• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.153-165
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• 1995

The fluctuations of catches in set nets around Kyeongbuk Province, the eastern coast of Korea, were analyzed and investigated by on the values of CPUE(Catch Per Unit Effort per hauling), and composition of dominant species caught from 1985 to 1989. Annual CPUE values were fluctuated every year, but their trends were decreased year by year, When the values were evaluated by species, the trends of annual catches were shown decreasing in file fish(Auteridae), mackerel(Scomber japonicus), tuna(Thunnus Thynnus), rock fish(Sebastes schlegelid) and yellowtail(Seriola quinqueradiata), increasing in sardine(Sardinops melanosticta), jack mackerel(Trachurus japonicus), and herring(Clupea pallasi), and similar in squid(Todarodes pacificus) and cuttle fish(Sepiidae). The main fishing season evaluated by monthly CPUE was estimated from August to November with a little difference by regions : from August to November at Chukpyon and Kanggu, from September to November at Chuksan and Kampo, and August to December in Hupo. When the DPUE values were analyzed by species, the main fishing seasons were quite different by species. Mackerel, jack mackerel, tuna, yellowtail, and rock fish were caught mainly from September to October, file fish and squid from November to January, sardine from April to May, herring in May, and cuttle fish in April. Annual catches were shown highest level in file fish and revealed higher by sardine, jack mackerel, mackerel, squid, tuna, and yellowtail in order. But the highest catches among each species were different with seasons, and that from January to July was sardine, from November to December file fish. The main migrating seasons of file fish, mackerel, squid, tuna, and cuttle fish at Chukpyon were a little earlier than at other regions. Though the migrating seasons of jack mackerel and tuna were almost same in every regions, that of sardine were shown 3 month's difference according to regions. In the year when the warm currents were stronger than those of the normal year and their isotherms were formed from the north to south along the eastern coastal line, the annual fish catches in set net were show higher levels.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.228-240
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary and other factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD) in older Korean women. A total of 340 women aged 65 to 74 were recruited from the Kugoksoondam area (Kurye, Goksung, Soonchang and Damyang counties), known as the longevity-belt region in Jeonla province, Korea. They were categorized into two groups according to bone status by T-score : a nonosteoporotic group and an osteoporotic group. Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, health status health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, nutrient intake and mini nutrition assessment (MNA). The results are as follows: The mean age of 185 nonosteoporotic women was 69.6 years and that of 155 osteoporotic women was 70.9 years (p<0.001). The mean T-score of the nonosteoporotic group was $-1.5mg/cm^3$ and that of theosteoporotic group was $-3.2mg/cm^3$ (p<0.001). Height and body weight in the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher than in the osteoporotic group (p<0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in BMI, although the BMI in the nonosteoporotic group was slightly higher. Waist and hip circumferences in the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher than in the osteoporotic group (p<0.01, respectively), and the mid upper arm and calf circumferences were also significantly higher than in the osteoporotic group (p<0.001, p<0.01, respectively). The 5 m walking ability was significantly superior compared to the osteoporotic group. Serum levels did not show any significant differences between the groups and were within normal range. The serum total protein, albumin and Insulin-like growth factor (IGFs) levels of the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher than those of the osteoporotic group (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.001, respectively). IGF was 104.7 ng/mL for the nonosteoporotic group and 88.1 ng/mL for the osteoporotic group. Physical activity and appetite in the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). The favorite food groups of the nonosteoporotic group comprised more meats and fish than those of the osteoporotic group (p<0.05, respectively). Nutrient intake was not significantly different, with the exception of niacin intake (p<0.05), but the nutrient intake of the nonosteoporotic group was slightly higher than that of the osteoporotic group. The niacin intake of the nonosteoporotic group and the osteoporotic group were 11.4 mgNE and 10.0 mgNE, corresponding to 103.6% and 90.9% of the Korean EAR, respectively. The MNA score of the nonosteoporotic group was significantly more favorable than for the osteoporotic group. In conclusion, it is necessary to maintain adequate body weight and muscle mass. Habitual physical activity may have a beneficial effect on BMD for older women. Dietary factors, such as meat and fish, higher intake of niacin rich foods and nutrient status for older women also appear to have favorable effects on bone mineral density.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.450-456
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• 2007

