• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2012

An upland monitoring was conducted for about 4 years with respect to the water and quality of rainfall-runoff. The objective was to characterize of runoff and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution from a sandy field with 4.5 % in slope under balloonflower (2008-2010) and potato (2011) cultivation. Balloonflower was cultivated without any surface cover but potato was grown under plastic mulching. Runoff rate, EMCs and NPS pollution loads were estimated. The first flush effect was evaluated, and the correlation coefficient among the selected water quality indices were analyzed. Average rainfall size was higher by 2.3 mm when balloonflower was cultivated but average runoff rate was higher by 0.02 when potato was cultivated due to the plastic mulching. EMCs monitored from balloonflower field were higher than potato field except SS and TN, but all NPS pollution loads of potato field were 2.1~22.9 times greater than balloonflower field because of larger runoff volume. As a result of first flush effects, balloonflower and potato field were more influenced by increasing of accumulated rainfall and rainfall intensity rather than first flush. In the result of correlation analysis, there were no evident correlations between runoff and water quality indices. However, there were obvious correlations between SS and the other indices except TN. As a result of this study, it was thought that perennial balloonflower crop could help reduce runoff and NPS pollution loads but annual crop with plastic mulching increase them.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.653-664
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• 2015

TPLMS (Total water pollutant load management system) that is the most powerful water-quality protection program have been implemented since 2004. In the implementation of TPLMS, target water-quality and permissible discharged load from each unit watershed can be decided by water-quality modeling. And NPS (Non-point sources) discharge coefficients associated with certain (standard) flow are used on estimation of input data for model. National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) recommend NPS discharge coefficients as 0.15 (Q₂₇₅) and 0.50 (Q₁₈₅) in common for whole watershed in Korea. But, uniform coefficient is difficult to reflect various NPS characteristics of individual watershed. Monthly NPS discharge coefficients were predicted and estimated using surface flow and water-quality from HSPF watershed model in this study. Those coefficients were plotted in flow duration curve of study area (Palger stream and Geumho C watershed) with monthly average flow. Linear regression analysis was performed about NPS discharge coefficients of BOD, T-N and T-P associated with flow, and R² of regression were distributed in 0.893~0.930 (Palger stream) and 0.939~0.959 (Geumho C). NPS Discharge coefficient through regression can be estimated flexibly according to flow, and be considered characteristics of watershed with watershed model.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2011

Effect of rice straw mat and wood shaves on the reduction of runoff and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution loads from field plots were experimentally studied. Three runoff plots of $5{\times}22$ m in size and 3 % in slope were prepared on a loamy sand field. Each plot was equipped with a flume to measure runoff and collect water samples. Experimental treatments of surface cover were bare, wood shaves (1,000 kg/ha) and rice straw mat cover (3,000 kg/ha). Under radish was cultivation. During the growing season of the radish, three rainfall-runoff events were monitored. Effect of wood shaves and straw mat cover on runoff reduction was 4~30 % and 33~75 % respectively compared to control. The effect on NPS pollution reduction was 36.8 and 64.3 % in BOD, 41.1 and 80.8 % in SS, 34.0 and 56.1 % in TP and 28.0 and 56.6 % in TN respectively. It was analyzed that the reduction of runoff and NPS pollution were mainly contributed by the decrease of rainfall energy impact and flow velocity and the increase of infiltration due to the surface cover materials. Rice straw mat showed very stable soil cover while large portion of wood shaves were lost during heavy storm events. It was concluded that straw mat was an efficient cover material to reduce NPS pollution from upland fields.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2008

