• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2004

Gitelman 증후군과 Bartter 증후군은 모두 상염색체 열성으로 유전되는 신 세뇨관 질환으로 낮은 혈중 포타시움 농도, 대사성 알칼리혈증, 염분 소실, 정상 또는 낮은 혈압을 특징으로 한다. Gitelman 증후군은 thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter(NCCT)의 유전자 돌연변이로 발생하며, 저마그네슘혈증과 저칼슘뇨증이 있는 것으로 Bartter 증후군과 구별된다. 환자들은 대개 증상이 없으며, 일정 기간 동안 근 약화, 테타니 등을 보이지만, 대부분의 경우 성인이 되어서 진단된다. 저자들은 11세된 여아에서 간질 발작의 악화로 내원하였다가 우연히 발견된 Gitelman 증후군 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Gitelman 증후군의 진단은 대사성 알칼리혈증, 저칼륨혈증, 저마그네슘혈증, 저칼슘뇨증에 의해 근거하였다. 저자들은 또한 환자의 SLC12A3 유전자에서 이종접합체성 $^{642}$Arg(CGC)>Cys(TGC)변이와 동종접합체성 가성엑손을 확인하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.310-320
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• 2014

Backgrounds: Endotoxin, which found in the outer membrane of the gram-negative bacteria cell wall, makes up almost all of the lipopolysaccharide(LPS). When people are exposed to endotoxin,it can result in diverse health effects such as an airway irritation and inflammation, fever, malaise, bronchitis, allergic asthma, toxic pneumonitis, hypersensitivity lung disease. Cases among the elderly, children or pregnant can occur more frequently than a healthy adult if they are repeatedly exposed to the existing endotoxin. Therefore, we investigated and assessed the environmental characteristics associated with the airborne endotoxin concentration level in six hospital lobbies. Method: Endotoxin from indoor air in six hospital lobbies was measured by an area sampling method and analyzed according to American Society for Testing and Materials International(ASTM international) E2144-01. Total suspended particulate(TSP), carbon dioxide($CO_2$), temperature and humidity were also measured by using direct reading measurements or airborne sampling equipment at the same time. Environmental characteristics were appropriately divided into two or three groups for a statistics analysis. One-way analysis variable(one-way ANOVA) was used to examine a difference of the endotoxin concentration, depending on the environmental characteristics. In addition, only variables with p-value(p<0.25) were eventually designed to the best model by using multiple regression analysis. Results: The correlation analysis result indicated that TSP(p=0.003) and $CO_2$(p<0.0001) levels were significantly associated with endotoxin concentration levels. In contrast, temperature(p<0.068) and humidity(p<0.365) were not associated with endotoxin concentration. Levels of endotoxin concentration were statistically different among the environmental characteristics of Service time(p=0.01), Establishment of hospital(p<0.001), Scale of hospital(p=0.01), Day average people using hospital(p=0.03), Cleaning time of lobby(p=0.05), Season(p<0.001), and Cleaning of ventilation system(p<0.001) according to ANOVA. Finally, the best model(Adjusted R-square=72%) that we designed through a multiple regression test included environmental characteristics related to Service time, Area of lobby, Season, Cleaning of ventilation system, and Temperature. Conclusions: According to this study, our result showed a normal level of endotoxin concentration in the hospital lobbies and found environmental management methods to reduce the level of endotoxin concentration to a minimum. Consequently, this study recognized to be requirement for the management of ventilation systems and an indoor temperature in order to reduce the level of endotoxin concentration in the hospital lobbies.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2013