This study was carried out investigate the effects of the period of dietary supplementation and the level of fermented mineral feed on daily body weight gain and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steer. The dietary treatments were compared during two supplementation periods (T1:Feeding Hanwoo steers from 18 months to 25 months, T2: feeding Hanwoo steers from 7 months to 25 months), and the diets tested were of four types (0%: normal concentrate as a basal diet, 1%: 1% addition of fermented mineral feed, 2%: 2% addition of fermented mineral feed, and 3%: 3% addition of fermented mineral feed). A Total of 35 Hanwoo steers were allocated into 7 feeding groups. The daily gain of the 0% fermented mineral feed group was lower (0.64 kg) than that of the other groups (1%: 1.08 kg, 2%: 0.90 kg, 3% treatment: 0.75 kg) for the T1 period, and for the T2 period the order was 1% (0.98 kg) > 0% (0.75 kg) > 1% (0.89 kg). The amount of back fat in decreasing order was as follows: 0% (12.0) > 1% (10.8) > 2% (10.2) > 3% fermented mineral feed (7.8 mm) for the T1 period, and for the T2 period the order was C (16 mm) > T1 (13.8 mm) > T3 treatment (12.6 mm). Eye muscle area increased with increased fermented mineral feed levels. The marbling score of the T1 groups was highest with 3% fermented mineral feed (4.2), and of the T2 groups, the highest score was seen with 1% fermented mineral feed (5.6). Meat color and meat maturity were not different among all groups. The grade of meat quantity and meat quality of both the T1 and T2 groups were highest with the addition of 3% fermented mineral feed. The daily income ranged from 2,062 won to 5,265 won in the T1 groups, which were ordered as follows: 1% > 2% > 3% > 0% fermented mineral feed, and of the T2 groups, the 1% group was highest at 6,098 Won, while the 3% group was lowest at 4,590 Won.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.495-503
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• 2010

Analyses were conducted to estimate the effect of quality grade on the carcass characteristics, physico-chemical and sensory traits of Longissimus dorsi in Hanwoo. A total of 42,113 carcasses were selected on the basis of five quality grades (grade $1^{++}$, $1^+$, 1, 2, and 3) and an additional 258 samples of Longissimus dorsi were used to evaluate the beef quality. The increase in quality grade from grade 3 to grade $1^{++}$ was significant (p<0.05) for carcass weight (from 338.7 kg to 387.2 kg), backfat thickness (from 7.45 mm to 12.23 mm) and marbling score (from 1.09 to 8.31). In contrast, significantly decreased levels of meat color, fat color, texture and maturity were apparent with increasing quality grade (p<0.05). Increasing quality grade was also correlated with significant increases (p<0.05) in crude fat contents (from 3.57% to 25.68%) and water holding capacity (from 52.41% to 58.03), and a decrease of the Warner-Bratzler shear force from 8.29 kg to 2.83 kg. The highest $L^*$ value (41.53) and highest cooking loss (22.11%) were observed with grade $1^{++}$ and 3 beef, respectively. There was no difference observed on $pH_{24}$ (5.53 to 5.66) among the quality grades, which were within the normal range. Sensory evaluation experiments revealed that quality grades were associated with significantly altered (all p<0.05) tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and overall acceptability. The crude fat contents showed significant correlation with juiciness (r=0.59), tenderness (r=0.71), flavor (r=0.55), and overall acceptability (r=0.69). The lower sensory trait scores were related to higher WBs. Grade $1^+$ Hanwoo beef had a significantly higher WBs and lower fat contents when compared to grade $1^{++}$ Hanwoo beef (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.567-573
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• 2001

