• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.264-271
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• 1999

전통 약과 반죽을 microwave 열처리로 전처리한 후 튀김기에서 튀기는 절충 방법(MW/DFF)을 도입하여 튀김시간 단축에 의한 튀김유 흡수 감소와 불량률 감소를 기하고 저열량의 저장성이 향상된 약과를 개발하고자 약과의 튀김유로 널리 사용되고 있는 대두유를 경화유인 대두 경화유와 팜경화유로 대체하여 6$0^{\circ}C$에서 7, 11, 15일간 약과를 저장하여 약과의 지방 가수분해 및 지방산화 변화를 화학적 측정을 통하여 지방의 산패과정을 살펴보고 튀김유에 따른 약과의 기호도를 관능 검사를 통하여 비교하였다. MW/DFF 방법에 의하여 튀김시간이 DFF 조리 방법의 8분에서 2분으로 단축되었고 약과의 지방 함량은 10% 감소하였으며 수분 함량은 6% 정도 증가하였다. 저장 기간 동안의 산가는 조리 방법 DFF 보다 MW/DFF가 높게 나타났고 MW/DFF에서 집청전 보다 집청후가 현저히 증가되어 지방의 가수분해는 약과의 수분 함량 상승에 기인함을 알 수 있었다. peroxide value는 튀김시간이 긴 DFF방법의 대두유(SBO)를 사용한 약과에서 저장 기간 동안 현저히 증가되었고 반면에 튀김유로 대두 경화유(HSBO)와 팜경화유(HPO)를 사용 한 경우 조리 방법에 관계없이 매우 완만한 변화를 나타내어 산화 안정성이 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 2차 산화생성물값을 나타내는 anisidine value는 SBO에 튀긴 집청전의 DFF 약과는 저장초기부터 급격히 증가하였으나 상대적으로 튀김시간이 짧은 MW/DFF 약과에서는 저장동안 별 변화가 없었고 집청후의 약과에서는 조리방법의 튀김시간에 관계없이 변화가 거의 나타나지 않았다. 종합적인 산화정도를 나타내는 oxidation value는 DFF의 약과 보다 MW/DFF의 약과에서 저장 기간 동안 낮게 나타났으며, 집청전보다 집청후가 더욱 안정되어 튀김시간의 단축, 경화유 사용 및 집청이 약과 지방의 산패 방지에 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 기호도 검사에서 실험 약과가 시중 약과 보다 우수하였고 MW/DFF의 팜경화유(HPO)로 튀긴 약과의 기호도가 가장 좋게 나타나 약과의 튀김유로 적당함을 알 수 있었다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.111-132
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• 1999

This correlational descriptive study sought to define the relationship between the experience of Sanhujori, Korean tradition non-professional postpartal care after delivery and abortion and present physical symptom distress of arthritis female who visited to outpatient clinic of rheumatic internal medicine at three hospital located in Seoul, Pusan, Chongju, Korea. Data from a convenience sample of 98 women who orally agreed to be respondent were collected from September 1, 1998 to October 31, 1998 for two months by way of interview with semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis consisted of frequency, percentage, mean, S. D., Pearson Correlation Coefficient, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test as a post hoc by SPSS. The results of the study were as follows ; Mean age of participants as 52.8 years and mean number of children 3.3. Mean frequency of child birth was 3.1 times per woman, 67.4% of respondents had menopause, 57.0% did not have Sunhujori after abortion. The health status implies the subjective health status women perceived, which came from the three points of view of the present, comparative with other of same age and changed after delivery. The respondents of 76.1% perceived them as unhealthy and the main sites of physical symptom distress were upper & lower extremities including knee and hand 34.8%, shoulder 26.5%, waist 22.4%. Women perceived the etiology of the arthritis as 'did Sanhujori wrongly' 36.7%, 'aging process' 24.5%, 'stress' 16.3%, 'overwork' 15.3%, 'Immunocompromize' & 'physical constitution' 7.1% respectively, 'character' 3.1%, 'genetic' 2.0%, 'malnutrition' 1.0%. The mean period of Sanhujori after delivery was 20.4 at the first child and 18.1 at the second child. The higher frequency of child birth, the shorter period of Sanhujori. For the subjective evaluation of whether the women did Sanhujori well or not, the rate of 'did Sanhujori well' was the highest rank in the first child and the rate of 'did not particularly Sanhujori well' was the highest rank in the last child. There was a significant positive correlation between physical function disability and rheumatoid arthritis symptom at the level of 1% of significance statistically(r=.406). And a positive correlation between physical function disability and Sanhubyung symptom at the level of 5% of significance statistically(r=.224). There was a significant positive correlation among rheumatoid arthritis symptom, Sanhubyung symptom and menopause symptom at the level of 1%-5% of significance statistically. Most of all, the correlation between Sanhubyung symptom and menopause symptom was the higher than others. There was a negative correlation between the present physical symptom distress and experience of Sanhujori(r=.-130), however it was not significant statistically. However, there was a positive correlation between subjective health status and experience of Sanhujori at the level of 1% of significance statistically(r=.328). In conclusion, this finding reconfirmed the positive relationship between the perceived health status and experience of Sanhujori after delivery among women of arthritis. It provides a challenge to the professional care givers to study further on the effects of Sanhuiori after abortion or delivery on the physical symptom distress from the variouis aspects through the cross-sectional and longitudinal research. The strategy for the development of the appropriate intervention for primary prevention of sequele after childbirth and quality of care for desirable health outcomes for postpartal women with considering deeply on the relationship between women's health and postapartal care.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제3권
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• pp.99-116
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• 1997

