• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.7 s.107
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• pp.115-125
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• 2006

The study on plane composition in clothing was focused mainly on woven wear earlier but its application has been reaching the knit wear. This study is confined to the utilization with geometrical linear pattern in the modern apparel. The work here intends to grasp the plane structure found in both woven wear and knit wear and, in particular, to understand the aesthetics of fashion. The modern flat patterned clothing has been affected by the oriental style or postmodernism in view of social and cultural aspect while its fabric material and expression method shows the diversity in terms of industrial and technical aspect. It can be characterized as several outstanding patterns: the geometrical pattern in structure, the linear pattern with seam line and 2-dimensional plane pattern without seam line, and the flexible silhouette integrated into one single shape with human body unlike the traditional apparel The aesthetics of fashion in modern flat patterned clothing can be divided into such category as the organically spatial change, the re-creation of tradition and the non-format framework. The organically spatial change shows the geometrical formation in clothes due to change in dimension, where the organically changing uniformity and generosity appears as the dimension progresses. The timeless without any difference of up and down, left and right, and inside and outside and the discontinuity due to limitless spatial change are also imbedded. The re-creation of tradition tells the reshaped spirits of old tradition by integrating and modifying the hereditary features in the old customed clothing into modern clothing. The modern flat patterned clothing implies the contemporaneousness or the frame through which the old and modern cultures may be shared and indicates the re-creation of the past and uniformity. The non-format framework contains the uncertainty in meaning and it doesn't have any certain standards. As both the apparel and the human body with this style aim at the open space, the numerous contingencies are realized.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.121-129
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• 2009

Nowadays, global interest is being placed on research and development of smart clothing which is expected to create a high added-value industry in the future. The purpose of this research is to develop smart pants with vibrating massage functions that have excellent outer appearances and provide comfort to wearers and assess outer appearance, comfort, and massaging effects of smart pants. As the results of this research, smart pants where vibrating devices which are mainly composed of vibrating motor, controller, and switch are attached were completed. Vibrating motors were fixed on a thin and light non-woven fabric material, covered with a mesh material, and attached by snaps to the experiment pants. Switch was attached to the inside of a pocket, and batteries were positioned inside of pockets. Ten subjects marked their satisfaction of wearing smart pants on a 5-point scale. Noticeable changes in outer appearance when vibrating motors operate turned out to be low. Wearer's comfort in back waist and front thigh parts where vibrating motors were attached turned out to be high-satisfied. Massaging effects of smart pants turned out to be high. Attaching and detaching vibrating devices turned out to be convenient. Lining materials used for smart paints were effective in blocking electromagnetic waves generated from vibrating devices.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.291-297
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• 2018

Vertical farming systems offer many advantages in urban spaces. They have also been proposed as an engineering solution to increase the productivity per unit area of cultivated land by extending crop production in the vertical dimension. However, soil water retention is a major constraint affecting the plant environment. This study analyzed the effects of growth environment of Tropaeolum majus and Fragaria spp., on the vertical farming system, by using four different types of cover material types including sphagnum moss (Control), a shading net (S.N.), multi-layered fabric (M.L.F.), and non-woven fabric (N.W.F.). The volumetric soil moisture contents and plant characteristics were investigated from May to September 2014. Plant materials were individually cultivated in hanging baskets measuring $30{\times}17{\times}17cm$, filled with a mixture of soil and perlite, and placed at 1.5m height. Each treatment was performed in quadruplicate and consisted of five plants, amounting to a total of 20 plants. The analysis indicated that different covers were associated with multiple functions and soil water retention improvements may have a positive impact on the vertical farming system. The difference in soil water retention increased in the following order: M.L.F. > Control > N.W.F. > S.N.. Furthermore, the differences in plant height and survival rate increased in the following order: M.L.F. > Control > N.W.F. > S.N. Therefore, M.L.F yielded satisfactory good response for the vertical farming system of cover materials. Our results clearly demonstrate that vertical spaces represent an attractive alternative to urban farming and suggest that further increases in yield may be achieved via different cover materials in vertical farming using hanging baskets.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.141-147
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• 2009

In this study, the high performance hybrid chemical filter (HPHCF) was prepared by web spray using hot melt adhesive. The material of HPHCF was conditionally made of ion exchange resin and PP non-woven fabric. The optimum temperature and pressure for manufacturing of HPHCF conditions were such as $170^{\circ}C$ and 50 psi, respectively. The characteristics of preparated HPHCF and their adsorption properties of ammonia gas were investigated. The ion exchange capacity (IEC) of HPHCF was increased with increasing the resin contents and their values were higher than pure resin and ion exchange fabrics. The removal efficiency for ammonia gas increased with the increase of packing density of hybrid ion exchange fabrics in the column. It showed 13 min which the adsorption breakthrough time was slower than resin and fibers. The maximum value of adsorption for ammonia gas was 98 percent. And also, the velocity was increased with increasing concentration and flow rate of ammonia gas.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.317-328
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• 2017

This paper presents design and specific absorption rate analysis of a 2.4 GHz wearable patch antenna on a conventional and electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) ground planes, under normal and bent conditions. Wearable materials are used in the design of the antenna and EBG surfaces. A woven fabric (Zelt) is used as a conductive material and a 3 mm thicker Wash Cotton is used as a substrate. The dielectric constant and tangent loss of the substrate are 1.51 and 0.02 respectively. The volume of the proposed antenna is $113{\times}96.4{\times}3mm^3$. The metamaterial surface is used as a high impedance surface which shields the body from the hazards of electromagnetic radiations to reduce the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). For on-body analysis a three layer model (containing skin, fats and muscles) of human arm is used. Antenna employing the EBG ground plane gives safe value of SAR (i.e. 1.77W/kg<2W/kg), when worn on human arm. This value is obtained using the safe limit of 2 W/kg, averaged over 10g of tissue, specified by the International Commission of Non Ionization Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The SAR is reduced by 83.82 % as compare to the conventional antenna (8.16 W/kg>2W/kg). The efficiency of the EBG based antenna is improved from 52 to 74 %, relative to the conventional counterpart. The proposed antenna can be used in wearable electronics and smart clothing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.51-60
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• 2015

