• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.265-273
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• 1994

In order to investigate the subjective symptoms of VDT workers according to the working condition, this qutionnaire survey was conducted on 477 workers of 11 general hospitals, 15 banks and 9 research institutions in Taejon city and Chungnam province from June, 1993 to october 1933. The following results were obtained : 1. The main subjective symptoms answered by VDT workers were "eye strain". "eye pain". "blurred vision" for eye symptoms, "fatigue", "tendency to be fed up", "impatience" for psychoneurotic symptoms and "shoulder stiffness", "neck stiffness", "low back pain" for musculoskeletal symptoms. Most of these symptoms of VDT workers higher in female than male. 2. The number of VDT workers who complained eye and musculoskeletal symptoms were significantly increased. Smoking VDT workers showed higher complained rate of eye, psychoneurotic and musculoskeletal symptoms than nonsmoking group but alcohol drinking group showed higher rate of symptoms complaints of eye and musculoskeletal symptoms than not drinking alcohol group. 3. The VDT wokers who worked longer hours continuously and more hours of daily work, complained more frequent eye and musculoskeletal symptoms. 4. All subjective symptoms showed positive correlation to the sex and daily VDT working hours.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2019

Purpose: This study investigated sleep satisfaction and influencing factors in Korean adolescents with atopic dermatitis. Methods: Data were obtained from 4,570 subjects who completed the 2017 13th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and multiple-sample logistic regression were used. Results: The results of this study were as follows. Gender, academic achievement, economic status, perceived stress, happiness, health status, and depression in the subjects showed a significant difference in terms of sleep satisfaction in atopic adolescents. Multiple-sample logistic regression analysis showed that male adolescents (odds ratio (OR)=0.48), academic achievement (low OR=0.67, middle OR=0.78), economic status (low OR=0.50, middle OR=0.64), lack of depression (OR=0.63), perceived stress (very OR=4.65, a little OR=2.25), perceived happiness (unhappy OR=1.99, moderate OR=1.22), perceived health status (unhealthy OR=2.17, ordinary OR=1.35), alcohol nondrinking (OR=0.75), and nonsmoking (OR=0.73) were not associated with sleep satisfaction. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop interventions that can relieve stress management and depression and develop positive emotions in atopic adolescents. In addition, there is a need to improve the environment to avoid health risks such as alcohol consumption and smoking and to minimize the effects of passive smoking.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.453-466
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• 1995

The use of tissue conditioners has come into favor for preprosthetic treatment and the treatment of Denture stomatitis, but the major problem in the use of the tissue conditioner is the growth of C.albicans. To compare the growth of C.albicans according to the type and the wearing period of the tissue conditioner, three commercial tissue conditioners were relined to intraoral plates which were delivered to 14 smoking, 12 nonsmoking healthy men. Cultures were made from the conditioner surface at 2, 7, 14, 21 days after after intraoral placement. The frequency of positive culture and colony counts of C.albicans were measured by imprint culture technique. The following results were achieved : 1. The frequency of positive cluture had increased significantly for all materials used. 2. The frequency of positive culture had incresed significantly around 2,14 days for day for COE-Comfort, SR-Ivoseal. 3. There were no significant difference in the colony counts of C.albicans among the mate rials used. 4. There were an over-all increase with the wearing period of tissue conditioners and significant increase around 2, 7, 14 days for COE-Comfort, and 2, 14 days for SR-Ivoseal, viscogel in colony counts. 5. Smoking had no effect on the growth of C.albicans. That is, there were no difference among the materials used in the growth of C.albicans. In the clinical application of tissue conditioners, we should avoid a long term use of it, but in inevitable cases, special disinfection procedures should be considered.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.677-692
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• 1998

