as Love-waves propagation effects in porous media with uncertain porosity and permeability. A unified formulation of the governing equations for one-dimensional (1-D) wave propagation in anisotropic porous layered media is presented deterministically. The uncertainties around the above two cited parameters are taken into account by random fields with the help of Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS). Random samples of the porosity and the permeability are generated according to the normal and lognormal distribution functions, respectively, with a mean value and a coefficient of variation for each one of the two parameters. After performing several thousands of samples, the mathematical expectation (mean) of the solution of the wave propagation equations in terms of amplification functions for SH waves and in terms of dispersion equation for Love-waves are obtained. The limits of the Love wave velocity in a porous soil layer overlaying a homogeneous half-space are obtained where it is found that random variations of porosity change the zeros of the wave equation. Also, the increase of uncertainties in the porosity (high coefficient of variation) decreases the mean amplification function amplitudes and shifts the fundamental frequencies. However, no effects are observed on both Love wave dispersion and amplification function for random variations of permeability. Lastly, the present approach is applied to a case study in the Adapazari town basin so that to estimate ground motion accelerations lacked in the fast-growing during the main shock of the damaging 1999 Kocaeli earthquake.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2022

Purpose: Because of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, there have been many cases of using portable negative pressure unit to convert general wards into temporary negative pressure isolation wards. The purpose of this study is to analyze the indoor environment of the switching type wards. Methods: Field measurements and experiments were conducted in a medical facility. Air volume, wind speed and pressure difference were measured in non-occupant state. Dispersion tests were performed with gas and particle matter. Results: The pressure difference between the wards and the corridor was higher than -2.5 Pa in normal situation. However, in the gas and particle dispersion tests, it was found that there were concerns about the spread through leakages in low-airtight walls or ceilings. In addition, it was confirmed that the pressure imbalance in ducts through the non-sealed diffusers could cause back flow during portable unit operation. Furthermore, when there was a pressure difference between adjacent wards planned to be at same pressure level, the possibility of the spread through the leakages was found. Implications: When using portable units for making switching type wards, it is necessary to create airtight space and seal the non-operation diffusers. In case of operating the air handling unit, T.A.B must be performed to adjust the duct balancing.

• 공업화학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.384-389
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• 2011

폴리에틸렌 글리콜(PEG) 내에 흄드 실리카를 분산시켜 현탁액을 제조하고, 실리카의 함량과 분산조건, 폴리에틸렌 글리콜 분자량, 온도 및 수분함량에 따른 유변학적 거동을 연구하였다. 현탁액의 유변학적 거동은 레오미터를 이용하여 전단농화 현상을 일으키는 임계전단속도와 전단점도 상승폭을 측정하였다. 분산매는 PEG 200, 400 및 600을 사용하였다. 실리카의 함량을 5, 7, 9, 13, 그리고 18 wt%으로 한 흄드 실리카 현탁액은 단순교반, 균질교반, 비드밀링의 세 가지 분산 방법을 사용하여 제조하였다. 10, 20, 30 그리고 $40^{\circ}C$에서 유변학적 거동을 측정하였다. 현탁액 내의 실리카의 함량이 증가할수록 그리고 분산매의 분자량이 커질수록 임계전단속도는 낮아지는 경향을 나타냈다. 측정온도의 영향에서도 온도가 증가할수록 임계전단속도가 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 수분의 함량에 따른 영향은 나타나지 않으나, 분산공정의 영향은 크게 나타났다. 단순교반 방법으로 제조한 현탁액의 임계 전단속도가 가장 낮았으며 비드밀링공정으로 제조한 현택액의 임계전단속도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 전단점도의 상승폭은 단순교반으로 제조한 현탁액이 비드밀링 공정의 현탁액 보다 높게 나타났다. 이는 분산 공정에 따른 실리카 입자의 분산상태에 기인되고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2001

사고시 대기확산을 평가하기 위해서 USNRC Reg. Guide 1.145에 기초하여 개발된 PAVAN과 XOQAR 코드는 X/Q 값을 계산할 때, 누적빈도에 대하여 X/Q 값이 log-normal 용지에 그려진다. 이 그래프에서 가장 높은 X/Q 값으로부터 시작하여 이 점으로부터 10개의 X/Q을 포함하는 영역내의 모든 다른 점 사이의 경사를 비교하여 가장 작은 음의 경사를 갖는 선을 생성하는 계수들이 저장되며, 이 선의 끝점이 다음 영역의 시작점으로 이용되어 반복적으로 선이 그려진다. 이와 같이 그려진 선을 이용하여 누적빈도 0.5%, 5% 혹은 50%에 상응하는 X/Q 값이 계산되어, 사고 후 $0{\sim}2$ 시간의 X/Q 값으로 이용되며 매우 보수적인 경향을 갖게 된다. 본 논문에서는 퍼지 논리 추론계통을 이용하여 누적빈도에 대한 X/Q 값의 비선형 보간을 수행하였다. 퍼지 논리 추론계통은 비선형 보간을 위해 탁월한 방법으로 알려져 있다. 제안된 방법을 영광 원자력발전소의 잠재적 방사성물질 누출에 적용한 결과, 좀 더 현실적인 값을 제공하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.315-323
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• 2015

이상 기후현상으로 인해 폭풍의 강도가 커지고, 지속시간 또한 길어지고 있어 연안 피해가 점차 대규모화 되고 있다. 이러한 변화에 대응하기 위하여 기존 방파제에 대한 평가기준과 신설 방파제의 설계기준이 강화되고 있다. 최근 케이슨식 방파제의 구조적 안정성을 향상시키기 위하여 개별 케이슨이 독립적으로 파에 저항하도록 하였던 방파제 케이슨을 서로 인터로킹시키는 방안이 관심을 받고 있다. 이는 각각의 케이슨에 작용하는 힘을 분산시켜 이상파랑이 발생할 경우에도 최대파력이 저감되어 방파제의 안정성을 확보할 수 있도록 한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 케이블을 이용하여 케이슨 상부를 방파제 기준선방향으로 인터로킹시켰을 때의 파력의 분산특성에 대해서 분석하였다. 수치계산의 효율을 위해 지반과 연결 케이블은 선형 스프링으로 모형화하고 케이슨은 강체로 가정한 정적 선형모델을 개발하였다. 수치해석 결과, 입사각이 커질수록 케이블을 통하여 전달되는 파력비가 높아지고, 인터로킹 케이블의 강성이 클수록 전달 파력비가 증대되어 파력분산 효과가 높아지는 특성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2013

Yellow clay dispersion has been applied to minimize fisheries impact by the red tide Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms in Korean coasts since 1995. The present preliminary study documents the effect of yellow clay on Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, in terms of oxygen consumption rate (OCR). The OCR in the low clay suspension (0.05 and 0.23 %, w/w) showed normal level compared to the control. In contrast, the OCR for each one of three replicates in the high clay suspension (1.16 and 5.58 %, w/w) was not returned to the previous level that clay was not treated, indicating that high clay suspension (${\geq}1.16%$, w/w) might give negative effect on Korean rockfish. Overall, this result suggests that field application of clay to control Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) may not give impact on Korean rockfish once the clay is dispersed in a low concentration (${\leq}0.23%$). In order to understand the changes of OCR in the repeated exposure to clay, it is required to do further studies on the changes of OCR when the fish is exposed to clay repeatedly after recovery in the normal seawater.