Objectives : For investigating relationship between oral condition and body mass of adolescent period and helping to make basic data which make oral care systematically while performing health care for adolescent. Methods : This research was carried out by performing oral and physical test of 273 high school students in some reasons from July 2nd to 16th in 2012. Results : There were significant differences, since the more subjects had irregular occlusion, the more they had loosing tooth(p<0.05). There was a significant difference, since when subjects had more numbers of regular occlusion, they had higher BMI and heavier weight.(p<0.001). There are significant different, since when the subjects had worse peridontal condition, they had more numbers of DT(p<0.001). There was a significant difference in occlusion and body mass group, since when subjects had regular occlusion, 46.4% of subjects were standard body weight, 41.0% of subjects were overweight and when subjects needed orthodontics, 52.7% of subjects were standard body weight, 33.8% of subjects were low-weight, and 13.5% of subjects were overweight(p<0.001). In the correlation between oral condition and BMI, DT index showed negative interrelation with FT index(r=-0.179) and positive interrelation with periodontal condition(r=0.221), MT index showed positive interrelation with occlusion(r=0.137) and FT index showed positive interrelation with height(r=0.136). BMI showed highly positive interrelation with weight(r=0.940), and when occlusion was worse, it shows negative interrelation with BMI(r=-0.293). Height showed highly positive interrelation with weight(r=0.447), and when the more subjects had malocclusion, it showed low negative interrelation with weight (r=-0.257). Conclusions : It was considered that an adolescent period forms health habits, so it was important to increase health action through education for growing healthy adult and not only guiding improvement of dietary life for keeping normal weight, but also conducting oral health education for treating regular occlusion of oral condition and prosthetic procedures for loosing tooth right time.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2009년도 특별 Symposium
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• pp.49-57
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• 2009

The cloning of canids was succeeded in 2005, several years after the birth of Dolly the sheep and also after the cloning of numerous other laboratory and farm animal species. The delay of successful somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)was due to the unique reproductive characteristics of the female dogin comparison to other domestic mammals, such as ovulation of immature canine oocyte and a requirement of 25 days for the completion of meiosis within the oviduct (Holst & Phemister, 1971). When the technology for the recovery of in vivo matured oocyte was established, the application of cloning also became possible and cloned dog offspring were obtained. This report summarizes the progress of technical procedures that are required for cloning canids and the application of this technique. The first cloned dog, Snuppy, was achieved using an in vivo-matured oocyte which was enucleated and transferred with an adult skin cell of male Afghan hound. After establishment of a criterion of well-matured oocyte for the improvement of SCNT efficiency, we obtained three cloned female Afghan hound and a toy poodle cloned from 14 year-old aged Poodle using SCNT through this factor. To date, cloned dogs appeared to be normal and those that have reached puberty have been confirmed to be fertile. Through application of canine SCNT technique, first, we demonstrated that SNCT is useful for conserving the breed of endangered animal from extinction through cloning of endangered gray wolves using inter-species SCNT and keeping the pure pedigree through the cloning of Sapsaree, a Korean natural monument. Secondly, we showed possibility of human disease model cloned dog and transgenic cloned dog production through cloning of red fluorescent protein expressing dog. Finally, SCNT can be used for the propagation of valuable genotypes for making elite seed stock and pet dog. In summary, dog cloning is a reproducible technique that offers the opportunity to preserve valuable genetics and a potential step towards the production of gene targeted transgenic cloned dogs for the study of human diseases.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2014

Currently commercially available phantom can reproduce and evaluate only a static situation, the study is incomplete research on phantom and system which is can confirmed functional situation in the kidney by time through dynamic phantom and blood flow velocity, various difference according to the amount of radioactive. Therefore, through this study, it has produced the dynamic kidney phantom to reproduce images through the dynamic flow of the kidney, it desires to evaluate the usefulness of nuclear medicine imaging. The production of the kidney phantom was fabricated based on the normal adult kidney, in order to reproduce the dynamic situation based on the fabricated kidney phantom, in this study it was applied the volume pump that can adjust the speed of blood flow, so it can be integrated continuously radioactive isotopes in the kidney by using 99mTc-pertechnate. Used the radioactive isotope was supplied through the two pump. It was confirmed the changes according to the infusion rate, radioactive isotopes and the different injection speeds on the left and right, analysis of the acquired images was done by drawn five times ROI in order to check the reproducibility of each on the front and rear of the kidney and bladder. Depending on the speed of injection, radioisotope was a lot of integrated and emissions up when adjusting the pressure of the pump as 30 stroke, it was the least integrated and emissions up when adjusting as 40 stroke. The integration of the left & right kidney was not reached in the amount of the highest when adjusting as 10 stroke. In the changes according to the amount of the radioactive isotope, 0.6 mCi(22.2 MBq), 0.8 mCi (29.6 MBq)was showed up similar tendency but, in the result of the injection 0.8 mCi, it was showed up counts close to double of 0.6 mCi. In the result of the differently injection speed of the left & right kidney, as a result of different conditions that injection speed was 20 stroke through left kidney phantom, the injection speed was 30 stroke through right kidney phantom, it was enough difference in the resulting image can be easily distinguished with the naked eye. Through this study, the results showed that the dynamic kidney phantom system is able to similarly reproduce renogram in the actual clinical. Especially, the depicted over time for the flow to be excreted through the kidney into the bladder was adequately reproduce, it is expected to be utilized as basic data to check the quality of the dynamic images. In addition, it is considered to help in the field of functional imaging and quality control.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.932-937
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• 2006