In order to study the effects of cigarette smoking on periodontal tissue, gingival fibroblast from the smoking and nonsmoking groups were cultured and each group were treated with nicotine(50ng/ml,100ng/ml) and NNK(50ng/ml, 100ng/ml) to test their attachment ability at time intervals of 30minutes, 60minutes, 90minutes, 120minutes, and 240minutes. Using the same method, the growth each group treated with nicotine and NNK in order to compare their attachment ability and growth rate was done. The Results are as follows. 1. In comparing the attachment ability and growth rate between the smoking and non-smoking group were significantly higher in all time intervals. 2. When the attachment ability was com-pared among these two groups after treatment with nicotine and NNK, the non-smoking group showed decrease in attachment ability while the smoking group was not affected. 3. The growth rate of these two groups were compared after treating with nicotine and NNK. The growth rate of fibroblast from the non-smoking group decreased while fibroblast from the smoking group was not affected. These results suggest that fibroblast from the non-smoking group showed higher attachment ability, growth rate, and sensitivity to nicotine and NNK. This implies that fibroblast from the non-smoking group is a more reliable source in testing the cytotoxicity of nicotine and NNK. Also it could be reasonable to think that nicotine and NNK is a probable cause for problems in attachment and repair mechanism.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.83 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2020

Background: In January 2015, South Korea's government raised the cigarette tax, and the retail price of cigarettes abruptly increased by 80% compared to the previous year. This research aimed to determine the effect of this increase on smoking cessation among South Korean smokers. Methods: We analyzed data collected by the 2013-2015 South Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 15,203 South Koreans over 19 years old using regression analysis. We examined the recent non-smoking period of nonsmoking people, prepared according to the survey, and analyzed the recent smoking cessation ratio. Results: Among smokers, from 2013 to 2014, the smoking cessation rate was 7.2%, and it increased to 9.9% in 2015 after the increase in the cigarette tax. In 2015, the recent smoking cessation rate was higher among people over the age of 60 (odds ratio [OR], 2.67) compared to those between the ages of 40 and 49. The recent smoking cessation rate was higher among people with below elementary education (OR, 2.28) and above university education (OR, 1.94) compared to high school, higher for those with apartments (OR, 1.74) compared to general type residences, and higher among those with a household income in the low-middle quartile (Q2) (OR, 2.32) compared to the highest quartile (Q4). Conclusion: This innovative policy including increase in cigarette prices affected smoking cessation, and its impact varied by sub-group of smokers in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.1-20
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in regions and social environmental factors for centenarians between two countries. The sample sizes for this paper were a total number of centenarians in the two countries. Centenarians from different regions were examined in conjunction with the social environmental factors of the longevity approach. Statistical analysis was done using the Pearson's coefficient of correlation and regression equations. It became evident that centenarians among two countries lived in regions with lower income levels, lower tobacco consumption, lower levels of air pollution, onion and barley productions, fewer motor vehicles, a lower divorce rate, lower unemployment, soybean and garlic productions, and less water pollution. The finding imply that centenarians among two countries lead to a life of longevity is the result not only social environmental factors reactions that have fresh air, clean water and health food but also of health behaviors that have bacco consumption and divorce rate. Also, these support future studies of improvement of social environmental pollution, agricultural products of health food, and health behaviors of nonsmoking for life of longevity.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.195-213
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• 2006

Follow-up surveys with 700 smoking male adults and 300 nonsmoking male adults were performed before 20-days and after one month, three months and six months since government's price increase enforcement. 572 smokers among 700 and 198 non-smokers among 300 were remained and followed up till the end of the surveys. The cessation rate of smokers are 6.6%(after one month), 10.3%(after three months) and 11.0%(after six months). Smoking cessation ratio of new smoking quilters who considered that price increase as a motive of their giving-up smoking are 76.3%, 81.3% and 65.1%. The smokers estimates of short-run price elasticities from follow-up surveys are -0.6853, -0.6230 and -0.5482 at each survey period. Including non-smokers, estimates of short-run price elasticities from follow-up surveys are -0.3920, -0.3739 and -0.3481 at each survey period. The effect of demand decrease caused by KR\500 price increase stayed with little difference for six months because price elasticities between each survey period showed no much change. Effectiveness and validity of tobacco control by price increase was confirmed through the survey results. Therefore if the government want to attain long term strategic goal to decrease general smoking rate among male adult smokers by 30%, the strong smoking prohibition policy, just like the price increase of December 2004, should be continuously driven.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2004