Lactobacilli have been generally recognized as an important lactic acid bacteria present in the normal human intestinal flora. Fifty two Lactobacillus isolates were recovered from the feces of healthy Koreans whose age ranged from thirteen days after birth to 37 years. Among the isolates above, 17 isolates were tentatively identified as strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus and 3 isolates as strains of Lactobacillus casei. For their characterization, these twenty isolates were subjected to the experiments for the resistance to the artificial gastric juice, pH2.5 and bile salt. Interestingly, 3 strains survived pH 2.5 after 3 hour incubation in the artificial gastric juice with more than 75% of survival rate. L. acidophilus a-4 had the highest survival rate of 100%. Four strains including L. acidophilus a-3 grew gradually in MRS broth in the presence of the artificial bile salt. Cholesterol assimilation was also tested for the 20 isolates. The result showed that cholesterol concentration of the medium was reduced by 10 Lactobacillus isolates with more than 60%, as compared to the control. L. acidophilus a-2 had the highest reduction rate of 77%. Judging from these data obtained in vitro, some isolates ware likely to reach the lower small intestine after consumption without a significant loss of viability, suggesting that they had the potential to be developed as a probiotic culture which might lower the cholesterol level in human.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1371-1378
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• 2000

This study was performed to determine the antimutagenic and cytotoxic effect of Agaricus blazei Murill methanol extract on Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and human cancer cell lines using Ames test and cytotoxicity assay, respectively. In Ames test, methanol extract from A. blazei Murill did not exhibit any mutagenicity and most of the samples showed high antimutagenic effects against mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG), 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO), 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b] indol(Trp-P-1) and $benzo({\alpha})pyrene(B({\alpha})P)$. The methanol extracts of A. blazei Murill$(200\;{\mu}g/plate)$ showed approximately 92.4%, 81.9% and 83.4% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO, Trp-P-1 and $B({\alpha})P$ against TA98 strain, whereas 87.3%, 94.7%. 92.3% and 89.9% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG, 4NQO, Trp-P-1 and $B({\alpha})P$ against TA100 strain. The solvent fractions of methanol extracts from A. blazei Murill except water fraction showed high antimutagenic effects of $70{\sim}90%$ against mutation induced by MNNG, 4NQO. Trp-P-1 and $B({\alpha})P$. In anticancer effects of A. blazei Murill extract and fraction against cancer cell lines including human breast adenocarcinoma(MCF7), human lung carcinoma(A549), human fibrosarcoma(HT1080), human hepatocellular carcinoma(Hep3B), human epitheloid carcinoma(HeLa), human gastric carcinoma(KATO III) and human chronic myelogenous leukemia(K562) were investigated. The treatment of 1 mg/mL A. blazei Murill extracts had the highest cytotoxicity with 91.9% against HeLa, followed by KATO III(88.7%), A549(86.5%) and Hpe3B(84.3%). Whereas 1 mg/mL treatment of A. blazei Murill extracts had only $10{\sim}40%$ cytotoxicity on human normal liver cell (WRL68).

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.112-119
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• 2003

We studied the nutritional status of on mentally handicapped children living at home or in institutions since early teenage years are nutritionally important. The subjects of 7 to 12 year old mentally retarded children attenending a special education school in Seoul were surveyed with questionnaires as well as 2-day dietary recall records, with the help of persons of their care-giver when needed. Among the 64 children,54.7% are living in institutions and the rest of them are living at home. They were ranged from the trainable (64.1%) , the educable (26.6%) , and the non-trainable (9.4%) . Their average daily intake of energy intakes (%RDA) was 2,070.1 kcal (94.1%) , Ca 603.9 mg (75.5%) , Fe 11.1 mg (92.5%), Vt.A 507.5 RE (84.6%) , Vt. B$_2$.1g (88.2%), niacin 14.1 g (93.6%) and Vt. C 58.2 g (83.1%) . Their average intakes of these nutrients were significantly higher in subjects of institutions than at home. The nutrients consumed at a much higher level than the RDh of the normal children were Vt. B, (1.6 g,146.8%) and protein (75.3g, 136.9%) . The higher percentage of children at home were under consumed of several nutrients (< 75% RDA) than ones in institutions. When comparing the degree of handicap, energy and nutrient intakes except Vt. C were highest in educable children than trainable ones or Dawn's children. MAR of the diets of the subjects was 0.84. Children at home showed lower MAR as well as NAR of each nutrients, whereas children belonged to INQ < 1 were less at home. Handicapped children at home were snacking higher amount relative to their calorie intake and too frequently, that may lead to their poor nutrition. There was positive correlations between factors of nutrition and physical and dietary behaviors, but there were no correlations between factors of nutrition and health-related habits. Nutritional caring mentally handicapped children in institutions seemed to be more effectively managed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3561-3569
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• 2012

