• 응용통계연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.123-138
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• 2010

총 28일에 걸친 매일의 불편감 증상점수에 근거하여 월경 전 증후군을 가린 후, 임상에서 의료인의 진단시 유용하게 사용될 수 있는 월경 전 증후패턴의 시작점을 추정한다. 이러한 추정에 앞서 불편감 증상점수가 과연 변화 추세를 보이는가의 검정이 우선되어야 하며, 모수적 단순회귀식에 의한 검정법과 비모수적 검정법을 적용한다. 실제 여성에게서 수집된 자료에 적용하여 분석한다. 증상점수의 직선적인 변화시점을 알아내는 단순회귀 방법과 직선 형태를 가정하지 않는 비모수적 검정법은 최적이 되는 상황이 서로 다를 것이며, 이를 모의실험으로 알아본다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.341-353
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• 2009

두 군의 처리를 비교하는 임상시험에서 효능(efficacy)과 안전성(safety)이 동일하게 중요한 변수로 취급되는 경우에 이변량(bivariate) 반응변수로서 분석되고 연구계획의 단계에서도 이변량 표본수 결정방법이 사용되어야 한다. Thall과 Cheng (1999)은 효능과 안전성의 반응값이 이변량 이항(bivariate binary) 변수인 경우의 표본수 결정방법을 제시하였으며, 본 연구에서는 목표모수 설정과정은 기존의 연구와 같으나 월콕슨-만-휘트니(Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney: WMW) 통계량에 근거한 검정법과 표본수 결정방법을 제시한다. Thall과 Cheng (1999)의 검정통계량은 변수 변환시킨 비율의 근사 정규성에 근거하는 반면에, WMW 통계량은 확률에 근거한 비모수적 방법으로 이변량 이항변수 뿐만 아니라 이변량 순위변수로 측정된 반응값에도 적용시킬 수 있다 Thall과 Cheng (1999)에 제시한 항암치료 임상연구의 두 예제에 위의 두 다른 방법으로 계산된 표본수를 비교한 결과, Thall과 Cheng (1999)의 첫째 예제에서는 이변량 WMW 방법에 의한 표본수가 더욱 작았으나 둘째 예제에서는 더욱 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.252-259
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• 2014

2009년부터 공공기관, 교육기관, 의료기관, 복지시설의 국내 웹 접근성 의무화를 시작하여 2015년까지 문화예술, 법인까지 단계적으로 의무화 적용을 계획하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 언론사(방송사, 종합일간지, 스포츠신문, 인터넷신문) 사이트의 웹 접근성 평가를 통하여, 국내 언론사들이 어느 정도 웹 사이트 접근성을 준수하고 있는지를 KWA-H 4.3 자동평가도구에서 제공하는 6개 자동점검 지침으로 평가하고, 통계적인 측면에서 분석해 보았다. 비모수적 분석인 크루스칼-왈리스(Kruskal-Wallis) 검정 결과, 기본언어 명시 항목의 경우 방송사> 인터넷신문> 종합일간지> 스포츠신문 순으로 높은 준수율(p값=0.041)을 보였으며, 레이블 제공 항목에 대해서는 스포츠신문> 방송사> 종합일간지> 인터넷신문 순으로 준수율(p값=0.015)이 나타났다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there were improvements on balance when both ankle-jointed calf muscles and hip muscles, which affect balance capabilities, were activated through taping techniques and EMS. In this study, the One Leg Standing Test, a static balance test, was conducted by experimenting on a flat floor, foam pad, and a stretching board with a gradient of 20 degrees, respectively, to study static balance capabilities in different situations. Nine healthy men in their 20s were measured five times every five minutes considering muscle fatigue, and the difference between each variable was analyzed through post-test using nonparametric statistical analysis. Our results showed an equal increase in static balance capability was similar when EMS was applied only to calf muscles and only to hip muscles. Notably most improvements were seen when wearing calf supporters and taping technology pants, and applying EMS together. It was also found that the difference between EMS electric stimulation and balance capability was greater when wearing and applying supporters and taping technology pants. Based on the results of the present study, a muscle support band and EMS of taping techniques can improve balance capabilities. These findings are expected to form a basis for solutions Improving the balance capabilities

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate how wearing calf support and applying of electronic muscle simulation(EMS) affected the ability to balance. In this study, the one leg standing test for static balance and the Y balance test for dynamic balance were used to assess balance. At this time, the pressure of the calf support was different to produce two supporters, and a difference between wearing the support before, after, and after applying EMS was evaluated. Seven men in their 20s with healthy bodies were measured five times each with a five-minute break, taking into account muscle fatigue, and the difference between each variable was analyzed through a follow-up test using nonparametric statistical analysis. Studies have shown more difference from supporter B with a more appropriate pressure (mmgh) for increasing balance capability than from supporter A. In addition, it was confirmed that the use of EMS electrostimulation and support before measuring the balance capability resulted in a greater difference. The proper pressure (mmgh) supporters and EMS can increase the ability to balance, and these results can be expected to improve the balance ability of ordinary people in their daily lives.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1029-1048
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• 2018

