• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.49 no.5
• /
• pp.410-415
• /
• 2005

To investigate biological activity of noni extracts treated with HCl and trypsin, we measured the antioxidant activity through vitro assay and cellular system. Both water and lipid soluble fraction of noni extracts dose-dependently scav­enged DPPH radical. Superoxide scavenging activity of lipid soluble fraction after treating HCl and trypsin was significantly more potent than those of other fractions in NBT/xanthine oxidase assay, which suggests that antioxidant activity of noni extracts was increased by the treatment with HCl and trypsin. In antioxidant assay using RBL 2H3 cells, water soluble frac­tion of noni extracts had little effect on silica-induced reactive oxygen species generation, whereas lipid soluble fraction inhibited in a dose dependent manner. In non-treated noni extracts, effect of water soluble fraction on silica/$CuSO_4$-induced lipid peroxidation was more potent than that of lipid soluble fraction. However, the effects of noni extracts were reversed in noni extracts treated with HCl and trypsin. These data suggest that water soluble substances may be converted into lipid soluble substances by the treatment with HCl and trypsin. From the above results, it is suggested that lipid soluble fraction of noni extracts contain antioxidant used in vitro assay and RBL 2H3 cellular system. Such an effect of noni extracts may be increased by the treatment with HCl and trypsin.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.191-199
• /
• 2020

Noni has been used for medicinal purposes for more than 2,000 years in South Pacific Polynesia, China and India, and has been heavily ingested as an extract for its excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, a recent study found that the noni extract causes digestive disorders, kidney problems, and liver diseases, which made it necessary to use it for other purposes than as an extract. In this study, we want to evaluate the potential of noni as an anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkling agent. Methods: Noni was freeze-dried, extracted in water, and concentrated. Skin cells were treated with the noni extract for 24 hrs and then were exposed to UVB (55 mJ/cm²). After 48 hrs of incubation, pro-inflammatory cytokine, elastase, MMP-1 and type-1 procollagen levels were measured by ELISA. Results: To find out the antioxidant effect of the noni extract, the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity experiments were conducted and the noni extract showed 97.0 % and 92.0 % antioxidant efficacy at 200 ㎍/mL respectively. The noni extract (50 and 100 ㎍/mL) decreased IL-6 and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS in a concentration-dependent manner. In the RT-PCR experiment involving NO production, the noni extract (50 and 100 ㎍/mL) inhibited NO production by strongly inhibiting iNOS mRNA expression, and also inhibited the elevation of MMP-1 and elastases caused by UVB irradiation by 25.0 % and 7.0 % respectively. In addition, type-1 procollagen was elevated by 20.0 % by the noni extract treatment in HaCaT cells. Conclusion: The noni extract has photoprotective ability by reducing proinflammatory mediators, elastase and MMP-1 production, and elevation of collagen synthesis. Our findings suggest that the noni extract might be a good natural substance to protect against UVB-induced premature skin aging.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.49 no.5
• /
• pp.405-409
• /
• 2005

To investigate anti-inflammatory activity of Noni extracts, we measured the phospholipase $A_2$ activity using both in vitro and in vivo system. Water soluble fraction of Noni extracts did not affect melittin-induced arachidonic acid release, whereas lipid soluble fraction inhibited it in a dose dependent manner in Raw 264.7 cells. The purified phos­pholipase $A_2$ activity was dose-dependently inhibited by lipid soluble fraction of Noni extracts but not by its water soluble fraction. Lipid peroxidation, myeloperoxidase and phospholipase $A_2$ activity in incised skin of mice were significantly increased as compared with those in non-incised skin, and these increase was attenuated by the treatment with Noni pow­der. Our data suggest that Noni extracts has anti-inflammatory activity, and this is, in part, caused by inhibitory activity of phospholipase $A_2$.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.110-112
• /
• 2004

The in vitro cell regeneration, the noni extract was mixed into the dilute noni solution and the ability of ROS to degrade noni into H$_2$O$_2$ was measured spectrophotometically. H$_2$O$_2$ was used for producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this measurement.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.331-338
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of noni (Morinda citrifolia) powder on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of ground pork meat. Four samples of ground pork meat were prepared as follow: CON without noni powder, NP0.5 with 0.5% noni powder, NP1.0 with 1.0% noni powder, and NP1.5 with 1.5% noni powder. The moisture content of CON was the highest (p<0.05). The ash, fiber, fat retention, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, lightness, and yellowness increased with the addition of the noni powder (p<0.05). The protein, fat, water holding capacity, cooking yield, moisture retention, springiness,and redness of the cooked meat were not significantly different among the samples. The pH of CON was the highest among the samples (p<0.05). The TBARS of CON, NP0.5, NP1.0, and NP1.5 were 0.48, 0.41, 0.36 and 0.34 mg/kg, respectively, and the NP1.5 was the lowest (p<0.05). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of CON, NP0.5, NP1.0, and NP1.5 were 10.4%, 20.8%, 34.6% and 45.3%, respectively, and the NP1.5 was the highest (p<0.05). Consequently, these results support the possible use of noni powder for meat product industry, as addition of noni powder enhances the antioxidant activities of ground pork meat.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.8
• /
• pp.4495-4499
• /
• 2013