In response of the increasing demand for professional degree in nursing, some university in Korea offers RN-BSN program for R. N. from diploma in nursing. However, RN-BSN program in Korea is in formative period. Therefore, the purpose of this survey study is for the comparative analysis of RN-BSN curriculum in Korea and U.S.A. In this study, subjects consisted of 18 department of nursing in university and 5 RN-BSN programs in Korea and 18 department of nursing in university and 12 RN-BSN programs in U.S.A. For earn the degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing, the student earns 134 of mean credits in U.S.A., whereas 150.3 of mean credits in Korea. The mean credit for clinical pratice is 30.1 in U.S.A., whereas 23.9 in Korea. Students are assigned to individually planned clinical experiences under the direction of a preceptor in U.S.A. In RN-BSN program, total mean credits through lecture and clinical practice for earn the degree of BSN is 35.5(lecture : 27.7, practice ; 7.8)in U.S.A., whereas,48.1 (lecture;42.1, practice;6.0) in Korea. RN-BSN program can be taken on a full-or-part time basis in U.S.A., whereas didn't in Korea. Especially, emphasis is place on the advanced nursing practicum that focus on the role of the professional nurse in providing health care to individuals, families, and groups in community setting in U.S.A. 27.7 of mean credits was earned through lecture in U.S.A., whereas 42.1 of mean credits in Korea. It means that RN-BSN program in Korea is the lesser development in teaching method and appraisal method than in U.S.A. Students of RN-BSN program in U.S.A. can earns credit through CLEP, NLN achievement test, portfolio review session etc as well as lecture. Therefore, the authors suggests some recommendations for the development of curriculum of RN-BSN program in Korea based on comparative analysis of RN-BSN curricula in U.S.A. and Korea. 1. The curriculum of RN-BSN Program in nursing was required to do some alterations. Nursing care, today, is complex and ever changing. According to change of public need, RN-BSN curriculum intensified primary care program in community setting, geriatric nursing, marketing skill, computer language. 2. The various and new methods of earning credit should be developed. That is, the students will earn credits through the transfer of previous nursing college credits, accredited examination of university, advanced placement examination, portfolio review session, case study, report, self-directed learning and so on. Flexible teaching place should ile offered. 3. Flexible teaching place should be offered. The RN-BSN curriculum should accommodate each RN student's geographical needs and school/work schedule. Therefore, the university should search a variety of teaching places and the RN students can obtain their degrees comfortably throughout the teaching place such as lecture room inside the health care agency and establishment of the branch school in each student's residence area. 4. The RN-BSN program should offer a long distance education to place-bound RN student in many parts of Korea. That is, from the main office of university, the RN-BSN courses are delivered to many areas by Internet, EdNet (satellite telecommunication) and other non-traditional methods. 5. For allowing RN student to take nursing courses, program length should be various, depending upon the student's study/work schedule. That is, the various term systems such as semester, three terms, quarter systems and the student's status like full time or part time should be considered. Therefore, the student can take advantage of the many other educational and professional opportunities, making them available during the school year.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.1-31
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• 2017