포장지역 중 도로는 많은 차량의 운행으로 건조시 각종 오염물질의 축적인 높은 토지이용이며, 불투수율이 높아 강우시 고농도의 비점오염물질의 유출이 발생한다. 특히 도로 노면에서 유출되는 강우유출수는 입자상 물질 및 각종 중금속 등의 함량이 높아 인근 수계 유입시 수질악화 및 수생태계 파괴의 원인으로 작용한다. 도로에 침착되는 오염물질의 원인으로는 차량 통행으로 수반되는 윤활계통의 오일류 누출 및 타이어 마모 등이 주요 원인이다. 이러한 비점오염물질의 유출을 저감하고 관리하기 위하여 환경부는 2006년 수질 및 수생태계보전에 관한 법률을 개정하여 비점오염원 관리를 환경부의 중요 정책으로 확립하였다. 또한 수질오염총량관리제도의 도입으로 그 중요성이 높은 토지계의 오염원단위 개정을 위하여 환경기초조사사업을 통해 2015년까지 수행되는 장기모니터링을 수립하여 시행하고 있다. 그러나 오염총량제의 조기정착과 효율적 비점오염원 관리를 위해서는 토지이용별 비점오염물질의 특성파악, 부하량 산정, 처리 메커니즘 규명 및 원단위 산정이 시급하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 차량의 운행이 많은 국도에서의 모니터링 결과를 활용하여 유출 특성파악과 EMC 산정 등을 통하여 비점오염원 관리에 중요한 기본 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구를 위한 모니터링 지점은 경기도 용인시에 위치하고 있으며, 모니터링은 2006년부터 최근까지 총 16회의 강우사상에 대하여 수행되었다. 국도는 많은 차량으로 인하여 비점오염물질의 유출이 높은 토지이용 지역이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 경기도 용인시에 위치하고 있는 국도에서의 비점오염 모니터링을 통하여 유출특성 파악, 초기 강우현상 파악, EMC 산정 및 오염물질간의 상관성을 분석하였다. 오염물질간의 상관분석결과, 오염물질 중 TSS항목이 다른 오염물질과의 상관관계가 높은 것으로 분석되었고, TSS농도로부터 다른 오염물질의 농도의 산정이 가능하여, 향후 효율적 비점 오염 모니터링 수행과 비점오염저감시설 선정시 중요한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2021

Effective nonpoint source (NPS) pollution management requires frequent water quality monitoring, which is, however, often costly to be implemented in practice. Statistical techniques and machine learning methods allow us to identify and focus on fundamental environmental variables that have close relationships with NPS pollutants of interest. This study developed surrogate models to predict the concentrations of suspended sediment (SS) and total phosphorus (T-P) from turbidity and runoff discharge rates using multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF) methods. The RF models provided acceptable performance in predicting SS and T-P, especially when runoff discharge rates were high. The RF models outperformed the MLR models in all the cases. Such finding highlights the potential of RF techniques and models as a tool to identify fundamental environmental variables that are measured in relatively inexpensive ways or freely available but still able to provide information required to quantify the concentrations of NP S pollutants. The analysis of relative importance rates showed that the temporal variations of SS and T-P concentrations could be more effectively explained by that of turbidity than runoff discharge rate. This study demonstrated that the advanced statistical techniques such as machine learning could help to improve the efficiency of NPS pollutants monitoring.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.80-93
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 1980년대부터 수행되어온 비점오염원과 관련된 연구동향을 1) 비점오염물질의 유출특성, 2) 처리기술, 3) LID 및 GI 기술, 4) 관리방안 및 정책의 4개 분야로 나누어 검토하고, 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다. 비점오염원과 관련된 연구는 2010년 이전까지는 주로 비점오염물질의 유출특성에 관한 연구가 주를 이루었으며, 최근에는 LID 및 GI 기술 개발 효과평가 및 적용이 주를 이루고 있었다. 비점오염원의 대책마련을 위해서는 사회 지리 환경 기상 등 많은 분야를 접목한 연구가 이루어져야 하지만 아직까지는 많이 미흡한 실정이었다. 또한, 지역적으로 비점오염의 발생 원인물질과 최적 저감대책이 다를 수밖에 없으므로 중앙정부에 의한 일률적인 대책과 가이드라인보다는 지역의 특성을 고려한 대책과 가이드라인의 마련이 필요하였다. 아울러 관주도가 아니라 민간주도로 비점오염원을 관리할 수 있는 법과 제도의 마련이 필요하였다. 아울러 관주도가 아니라 민간주도로 비점오염원을 관리할 수 있는 법과 제도의 마련을 위한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2014

