• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.2496-2512
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• 2021

The requirements for powerful computing capability, high capacity, low latency and low energy consumption of emerging services, pose severe challenges to the fifth-generation (5G) network. As a promising paradigm, mobile edge networks can provide services in proximity to users by deploying computing components and cache at the edge, which can effectively decrease service delay. However, the coexistence of heterogeneous services and the sharing of limited resources lead to the competition between various services for multiple resources. This paper considers two typical heterogeneous services: computing services and content delivery services, in order to properly configure resources, it is crucial to develop an effective offloading and caching strategies. Considering the high energy consumption of 5G base stations, this paper considers the hybrid energy supply model of traditional power grid and green energy. Therefore, it is necessary to design a reasonable association mechanism which can allocate more service load to base stations rich in green energy to improve the utilization of green energy. This paper formed the joint optimization problem of computing offloading, caching and resource allocation for heterogeneous services with the objective of minimizing the on-grid power consumption under the constraints of limited resources and QoS guarantee. Since the joint optimization problem is a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem that is impossible to solve, this paper uses deep reinforcement learning method to learn the optimal strategy through a lot of training. Extensive simulation experiments show that compared with other schemes, the proposed scheme can allocate resources to heterogeneous service according to the green energy distribution which can effectively reduce the traditional energy consumption.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2022

This study proposes a low-cycle fatigue life derived from measurement points on pipe elbows, which are components that are vulnerable to seismic load in the interface piping systems of nuclear power plants that use seismic isolation systems. In order to quantitatively define limit states regarding leakage, i.e., actual failure caused by low-cycle fatigue, in-plane cyclic loading tests were performed using a sine wave of constant amplitude. The test specimens consisted of SCH40 6-inch carbon steel pipe elbows and straight pipes, and an image processing method was used to measure the nonlinear behavior of the test specimens. The leakage lines caused by low-cycle fatigue and the low-cycle fatigue curves were compared and analyzed using the relationship between the relative deformation angles, which were measured based on each of the measurement points on the straight pipe, and the moment, which was measured at the center of the pipe elbow. Damage indices based on the combination of ductility and dissipation energy at each measurement point were used to quantitatively express the time at which leakage occurs due to through-wall cracking in the pipe elbow.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.2107-2119
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• 2022

Accurate remaining useful life (RUL) prediction for critical components of nuclear power equipment is an important way to realize aging management of nuclear power equipment. The electric gate valve is one of the most safety-critical and widely distributed mechanical equipment in nuclear power installations. However, the electric gate valve's extended service in nuclear installations causes aging and degradation induced by crack propagation and leakages. Hence, it is necessary to develop a robust RUL prediction method to evaluate its operating state. Although the particle filter(PF) algorithm and its variants can deal with this nonlinear problem effectively, they suffer from severe particle degeneracy and depletion, which leads to its sub-optimal performance. In this study, we combined the whale algorithm with regularized particle filtering(RPF) to rationalize the particle distribution before resampling, so as to solve the problem of particle degradation, and for valve RUL prediction. The valve's crack propagation is studied using the RPF approach, which takes the Paris Law as a condition function. The crack growth is observed and updated using the root-mean-square (RMS) signal collected from the acoustic emission sensor. At the same time, the proposed method is compared with other optimization algorithms, such as particle swarm optimization algorithm, and verified by the realistic valve aging experimental data. The conclusion shows that the proposed method can effectively predict and analyze the typical valve degradation patterns.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.860-866
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• 2022

An accurate prediction of the pressure drop along the flow paths is crucial in the design of advanced passive systems cooled by heavy liquid metal coolants. To date, a generic pressure drop correlation over spacer grids by Rehme has been applied extensively, which was obtained from substantial experimental data with multiple types of components. However, a few experimental studies have reported that the correlation may give large discrepancies. To provide a more reliable correlation for ring-type spacer grids, the current numerical study aims at figuring out the most critical factor among four hypothetical parameters, namely the flow area blockage ratio, number of fuel rods, type of fluid, and thickness of the spacer grid in the flow direction. Through a set of computational fluid dynamics simulations, we observed that the flow area blockage ratio dominantly influences the pressure loss characteristics, and thus its dependence should be more emphasized, whereas the other parameters have little impact. Hence, we suggest a new correlation for the drag coefficient as C_B = C_ν,m/ε^2.7, where C_ν,m is formulated by a nonlinear fit of simulation data such that C_ν,m = -11.33 ln(0.02 ln(Re_b)).

