• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

수평곡선 구조용 부재는 중력하중 하에서도 휨모멘트와 비틀림 모멘트를 동시에 저항하여야 한다. 이때, 비틀림 모멘트에 의하여 부재 내부의 응력상태는 불균일해지고, 때에 따라 요소의 이른 항복을 야기하여 결과적으로 부재의 극한강도가 저하될 수 있다. 해석에 따르면 곡률 중심각이 45도인 부재는 직선부재에 비해 동일한 조건 하에서 극한 강도가 50% 이상 감소될 수 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 현재까지 곡선 거더의 강도 산정 방안에 관한 연구는 미진한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 휨, 순수비틀림, ? 등의 영향을 독립적으로 고려할 수 있는 구조 모델이 선정되었으며 이에 따라 극한강도에 영향을 미치는 인자가 도출 되었다. 곡선 부재의 거동은 횡-비틀림-수직 거동으로 재정의 되었으며, 휨-비틀림 상호작용 곡선을 이용하여 최종적으로 곡률, 비지지길이, 단면 형상등 거동에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 포함하는 극한강도 산정식을 제안하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2019

유한요소법(finite element method)은 다양한 분야에서 재료의 역학적 거동을 더욱더 현실적으로 해석하고 예측하는 방법으로 다양한 분야의 제품 개발에 적용되고 있다. 하지만 섬유배향과 변형률 속도가 역학적 특성에 영향을 미치는 유리섬유 강화 플라스틱 복합재료에 관한 수치해석을 이용한 접근 방법은 현재까지 다소 어려움이 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 고분자, 고무, 금속 등과 같은 다양한 복합재료를 위한 선형, 비선형 다중스케일 재료 모델링 프로그램인 Digimat의 수치해석 재료 모델을 활용하여 유리섬유 강화 플라스틱 복합재료의 역학적 특성을 정의하고 검증하는 것에 있다. 또한 이를 통해 좀더 현실적으로 고분자 복합재료의 거동을 예측하고자 한다. 이를 위해 다양한 고분자 중 30wt%의 단섬유 질량 비율을 갖는 폴리부틸렌 텔레프탈레이트(polybutylene terephthalate, PBT)의 섬유배향과 변형률 속도에 따른 인장 특성을 참고문헌을 통해 조사하였다. 또한 Moldflow 프로그램을 사용한 사출해석을 통해 유리섬유 배향 정보를 계산하였으며 이를 매핑(mapping) 과정을 통해 유한요소 인장 시편 모델에 전달하였다. 대표적인 유한요소 상용 프로그램 중 하나인 LS-DYNA는 유리섬유 배향과 변형률 속도에 따른 복합재료의 인장 특성을 연구하기 위해 Digimat과의 연성해석(coupled analysis)에 활용되었다. 그리고 유리섬유 강화 플라스틱 복합재료를 해석하기 위한 LS-DYNA의 다양한 비등방성(anisotropic) 재료 모델들의 장단점을 서로 비교하고 평가하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제77권2호
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• pp.197-215
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• 2021

Under a severe environment of multiple hazards such as earthquakes and winds, the life-cycle performance of engineering structures may inevitably be deteriorated due to the fatigue effect caused by long-term exposure to wind loads, which would further increase the structural vulnerability to earthquakes. This paper presents a framework for evaluating the lifetime structural seismic performance under the effect of wind-induced fatigue considering different sources of uncertainties. The seismic behavior of a high-rise steel-concrete composite frame with buckling-restrained braces (FBRB) during its service life is systematically investigated using the proposed approach. Recorded field data for the wind hazard of Fuzhou, Fujian Province of China from Jan. 1, 1980 to Mar. 31, 2019 is collected, based on which the distribution of wind velocity is constructed by the Gumbel model after comparisons. The OpenSees platform is employed to establish the numerical model of the FBRB and conduct subsequent numerical computations. Allowed for the uncertainties caused by the wind generation and structural modeling, the final annual fatigue damage takes the average of 50 groups of simulations. The lifetime structural performance assessments, including static pushover analyses, nonlinear dynamic time history analyses and fragility analyses, are conducted on the time-dependent finite element (FE) models which are modified in lines with the material deterioration models. The results indicate that the structural performance tends to degrade over time under the effect of fatigue, while the influencing degree of fatigue varies with the duration time of fatigue process and seismic intensity. The impact of wind-induced fatigue on structural responses and fragilities are explicitly quantified and discussed in details.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2022