In this study, the water quality purification of new medias which were NPS media, hyugato, mineral stone, charcoal for applying soil media of Integrated Management Practices (IMPs) of Low Impact Development (LID) were evaluated. The influent concentrations of COD, T-N, and T-P were 117.8 mg/L, 17.1 mg/L, and 2.062 mg/L, respectively. The infiltration capacities of NPS media, hyugoto, mineral stone, charcoal, and gravel were $7.1{\times}10m/s$, $7.3{\times}10^{-5}m/s$, $7.9{\times}10^{-5}m/s$, $6.0{\times}10^{-5}m/s$, respectively. All media meet criteria of infiltration capacity as surface soil layer at IMPs which is over $1.0{\times}10^{-5}m/s$. Maximum removal rates of COD, T-N, and T-P occurred at Charcoal with 98 % of COD removal rate, NPS with 78 % of T-N removal rate, and hyugato with 75 % fo T-P removal rate, respectively. For more high removal efficiency of all water quality item, the mixed media which is 4.5(NPS media): 1(charcoal) : 4.5 (hyugato) as volume ratio was evaluated. The infiltration capacity of mixed media was $7.9{\times}10^{-5}m/s$ and met the criteria of infiltration as surface soil layer. The water quality removal efficiencies of mixed media were very high with showing 70 % for COD, 85 % for T-N, and 71 % for T-P. The mixed media could purify the water quality of surface runoff and was recommended to used at the LID site of ground water quality problem.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.965-975
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• 2012

Loading of NPS pollutant was valued through simulation by using BASINS/HSPF model which can simulate runoff volume in rainfall by time. For the verification of the model, it was analyzed the scatter diagram of the simulation value and measure value of water quality and runoff volume in Dongcheon estuary. Using the built model, a study on the time-variant characteristics of runoff and water quality was simulated by being classified into four cases. The result showed the simulation value was nearly same as that of the measured runoff. In the result of fit level test for measured value and simulated value, correlation of runoff volume was computed high by average 0.86 and in the water quality items, fit level of simulation and measurements was high by BOD 0.82, T-N 0.85 and T-P 0.79.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.393-405
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 권역별 수질평가 및 비점오염원 배출부하량을 산정하여, 낙동강수계 권역별 비점 오염원 오염도를 평가하고, 우선관리유역 선정 및 향후 관리방향을 설정하였다. 낙동강수계 수질평가를 실시한 결과, 중권역별 BOD농도를 기준으로 Ia등급에 해당하는 중권역이 10개, Ib등급이 6개, II등급이 5개, III등급이 1개 중권역에 해당하는 것으로 나타났다. COD 농도의 경우, Ib등급에 해당하는 중권역이 9개, II등급이 6개, III등급이 6개, IV등급이 1개 중권역에 해당하는 것으로 나타났다. 중권역 내 수질 오염도를 검토하여 오염도 순위를 적용하는 기준으로 하였으며, 그 결과 금호강 중권역, 낙동고령 중권역, 낙동밀양 중권역 및 남강 중권역이 선정되었다. 중권역별 토지계 원단위를 활용하여 비점오염원 배출부하량을 산정한 결과, 가장 많은 비점오염부하량을 배출하는 중권역은 금호강 중권역 으로 17,706.7 kg/day로 나타났다. 낙동강수계 비점오염원에 대한 수질평가 및 부하량 산정 결과 금호강중권역에 대한 비점오염원 관리가 가장 우선시 되어야 함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2003년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.575-578
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• 2003

Constructed wetlands have become a popular technology for treating contaminated surface and wastewater. In this study, the field experiment to reduce nonpoint source pollution from watershed runoff during rainy day using wetland and pond. TSS and T-N removal rate of wetland-pond system and pond-wetland system was 91% and 73%, 94% and 70%, respectively and values were same range. $BOD_5$ and T-P removal rate of pond-wetland system (38% and 78%) was higher than wetland-pond system (27% and 62%). overall, pond-wetland system is more useful than wetland-pond system to control NPS.