Morinda citrifolia, also known as Great Morinda, Indian Mulberry, or Noni, is a plant belonging to the family Rubiaceae. A number of major chemical compounds have been identified in the leaves, roots, and fruits of the Noni plant. The fruit juice is in high demand in alternative medicine for different kinds for illnesses such as arthritis, diabetes, high blood pressure, muscle ached and pains, menstrual difficulties, headache, heart diseases, AIDS, gastric ulcer, sprains, mental depression, senility, poor digestion, arteriosclerosis, blood vessel problems, and drug addiction. Several studies have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and apoptosis-inducing effects of Noni in various cancers. Based on a toxicological assessment, Noni juice was considered as safe. Though a large number of in vitro, and, to a certain extent, in vivo studies demonstrated a range of potentially beneficial effects, clinical data are essentially lacking. To what extent the findings from experimental pharmacological studies are of potential clinical relevance is not clear at present and this question needs to be explored in detail before an recommendations can be made.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.389-397
• /
• 2020

Microglial cells function as major immune cells in the brain, playing an important role in the protection and damage of neurons. BV2 microglia, activated by drug stimulation, secrete inflammatory cytokines by activating the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of the activated B cells pathway and are involved in neuroinflammatory and immune responses. The overactivation of microglia by stimuli can cause neuronal damage, leading to brain disease. Noni, a natural product, reduces the activity of microglia to prevent neuronal damage and is a potential natural medicine because it exerts excellent regeneration and anti-inflammatory effects on damaged cells. In this study, when noni was used to treat BV2 cells stimulated by the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin, it reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from BV2. On the other hand, neuronal damage is a side effect of doxorubicin. Therefore, the cytokines released from doxorubicin-stimulated BV2 cells treated with noni had a positive effect on the neuronal viability compared to those released from doxorubicin-stimulated BV2 cells not treated with Noni. Thus, Noni increases neuronal viability. These results suggest that noni inhibits the release of cytokines by regulating the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of the activated B cells pathway of BV2, thereby inhibiting neuronal damage.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.237-242
• /
• 2013

Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer in women and has a high mortality rate. Cisplatin, an antitumor agent, is generally used for its treatment. However, the administration of cisplatin is associated with side effects and intrinsic resistance. Morinda citrifolia (Noni), a natural plant product, has been shown to have anti-cancer properties. In this study, we used Noni, cisplatin, and the two in combination to study their cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects in cervical cancer HeLa and SiHa cell lines. We demonstrate here, that Noni/Cisplatin by themselves and their combination were able to induce apoptosis in both these cell lines. Cisplatin showed slightly higher cell killing as compared to Noni and their combination showed additive effects. The observed apoptosis appeared to be mediated particularly through the up-regulation of p53 and pro-apoptotic Bax proteins, as well as down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-$X_L$ proteins and survivin. Augmentation in the activity of caspase-9 and -3 was also observed, suggesting the involvement of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis for both Noni and Cisplatin in HeLa and SiHa cell lines.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.8
• /
• pp.4603-4606
• /
• 2013

Background: Cervical cancer, the second most common cancer in women, has a high mortality rate. Cisplatin, an antitumor agent, is generally used for its treatment. However, the administration of cisplatin is associated with side effects and intrinsic resistance. Morinda citrifolia (Noni), a natural plant product, has been shown to have antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: Both HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cell lines were treated with 10% Noni, 10 mg/dl cisplatin, or a combination of both 10% Noni and 10 mg/dl cisplatin for 24 hours. Post culturing, the cells were pelleted and stored at $-70^{\circ}C$ for malondialdehyde and catalase assays. Results: On treatment with Noni, CP, and their combination, the level of MDA decreased by 0.76 fold, 0.49 fold, and 0.68 fold respectively in HeLa cells; and by 0.93 fold, 0.67 fold, and 0.79 fold respectively in SiHa cells, as compared to their controls; whereas catalase activity increased by 1.61 fold, 0.54 fold, and 2.35 fold, respectively in HeLa cells; and by 0.98 fold, 0.39 fold, and 1.85 fold respectively in SiHa cells. Conclusions: A decrease in level of lipid peroxidation and an increase in catalase activity were observed with Noni by itself and the effect ameliorated changes observed with cisplatin when given in combination.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.275-283
• /
• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the various roles and effects of Morinda citrifolia L.(noni) on the human body and to utilize the findings obtained for future disease related research on food and nutrition. Morinda citrifolia L. has been used in folk medicine by Polynesians for over 2,000 years and is reported to have a broad range of therapeutic effects. Noni is an alkaloid system such as proxeronine, scopoletin, octanoic acid, terpenoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, nordamnacanthal, morindone, rubiadin, b-sitosterol, flavone glycosides, linoleic acid, acubin, L-asperuloside, caproic acid, caprylic acid, ursolic acid, rutin. Noni's side effects have been reported to affect anti-inflammatory, analgesics, LDL antioxidant, anti-tumor, antifungal, antibiotic, antiviral, antiparasitic and immunosuppressive effects. In particular, noni's efficacy is considered to be important for the prevention of diseases by inhibiting active oxygen, which is a direct cause of oxidative stress, through various metabolites through 'xeronine system'. Noni's functions and effects that have been examined in this study include anti-inflammation, pain relief, antioxidant, anticancer, hepatocyte protection among others. Therefore, noni's extracts are considered highly useful for diverse scientific and nutritional health functional foods.