Concrete-filled steel tubes (CFSTs) are increasingly used as composite sections in structures owing to their excellent load bearing capacity. Therefore, predicting the mechanical behavior of CFST sections under axial compression loading is vital for design purposes. This paper presents the first study on the nonlinear analysis of heated CFSTs with high-strength concrete core containing steel fiber and waste tire rubber under axial compression loading. CFSTs had steel fibers with 0, 1, and 1.5% volume fractions and 0, 5, and 10% rubber particles as sand alternative material. They were subjected to 20, 250, 500, and 750℃ temperatures. Using flow rule and analytical analysis, a model is developed to predict the load bearing capacity of steel tube, and hoop strain-axial strain relationship, and axial stress-volumetric strain relationship of CFSTs. An elastic-plastic analysis method is applied to determine the axial and hoop stresses of the steel tube, considering elastic, yield, and strain hardening stages of steel in its stress-strain curve. The axial stress in the concrete core is determined as the difference between the total experimental axial stress and the axial stress of steel tube obtained from modeling. The results show that steel tube in CFSTs under 750℃ exhibits a higher load bearing contribution compared to those under 20, 250, and 500℃. It is also found that the ratio of load bearing capacity of steel tube at peak point to the load bearing capacity of CFST at peak load is noticeable such that this ratio is in the ranges of 0.21-0.33 and 0.31-0.38 for the CFST specimens with a steel tube thickness of 2 and 3.5 mm, respectively. In addition, after the steel tube yielding, the load bearing capacity of the tube decreases due to the reduction of its axial stiffness and the increase of hoop strain rate, which is in the range of about 20 to 40%.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.447-462
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• 2019

This present paper concerned with the analytic modelling for vibration of the functionally graded (FG) plates resting on non-variable and variable two parameter elastic foundation, based on two-dimensional elasticity using higher shear deformation theory. Our present theory has four unknown, which mean that have less than other higher order and lower theory, and we denote do not require the factor of correction like the first shear deformation theory. The indeterminate integral are introduced in the fields of displacement, it is allowed to reduce the number from five unknown to only four variables. The elastic foundations are assumed a classical model of Winkler-Pasternak with uniform distribution stiffness of the Winkler coefficient (kw), or it is with variables distribution coefficient (kw). The variable's stiffness of elastic foundation is supposed linear, parabolic and trigonometry along the length of functionally plate. The properties of the FG plates vary according to the thickness, following a simple distribution of the power law in terms of volume fractions of the constituents of the material. The equations of motions for natural frequency of the functionally graded plates resting on variables elastic foundation are derived using Hamilton principal. The government equations are resolved, with respect boundary condition for simply supported FG plate, employing Navier series solution. The extensive validation with other works found in the literature and our results are present in this work to demonstrate the efficient and accuracy of this analytic model to predict free vibration of FG plates, with and without the effect of variables elastic foundations.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.72-82
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• 1997

In all inelastic deformations time rate effects are always present to some degree. Whether or not their exclusion has a significant influence on the prediction of the material behaviour depends upon several factors. In the study of structural components under static loading conditions at normal temperature it is accepted that time rate effects are generally not important. However metals, especially under high temperatures, exhibit simultaneously the phenomena of creep and viscoplasticity. In this study, elastoplastic and elasto-viscoplastic models include nonlinear geometrical effects were developed and several numerical examples are also included to verify the computer programming work developed here in this work. Comparisons of the calculated results, for the elasto-viscoplastic analysis of an internally pressurised thick cylinder under plane strain condition, have shown that the model yields excellent results. The results obtained from the numerical examples for an elasto-viscoplastic analysis of the Nuclear Reinforced Concrete Containment Structure(NRCCS) subjected to an incrementally applied internal pressure were summarized as follows : 1. The steady state hoop stress distribution along the shell layer of dome and dome wall junction part of NRCCS were linearly behave and the stress in interior surfaces was larger than that in exterior. 2.However in the upper part of the wall of NRCCS the steady state hoop stress in creased linearly from its inner to outer surfaces, being the exact reverse to the previous case of dome/dome-wall junction part. 3.At the lower part of wall of NRCCS, the linear change of steady state hoop stress along its wall layer began to disturb above a certain level of load increase.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1089-1109
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• 2016