Bone mineral density (BMD) focus one's attention on prevention effects of osteoporosis. This study was conducted to investigate BMD (lumbar spin : L2- L4, femur neck : m, femur trochanter TR, femur ward's triangle : WT, wrist) and look into the factors that affect BMD by menopause in 89 nonsmoking healthy Korean women (40-60 yr). Anthropometric index and body composition, nutrient intakes, osteocalcin and total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and calcium in serum were determined. Body fat mass, diastolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol concentration of postmenopausal women were significantly higher than those of premenopausal women. FN, TR, WT, wrist BMD of postmenopausal women were not different from those of premenopausal women. However L2- L4 BMD of postmenopausal women was lower than that of premenopausal women. Significant positive correlations were found between L2-L4, FN, TR, WT and weight (r = 0.44, r = 0.64, r = 0.58, r = 0.57) and significant positive correlations were found between FN, TR, WT and BMI (r =: 0.54, r = 0.41, r = 0.54) of premenopausal women. Whereas significant positive correlation was only found between TR BMD and weight. BMI (r = 0.38, r = 0.29) of postmenopausal women. FN BMD and WC (waist circumstance) of premenopausal women were found significant positive correlation (r = 0.35) whereas L2-L4 BMD and WC of postmenopausal women was found significant negative correlation (r = -0.31) . In premenopausal women. differences of bone BMD were not shown by exercise and alcohol drinking, but in postmenopausal women, significant difference of FN BMD was shown by exercise and alcohol drinking. These results suggested that by menopause, effects of weight, BMI, WC, exercise and alcohol drinking on bone BMD were different. Therefore, by menopause, we should consider the different ways to increase the bone BMD according to different factors.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.84-94
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• 2014

Periodontal disease is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases in the oral cavity, and this is the leading cause of loss of teeth. Studies on the association between diet and periodontal diseases are very limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between food and nutrient intakes and the prevalence of periodontitis. Subjects were 13,391 adults participating in the 2008-2010 Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Periodontitis was diagnosed by dentists using the Community Periodontal Index. Nutrient intakes were estimated by the 24-hour dietary recall. Consumption frequencies of foods were from the food frequency questionnaire. Subjects were categorized into 'smoking' or 'non-smoking' groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the association between diet and periodontitis. The proportions of subjects having periodontitis were 26% in the non-smoking group and 37.5% in the smoking group. In the nonsmoking group, intakes of fruits, dairy products, green tea, energy and vitamin C were inversely associated with the prevalence of periodontitis, but fish and coffee intakes were positively associated with the prevalence of periodontitis after adjusting for covariates. In the smoking group, protein and retinol intakes were inversely associated with the prevalence of periodontitis after adjusting for covariates. These results suggest that certain food and nutrient intakes such as fruits, dairy products, green tea, vitamin C, protein, or retinol intakes may affect the prevalence of periodontitis among Korean adults. Further studies are required to confirm these findings in other research settings.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2006

This study is designed to take a look at college women's understanding of the actual condition of their smoking and the harmfulness of their smoking, to make an analysis of smoking factors affecting oral health and to present basic materials for the development of oral health education programs. Self-administered questionnaires were given to the subjects from May 22 through June 2, 2003. The results were as follows. 1. 71.7 percent of the subjects said that they had no experience. 16.7 percent of them said that they had had experience. 11.6 percent of them said that they are now smoking. The oftener they don't live with their parents, the more monthly money they had, the more smoking experience they had(p<0.001). 2. 37.4 percent of the subjects said that they brush their teeth three times a day. And 52.2 percent of them said that they brush their teeth after smoking. 3. The rate of using dental floss and interdental brushes accounts for 46.5%, and the ratio of having tartar scaled from their teeth accounts for 45.5%. There was no significant difference in accordance with smoking or nonsmoking. 4. The subjects with no smoking experience(76.0%) thought that they had better teeth condition than their counterparts(64.3%). But there was no significant difference. 5. 56.5 percent of the subjects responded that their dental condition was related to their smoking, but 43.5 percent of them said that it was not.