This study conducted shear strength test and plate bearing test to look into the characteristics of bearing capacity using geosynthetics case on forest road surface. The shear strength test showed that the internal friction angle at the time when geosynthetics was used was measured larger on average than that in the unreinforced case. Therefore, using geosynthetics case produced more bearing capacity reinforcement effect. The result from the comparison test of internal friction angle by geosynthetics type revealed that the internal friction angle at the time when geotextile case was used was measured larger. That was attributable to the difference between the area of the total cross section of geotextile made in type of non-woven fabric and its material. Plate bearing test showed that the settlement at the time when geosynthetics was used was measured smaller than that in the unreinforced case. Therefore, using geosynthetics produced more bearing power reinforcement effect. The result from the comparison test showed that geogrid case was measured smaller than geotextile case. Henceforth, It is seemed that it will be necessary to keep studying the reinforcement engineering and process of forest road surface which fits the characteristics and conditions of geosynthetics to prevent forest road demage.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2016

This research compared the tensile performance of the vegetation mat, which was developed byu using the rapidly growing biodegradable plastic, Poly Lactic Acid(PLA), according to the biodegradation period. The test applied the method defined by Korean Standard KS. In the result of experiment using single-material PLA mesh and PLA plastic, the tensile strength and molecular weight were inverse-proportional to the 5 months of biodegradation period. The thickness of PLA mesh was increased by 11.2~13.4% while the tensile strenth of it was reduced by 32.4~55.4%. The tensile strength and molecular weight of PLA plastic were also reduced over time. However, the tension test of vegetation mat comprised of PLA mesh, non-woven fabric (including seeds), and jute net didn't have specific tendency.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.86-92
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• 2004

This research was carried out to examine the ethylene gas adsorption and preservation life of white charcoal boards for packaging. Two types of white charcoal board were made of #40-60 charcoal particles and mixed charcoal particles with PVA and MDI resin by wet process. For not only beauty effect but also avoiding stain from touching, white charcoal boards were overlaid with two kinds of overlay material, thin printed paper and non woven fabric. A charcoal board adsorbed ethylene gas much more than the paper and even white charcoal itself. There was no difference between two board types, between overlay treatments, and between overlay materials. Gray mold growth of strawberry arised after 2 days in a paper box and after 4 days in a white charcoal board. Preservation life of white charcoal board box was approximately twice more than that. of a paper box. There was no difference in the ability of keeping freshness between two board types, between overlay treatments, and between overlay materials.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.72-76
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• 2003

This study was conducted to estimate stimulation of plant growth of green and red leafy lettuces (Lactuca sutiva L. cv. Chungchima and Jugchima) at affected by covering method and time with protected film materials containing concentrated PO film and GA$_3$ foliar spray. Plants were covered with ‘Pasraido’ material from October 26 to November 31 (direct 1), from November 5 to November 31 (direct 2), or with a tunnel, or direct 2＋ tunnel. Mean air temperature and relative humidity under the covering were higher in direct and tunnel, direct and non-covering, in that order. The fresh weight and dry weight of red and green lettuces increased in direct and tunnel followed by direct 1, direct 2, tunnel and the control. GA$_3$ treatment promoted the growth in all covering methods, but decreased the chlorophyll contents. Fresh weight and dry weight were higher in red lettuce than in green lettuce in the control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.35-50
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• 2017

This study is to see the recovery effect of the Deltacon method by investigating the amount of sand deposition, the topographical cross section and the vegetation structure; and to derive the effective recovery method of coastal erosion area. The target areas of this study include Jinri coastal dune, Bajireum coastal dune and Seopori coastal dune in Deokjeok-do Island, Ongjin-gun, Incheon. In order to assess the current status of the coastal erosion area recovery, the soil profile structure map was prepared on the site and then the amount of sand deposition within 1m was calculated indoors. The vegetation recovery status of the costal erosion area was assessed via the analyses of the topographical profile structure and the plant community structure, and we aim to derive the effective recovery plan of the Deltacon method with the results. With the Deltacon method, structures with ductile material, special non-woven fabric bags filled with soil and vegetation can be performed therefore the structuralstability and prevention of sand erosion can be achieved. The amounts of sand deposition of Bajireum coastal dune, Seopori costal dune and Jinri costal dune were calculated $0.98{\sim}2.54m^3$, $1.02{\sim}2.96m^3$, and $0.27{\sim}0.75m^3$, respectively, and it is considered that the costal erosion recovery is actively performed for Bajireum costal dune and Seopori costal dune. The analysis results of vegetation structures by topography show that the installation of the send collecting net in steep areas has been highly effective and the Deltacon-constructed target areas have been restored to vegetation and the costal dune, which is similar to the natural dune. The investigation of the plant community structure in Deokjeok-do Island costal dune, Incheon displayed similar research results of the existing costal dune flora and confirmed the emergence of Lathyrus japonicus, Carex kobomugi, Elymus mollis, Vitex rotundifolia, and Calystegia soldanella and others. In order to carry out further effective recovery with the Deltacon method, improvements to rootage of herbaceous vegetation are needed in areas without foredune herbaceous vegetation, and continuos maintenance & management monitoring of connected windbreak forest to costal dunes are also necessary.