Modified two-surface model (M2SM) is one of the steel elasto-plastic hysteretic constitutive models that consider both analysis accuracy and efficiency. However, when M2SM is used for complex strain history, sometimes the results are irrational due to the limitation of stress-strain path judgment. In this paper, the defect of M2SM was re-modified by improving the judgment of stress-strain paths. The accuracy and applicability of the improved method were verified on both material and structural level. Based on this improvement, the nonlinear time-history analysis was carried out for a deck-through steel arch bridge with a 200 m-long span under the ground motions of Chi-Chi earthquake and Niigata earthquake. In the analysis, we compared the results obtained by hysteretic constitutive models of improved two-surface model (I2SM) presented in this paper, M2SM and the bilinear kinematic hardening model (BKHM). Results show that, although the analysis precision of displacement response of different steel hysteretic models differs little from each other, the stress-strain responses of the structure are affected by steel hysteretic models apparently. The difference between the stress-strain responses obtained by I2SM and M2SM cannot be neglected. In significantly damaged areas, BKHM gives smaller stress result and obviously different strain response compared with I2SM and M2SM, and tends to overestimate the effect of hysteretic energy dissipation. Moreover, at some position with severe damage, BKHM may underestimate the size of seismic damaged areas. Different steel hysteretic models also have influences on structural damage evaluation results based on deformation behavior and low cycle fatigue, and may lead to completely different judgment of failure, especially in severely damaged areas.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2010

The windshield wiper consists of 4 parts: a blade, an arm, a linkage and a motor. The wiper blade makes contact with the windshield and is designed to be operated normally at an angle of 30~50 degrees to the front glass. If the contact pressure between the wiper blade and windshield surface is too high, noise and wear of the rubber will result. On the other hand, if the contact pressure is too low, the performance will do badly, since foreign substances such as dust and stains will not be removed well. The pressure and friction of the wiper blade has a great influence on its effectiveness in cleaning the front window. This is due to the contact of the rubber with the window. This paper presents the dynamic analysis method to estimate the performance of the flat type blade of the wiper system. The blade has a nonlinear characteristic since the rubber is an incompressible hyper-elastic and visco-elastic material. Thus, Structural dynamic analysis using a complex contact model for the blade is performed to find the characteristics of the blade. The flexible multi-body dynamic model is verified by the comparison between test and analysis result. Also, the optimization using the central composite design table is performed.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.249-252
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• 2008

이 논문에서는 비부착 CFRP 판으로 긴장된 RC(Reinforced Concrete) 보의 비선형 해석방법을 제시하였다. 하중 재하 시 부재의 단면 내에서 변화하는 재료상태를 정확히 예측하기 위해 철근콘크리트 뼈대는 콘크리트와 보강철근 화이버로 구성된 화이버모델요소로 이상화하였다. 또한 CFRP 판의 비부착 거동을 모사하기 위해 CFRP 판을 뼈대요소의 각 절점에 연결되는 여러 개의 요소로 이상화하되, 연결부에서 슬립이 가능한 것으로 가정하여 슬립으로 인한 CFRP 판의 인장력을 반복적으로 보정함으로써 CFRP 판요소들의 응력이 같도록 하였다. 이 논문에서 제시한 해석방법의 정당성을 검토하기 위해 비부착 CFRP 판으로 긴장된 RC 보의 극한해석을 수행하여 해석결과를 타 연구자의 실험결과와 비교해 본 결과, 두 연구결과가 잘 일치함을 확인하였다.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.201-211
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• 1996

최근에 계속적으로 발전하고 있는 역학적 모델은 배근상세에 있어서 과거의 경험적인 방법을 대신 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구에서는 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 부재의 단부 정착부의 배근상세를 위한 역학적 모델을 제안하였다. 제안된 모델에서는 콘크리트의 2축응력상태, 나선철근 배근 상태, 전단 마찰 파괴 등을 고려하였다. 제안된 모델과 다른 연구자의 스터럿 타이 모델, 비선형 유한 요소 해석을 대표적인 실험결과와 비교하였다. 제안된 방법은 파괴하중뿐만 아니라 파괴형태의 예측에 있어서 우수한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 제안 모델은 2차원 해석에 기초한 역학적 모델 및 비선형 해석으로 설명이 불가능한 3차원 파괴 형태를 잘 예측할 수 있음을 알 수 있다.