콜레스테롤식이에 수준별 청국장 첨가 식이가 흰쥐의 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자, 성숙한 흰쥐 암컷을 표준군, 대조군(콜레스테롤식이), 5% 및 10% 청국장군(대조식이에 5% 및 10% 청국장 분말을 첨가한 식이) 등 4군으로 나누어 4주간 사육한 결과는 다음과 같다. 실험동물의 체중증가량, 식이섭취량, 식이효율 및 자궁주위 지방 무게는 청국장군들이 대조군 보다 유의하게 감소되었다. 간의 콜레스테롤과 중성지질 농도는 대조군에 비하여 10% 청국장군이 유의하게 감소되었다. 혈청의 중성지질, 총 콜레스테롤, LDL+VLDL-콜레스테롤 농도 및 동맥경화지수는 대조군에 비해 10% 청국장군이 유의하게 감소되었고, 총 콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비율은 대조군에 비해 10% 청국장군이 유의하게 증가되었다. 변의 총 지질 배설량은 5% 및 10% 청국장군들이 대조군 보다 유의하게 증가 된 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 보아 콜레스테롤 식이에 10% 수준으로 청국장분말 첨가 섭취시 흰쥐의 체중 감소와 혈청과 간의 중성 지질, 총 콜레스테롤과 LDL+VLDL-콜레스테롤 농도 및 동맥경화지수를 낮추고, 총 콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비율이 증가되어 지질대사의 개선 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2016

적절한 농도의 활성산소종(ROS)은 병원체에 대한 세포의 방어, 신호 전달, 세포 성장 및 유전자 발현을 포함한 다양한 정상 세포 기능을 매개한다. 최근의 연구는 ROS와 ROS를 생성하는 NADPH 산화 효소(Nox)가 성인 쥐 뇌의 뇌실 하 영역(SVZ)에 있는 신경 줄기세포의 자가 복제와 신경 세포 분화에 중요하다는 것을 보여 주었다. 본 연구에서 세포 내 ROS가 갓 태어난 쥐의 뇌에서 적출되어 배양된 SVZ 신경 줄기세포에서 검출된 것으로 나타났다. Nox 유사 유전자들 중 Nox4가 배양된 세포에서 주로 발현되었고, Nox1과 Nox2는 거의 발현되지 않았다. 또한, Nox4 유전자는 신경 세포 분화 동안 최대 10배까지 발현이 크게 증가하였다. Immunocytochemistry결과 Nox4 단백질은 신경 세포 특이적인 tubulin인 Tuj1-양성 신경 세포에서 주로 발견되었다. 이와 맥을 같이 하여, 내인성 ROS는 분화 후 축삭돌기를 가지고 있으며 신경 세포로 보이는 세포에서만 검출되었다. 또한, ROS를 제거하는N-acetyl cysteine에 의해 세포 산화 환원 상태가 교란되었을 때, 신경 세포로의 분화가 크게 감소하였다. 마지막으로, shRNA를 이용하 여 Nox4를 knockdown한 세포에서 신경 세포로의 분화가 감소하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 Nox4가 갓 태어난 쥐의 SVZ 신경 줄기 세포의 주요한 ROS 생성 효소이고, Nox4에 의한 ROS생성이 신경 세포 분화에 중요하다는 것을 암시한다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.199-208
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was performed to introduce an in vivo hybrid multimodality technique involving the coregistration of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) to concomitantly visualize and quantify mineralization and vascularization at follow-up in a rat model. Materials and Methods: Three adult female rats were randomly assigned as test subjects, with 1 rat serving as a control subject. For 20 weeks, the test rats received a weekly intravenous injection of 30 ㎍/kg zoledronic acid, and the control rat was administered a similar dose of normal saline. Bilateral extraction of the lower first and second molars was performed after 10 weeks. All rats were scanned once every 4 weeks with both micro-CT and HR-MRI. Micro-CT and HR-MRI images were registered and fused in the same 3-dimensional region to quantify blood flow velocity and trabecular bone thickness at T0 (baseline), T4 (4 weeks), T8 (8 weeks), T12 (12 weeks), T16 (16 weeks), and T20 (20 weeks). Histological assessment was the gold standard with which the findings were compared. Results: The histomorphometric images at T20 aligned with the HR-MRI findings, with both test and control rats demonstrating reduced trabecular bone vasculature and blood vessel density. The micro-CT findings were also consistent with the histomorphometric changes, which revealed that the test rats had thicker trabecular bone and smaller marrow spaces than the control rat. Conclusion: The combination of micro-CT and HR-MRI may be considered a powerful non-invasive novel technique for the longitudinal quantification of localized mineralization and vascularization.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.66-74
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• 1999