This study investigated the effect of mulberry fruit extract(MFE) on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of middle aged women with rheumatoid factor (RF). Thirty two middle-aged subjects were divided into two groups which were normal middle-aged group (NMG) and abnormal middle-aged group whose serum RF level were > 10 u/mL (AMG). All groups had consumed MFE (100 mL/day) for 4 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, serum inflammatory factors, serum oxidative stress markers analyses were performed at baseline and then at 4 weeks following the study. There were no significant differences in anthropometric measurements, including BMI, WHR and body fat composition between two groups. But after 4 weeks MFE consumption, serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), serum TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-2, IL-4 had significantly decreased (p<0.05) in AMG. These findings suggested that the MFE consumption as food may be protective against oxidation and inflammation like RA.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.83-93
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• 2016

This study was conducted to develop a 26-week obesity management program and examine the effects of this program on obesity index (body mass index, fat mass percentage, and triglyceride) and psychological variables, self-esteem, dietary self-efficacy, physical activity self-efficacy, and body image among 46 4th-6th obese elementary school children with a BMI above $20kg/m^2$ using a nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental design (experimental group=23, control group=23). This program included a 12-week intensive course (12 times for group education on obesity, exercise, and nutrition, 36 times for practicing diet and physical exercise, and 5 times for psychological counseling) and a 14-week follow-up course (3 times for group education, 3 times for checking diet and physical exercise, and 1 time for psychological counseling. The collected data were analyzed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, chi-squared test, Fisher's exact probability, t-test, and ANCOVA. There were above normal values in body mass index ($20kg/m^2$), fat mass percentage (15-20%), and triglyceride tolerance ($90mg/d{\ell}$) in experimental group and control group. The body mass index (F=94.869, p<.001), fat mass percentage (F=37.361, p<.001), and triglyceride tolerance (F=7.907, p= .007) were significantly lower, while self-esteem (F=19.661, p<.001), dietary self-efficacy (F=16.942, p<.001), physical activity self-efficacy (F=9.363, p= .004), and body image (F=9.782, p= .003) were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group after 26 weeks. This study provides evidence that the 26-weeks obesity management program is an effective nursing intervention for managing obesity and psychological variables of obese elementary school children.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.628-634
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• 2016

Many pitchers suffer from various types of injury (distortion, sprain and so on). The rate of injury is increased if there are differences in strength between the extensor and flexor muscles when a joint movement is performed with maximum speed. However, there has been insufficient research into the injury caused by strength differences between the extensor and flexor muscles. Thus, the purpose of the study was to examine the effects of elbow ulnar collateral ligament injury on the maximal isometric strength in young baseball pitchers. The data collection was conducted for 2 weeks. The subjects (n=36) who participated in this study were placed into either the injury group (n = 18, IG) or normal group (n = 18, NG). The maximal isometric strength for the pectoralis major (PM), infraspintus (I), biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), flexor carpi radialis (ECR) and extensor carpi radialis (FCR) muscles were determined by an isometric strength machine (K-DFX) and then the differences in strength were calculated by muscle group. All of the data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 with the independent t-test. In the results, the maximal isometric strengths in the IG for the I (p=0.035), BB (p=0.031) and TB (p=0.041) were significantly lower than those in the NG, while that for the ECR (p=0.047) was significantly greater. In addition, the differences of the maximal isometric strength between the PM and I (p = 0.008), BB and TB (p = 0.002), and FCR and ECR (p = 0.032) in the IG were significantly greater than those in the NG. In conclusion, the differences in muscle strengths of the subjects in the IG were greater than those in the NG, which suggests that they might have a higher injury rate in the future. However, they might be able to recover from their injury and achieve better performance if the differences in strength were reduced by training.