In this study, seasonal Mann - Kendall test method was applied to 12 stations of the water quality measurement network of Nam-River based on data of BOD, COD, TN and TP for 11 years from January 2005 to December 2015 The changes of water quality at each station were examined through linear trends and the tendency of water quality change during the study period was analyzed by applying the locally weighted scatter plot smoother (LOWESS) method. In addition, spatial trends of the whole Nam-River were examined by items. The flow-adjusted seasonal Kendall test was performed to remove the flow at the water quality measurement station. As a result, BOD, COD concentration showed "no trand" and TN and TP concentration showed "down trand" in regional Kendall test throughout the study period. BOD and TP concentration in "no trand", COD, and TN concentration showed an "up trand" tendency in Nam-River dam. LOWESS analysis showed no significant water quality change in most of the analysis items and stations, but water quality fluctuation characteristics were shown at some stations such as NR1 (Kyungho-River 1), NR2 (Kyungho-River 2), NR3 (Nam-River), NR6 (Nam-River 2A). In addition, the flow-adjusted seasonal Kendall results showed that the BOD concentration was "up trand" due to the flow at the NR3 (Nam-River) station. The COD concentration was "up trand" due to the flow at NR1 (Kyungho-River 1) and NR2 (Kyungho-River 2) located upstream of the Nam-River. The effect of influent flow on water quality varies according to each site and analysis item. Therefore, for the effective water quality management in the Nam-River, it is necessary to take measures to improve the water quality at the point where the water quality is continuously "up trand" during the study period.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.157-175
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• 2021

본 연구는 기술보증기금이 2017년부터 2019년까지 기술평가를 통하여 보증 지원한 기술 중소기업 중 3,214개 기업을 대상으로 4차 산업혁명 기업과 일반 중소기업으로 구분한 후 경영 특성이 고성장 기업 결정에 미치는 영향을 실증 분석하였다. 고성장 기업 판단은 OECD(2007)의 정의를 적용하여 최근 2년간 매출액 증가율이 연간 평균 20% 이상인 기업이다. 표본 대상의 두집단이 비정규분포를 따르고 있어 Mann-Whitney U test 비모수 검증으로 평균치 차이 분석을 하였다. 또한 정규성 가정이 덜 엄격한 이변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 독립변수는 대표자 역량, 인적자본 역량, 기술혁신 역량, 기본 특성, 지역더미, 기술수준 더미이다. 이에 대응하는 하위변수는 대표자 학력, 대표자 동업종 경험 수준, 상시 종업원, 연구 인력, 지식 재산권 수, 연구개발 투자금액, 기업 업력, 총자산, 지역_수도권, 지역_중부권, 기술수준_첨단기술, 기술수준_중기술이다. 분석결과, 4차 산업혁명 기업은 대표자 동업종 경험수준, 상시종업원, 기업업력, 총자산, 기술수준_첨단기술의 연구가설이 지지되었다. 일반 중소기업은 대표자 동업종 경험수준, 연구인력, 총자산, 지역_수도권의 연구가설이 지지되었다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2023

Objectives This study is designed to evaluate the safety of palmul-tang soft extract in healthy male volunteers. Methods Twelve healthy male volunteers were recruited. And this study was conducted in a single center. As a result of the laboratory test, the safety was evaluated by collecting vital signs of volunteers. Twelve subjects were assigned by serial number according to the registration order. For safety evaluation, blood samples were collected and vital signs were checked four times throughout the test period, including screening, pre-administration, post-administration (after 48 hours) and post-administration (after 7 days). The difference in variables was summarized as the mean±standard deviation. The normality was performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test. If normality is satisfied, a paired t-test is applied. Otherwise, the Wilcoxon sign rank test, which is a nonparametric method, is applied. The significance was p<0.05. The incidence of all side effects is expressed as a percentage. Results In the case of red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values, the result of normality test of variables for the difference value before and after administration is significant level p<0.05. However, all laboratory test values before and after administration did not deviate from the normal range. Also the deviations in the normal range could not be seen as significance related to this clinical trial. And no side effects related to clinical trial drugs were observed. Conclusions The soft extract of palmul-tang was considered safe for healthy male volunteers.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2009

In this paper, we consider simultaneous confidence intervals for the difference of proportions between two groups taken from multivariate binomial distributions in a nonparametric way. We briefly discuss the construction of simultaneous confidence intervals using the method of adjusting the p-values in multiple tests. The features of bootstrap simultaneous confidence intervals using non-pooled samples are presented. We also compute confidence intervals from the adjusted p-values of multiple tests in the Westfall (1985) style based on a pooled sample. The average coverage probabilities of the bootstrap simultaneous confidence intervals are compared with those of the Bonferroni simultaneous confidence intervals and the Sidak simultaneous confidence intervals. Finally, we give an example that shows how the proposed bootstrap simultaneous confidence intervals can be utilized through data analysis.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.319-325
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• 1991

이 논문에서는 일반화된 관측 모델의 특수한 때에 순위 통계량을 써서 알려진 신호를 비모수 검파하는 한 가지 방법을 생각하였다. 좀더 구체적으로는 신호의존성 잡음 모델에서 알려진 신호 국소 최적 순위 검파기를 얻고 이를 순가산성 잡음 모델에서 얻은 국소 최적 순위 검파기와 견주어 보았다. 또한 국소 최적 순위 검파기의 검정 통계량을 이루는 점수 함수의 몇가지 보기를 보였다.