It is known that obesity is associated with chronic adult disease including stroke. However the relationship between stroke and obesity has not been discussed sufficiently, The purpose of this study was to confirm whether the serum Leptin levels related to BMI and these were associated with serum lipid levels and other risk factors in stroke patients. The subjects were 68 stroke patients(male 36. female 32) hospitalized in the Department of Circulatory Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul. Obesity was shown in 16 patients(24%) whose BMI were above 25. and in 15 patients(22%) who represented higher values than normal in serum Leptin levels. BMI correlated with serum Leptin level(p=0.04), with Triglyceride(p=0.019) and with Total lipid(p=0.001) significantly. Meanwhile serum Leptin levels significantly correlated with Total cholesterol(p=0.013) only. BMI in the group with a history of smoking was significantly lower than that of the non-smoking group(p=0.01). Serum Leptin levels were higher in the group with Hypertension than the non-Hypertension group(p=0.026), lower in the non-Drinking group(p=0.006) and the smoking group(p=0.001) than the drinking group and the non-smoking group. respectively. So we concluded that BMI significantly correlates with serum Leptin levels and serum lipid levels in stroke patients.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2003

본 연구의 목적은 핵의학 분야에서 생체 내 흡수선량의 직접 측정에 사용될 수 있는, 테프론을 씌운 TLD의 수행성을 알아보고, 흡수선량 측정 시 테프론의 영향에 대하여 분석하고자 한다. 테프론 캡슐에 든 LiF TLD-100의 반응감도를 고체 팬텀 내에서의 깊이를 달리 하며 측정하였다 성인 인체모형 팬텀을 이용하여 테프론을 씌운 TLD로써 생체 내 흡수선량을 측정하였다. 테프론을 씌우지 않은 보통의 TLD를 이용하여 구한 PDD, TMR, 그리고 생체흡수선량과 테프론을 씌운 TLD로 구한 값을 비교하였다. 보통의 TLD를 이용하여 구한 반응값과 테프론을 씌운 TLD로 구한 값의 차이는 build-up이상의 깊이에서는 같은 조건하에서 3％ 이내였다. 그러나 팬텀 표면 부근에서는 테프론 켑슐의 두께에 기인한 build-up 효과로 인해 큰 차이를 보였다. 본 연구에서 테프론 켑슐로 인하여 수 메가볼트의 방사선에 대한 TLD의 흡수선량 측정에 미치는 변화는 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 치료 환경 하에서 테프론을 씌운 TLD가 생체 내 선량측정에 매우 적합한 것으로 사료된다.