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.275-288
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• 2023

Based on the crucial role of high-speed railway bridges (HSRBs) in the safety of high-speed railway operations, it is an important approach to mitigate earthquake hazards by proceeding with seismic risk assessments in their whole life. Bridge seismic risk assessment, which usually evaluates the seismic performance of bridges from a probabilistic perspective, provides technical support for bridge risk management. The seismic performance of bridges is greatly affected by the degradation of material properties, therefore, material damage plays a nonnegligible role in the seismic risk assessment of the bridge. The effect of material damage is not considered in most current studies on seismic risk analysis of bridges, nevertheless. To fill the gap in this area, in this paper, a nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis has been carried out by establishing OpenSees finite element model, and a seismic vulnerability analysis is carried out based on the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method. On this basis, combined with the site risk analysis, the time-dependent seismic risk analysis of an offshore three-span HSRB in the whole life cycle has been conducted. The results showed that the seismic risk probabilities of both components and system of the bridge increase with the service time, and their seismic risk probabilities increase significantly in the last service period due to the degradation of the material strength, which demonstrates that the impact of durability damage should be considered when evaluating the seismic performance of bridges in the design and service period.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.1823-1840
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• 2023

In order to improve spectral efficiency and reduce power consumption for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted wireless communication systems, a joint design considering irregular RIS topology, RIS on-off switch, power allocation and phase adjustment is investigated in this paper. Firstly, a multi-dimensional variable joint optimization problem is established under multiple constraints, such as the minimum data requirement and power constraints, with the goal of maximizing the system energy efficiency. However, the proposed optimization problem is hard to be resolved due to its property of nonlinear nonconvex integer programming. Then, to tackle this issue, the problem is decomposed into four sub-problems: topology design, phase shift adjustment, power allocation and switch selection. In terms of topology design, Tabu search algorithm is introduced to select the components that play the main role. For RIS switch selection, greedy algorithm is used to turn off the RISs that play the secondary role. Finally, an iterative optimization algorithm with high data-rate and low power consumption is proposed. The simulation results show that the performance of the irregular RIS aided system with topology design and RIS selection is better than that of the fixed topology and the fix number of RISs. In addition, the proposed joint optimization algorithm can effectively improve the data rate and energy efficiency by changing the propagation environment.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권1A호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2006

콘크리트 구조물의 실제적인 응력과 변형률의 관계를 알기 위해서는 크리프와 수축에 관한 구성방정식을 정량화하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구는 콘크리트의 시간의존적인 변형 중에서 크리프 변형에 관한 현상학적인 문제를 수학적으로 전개하고 유변학적 접근방법을 사용하여 크리프에 관한 예측모델을 구성한다. 고전적인 4-매개변수 모델에 기초하여 각각의 변형성분을 조합하고, 적절한 크리프 변형을 얻어내기 위한 4개의 매개변수들을 재령영향과 겔 입자간의 연결을 제거하려는 미세프리스트레스의 영향을 고려하여 비선형 함수로 구성된 매개변수들을 전개하며 회복이 불가능한 점성변형에 대하여 습윤평형상태와 건조상태에서 모두 예측할 수 있는 유효점성계수를 유도한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 예측모델은 실험결과와 상관계수 99%이상의 우수한 결과를 제공하고 있다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.123-136
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 $GF({2^n})$상 곱셈의 복잡도와 규칙도를 GF(2)상의 다항식 곱셈을 표현하는 행렬식의 행과 열의 해밍 가중치를 이용하여 정의한다 차분공격에 강한 블록 암호 알고리즘을 만들기 위해서는 치환계층과 확산계층의 $GF({2^n})$상 곱셈의 복잡도와 규칙도가 높아야함을 실험을 통하여 보인다. 실험 결과를 활용하여 우리나라 표준인 128 비트 블록 암호 알고리즘인 SEED의 S 박스와 G 함수를 구성하는 방식을 제안한다. S 박스는 비 선형함수와 아핀변환으로 구성한다. 비 선형함수는 차분공격과 선형공격에 강한 특성을 가지며, '0'과 '1'을 제외하고 입력과 출력이 같은 고정점과 출력이 입력의 1의 보수가 되는 역고정점을 가지지 않는 $GF({2^8})$ 상의 역수로 구성한다. 아핀변환은 입력과 출력간의 상관을 최저로 하면서 고정점과 역고정점이 없도록 구성한다. G 함수는 4개의 S 박스 출력을 $GF({2^8}) 상의 4 {\times} 4$ 행렬식을 사용하여 선형변환한다. 선형변환 행렬식 성분은 높은 복잡도와 규칙도를 가지도록 구성한다 또한 MDS(Maximum Distance Separable) 코드를 생성하고, SAC(Strict Avalanche Criterion)를 만족하고, 고정점과 역고정점 및 출력이 입력의 2의 보수가 되는 약한 입력이 없도록 G 함수를 구성한다. 비선형함수와 아핀변환 및 G 함수의 원시다항식은 각기 다른 것을 사용한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 S 박스와 G 함수는 차분공격과 선형공격에 강하고, 약한 입력이 없으며, 확산 특성이 우수하므로 안전성이 높은 암호 방식의 구성 요소로 활용할 수 있다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제16권6호통권73호
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• pp.793-805
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 철골 연성 모멘트 골조에 대하여 반응수정계수(R)의 핵심 구성요소인 연성계수 및 강도계수를 평가하였다. 철골 연성 모멘트 골조에 대한 연성계수($R_{{\mu},MDOF}$) 는 단자유도 구조물에 대한 연성계수($R_{{\mu},SDOF}$)에 다자유도 보정계수($R_M$)를 곱하여 산정하였다. 단자유도 구조물에 대한 연성계수($R_{{\mu},SDOF}$)는 지진하중을 받는 탄소성 단자유도(SDOF) 구조물의 목표 변위 연성비와 주기에 따른 비선형 동적해석으로부터 산정하였다. 통계적 연구와 회귀분석으로부터 연성계수를 산정하기 위한 평가식이 제시되었다. 다자유도의 영향을 고려하기 위한 보정계수($R_M$)는 기존의 연구결과로보터 회귀분석을 이용하여 구하였다. 철골 연성 모멘트 골조에 대한 강도계수는 비선형 정적해석으로부터 산정하였다. 철골 연성 모멘트 골조의 연성 계수 및 강도계수를 평가하기 위하여, 구조물의 층수(4, 8 및 16층), 지진구역계수(Z=0.075, 0.2 및 0.4), 골조 시스템(외곽골조 및 분배골조) 및 붕괴 메카니즘(강기둥-약보 및 약기둥-강보)을 설계 매개변수로 하여 총 36개의 예제구조물을 설계하였다. 철골 연성 모멘트 골조의 연성계수 및 강도계수에 이러한 설계 매개변수가 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 CFT 구조의 강관과 내부 충전 콘크리트 간 복합거동을 유한요소해석 시 적절하게 반영하기 위해 강관과 콘크리트 간 부착 슬립관계 묘사를 위한 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 내부 충전 콘크리트에 축방향 하중 발생 시, 강관과 콘크리트 간 마찰로 인해 강관으로 하중이 전달되며, 이에 따른 강관 슬립량과 힘의 평형관계를 통해 등가강성을 통해 부착관계를 파악할 수 있다. 실제 원형 CFT 부재의 부착응력 실험을 통해 측정된 수직 및 수평 방향 응력 분포 결과와 제안된 해석 기법을 통해 산정된 응력 분포의 비교를 통해 제안된 해석 기법의 타당성을 검증하였다. 또한 비선형 유한요소해석 시 강관과 콘크리트의 부착 거동 묘사에 따라 CFT 기둥의 거동 특성에 영향을 미치게 되므로 축방향 하중이 작용하는 CFT 부재 실험 결과와 제안된 부착-슬립 모델을 반영한 유한요소해석 결과의 하중-변위 곡선 관계 비교를 통해 제안된 기법의 적합성을 검증하였다.