현대 기업들은 효율성과 생산성을 향상시킬 뿐 아니라 시장 진출을 위해 새로운 기술들을 채택하고 있다. 광고 업계도 전통적인 채널 (라디오, TV 및 인쇄 매체)에서 인터넷, 소셜 미디어, 모바일 기반광고와 같은 새로운 매체로 지속적인 파괴적 혁신을 경험하고 있다. 본 연구는 서울 지하철에 지능형 광고 비즈니스 모델을 제안한 사례이다. 서울은 세계에서 가장 분주 한 지하철 중 하나로서 메트로 네트워크를 통해 마케팅 담당자가 다양한 고객과 잠재 고객 모두와 교류하고 상호 작용할 수 있는 플랫폼이 될 수 있다. 현재의 광고 매체의 대부분은 공간, 조명 등 국부적 한계를 가지고 있으나 본 사례의 지능형 디지털 광고 플랫폼은 데이터로 구동되는 광고를 통해 위치기반 모바일 전자상거래를 제공할 수 있다. 등록된 지하철 카드를 통해 고객 데이터를 분석하고 특정 고객 그룹을 타겟팅하고, 대상 소비자 그룹을 기반으로 광고 사용자를 정의하고, 동영상, 애니메이션, 쿠폰, 문자 등 다양한 광고 형식을 제공 할 수 있다. 위치 정보를 통해 다음역을 탐지하여 지하철 안의 스크린이 다음 정차 할 역의 광고에 우선 순위를 부여하고, 사용자 모바일에서 알림을 수신하도록 선택한 고객은 광고주의 사업장 근처에 접근 할 때 알림을 받게 된다. 또한, 내비게이션 서비스를 통해 지하 쇼핑몰의 고객이 상점, 제품, 시설, 이벤트 등을 검색하고 광고나 추천서비스를 받을 수 있게 한다. 이러한 광고는 고객이 광고를 클릭하면 제품 설명 페이지로 연결되어 전자 상거래로 이어지도록 한다. 이 모델을 통해 개선된 고객 경험뿐만 아니라 지하상가의 중소기업 지원, 새로운 직업 기회, 비즈니스 모델 운영자에 대한 추가 매출 및 광고 유연성 등 새로운 가치 창출이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.733-739
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• 1966

A 371 agricultural households from 26 different communities in South Korea was subjected on a study of food taboos in January of 1966. To the pregnant women, those to whom a high protein diet is particurally important, as many as 14 different kinds of foods, mostly portein rich foods, were avoided to eat. It is believed that if duck is eaten while pregnant her baby may walk like a duck in later life. Some mother have a strong aversion to the rabbit meat that her unborn baby must be a harelip. It is feared to eat chicken, shark or carp by the pregnant mother for her baby may get a gooseflesh appearance, or fish scale-like skin in later life. It is thought that if mother eats soup made of meat borns, especially chicken bones, a disfigured baby may be born. Some area informed that if mother eats crab meat her future baby will always bubble. To the child-bearing mothers 13 different kinds of foods were avoided to eat. Some believe that if raddish kimchi, soybean curd, squash are eaten while dilivery that mother may get dental decay or to lose all her teeth. Other think that highly spiced raddish kimchi cause delivery difficult. To the lactating mothers 7 different items of foods were not recommended to eat. It is a common belief that eating green vegetables, especially fresh lettuce, are restricted that her baby may stool greenish. It is said that eating ginsen-chicken soup, or ginsen tea during lactating reduces breast milk secretion. To the weaning babies 7 different kinds of foods were prohibited to fee. Eggs are not eaten because mothers think her babies will start to talk very late. Eight different items of foods in cases of gastro-intestinal diseases, 5 items for liver disease, 7 items for high blood pressure as well as for paralysis were respectively restricted. It is said that meats including pork, beef, and chicken are neither desirable for the patients of high blood pressure nor those of paralysis. To the measles children 10 varieties of foods were restricted. Especially soybean products and meats were not encouraged to use for avoiding asecond attack of measles. For the common cold 8 different kinds of foods were aversed and men think that eating of soup of undria delays a recovery. For the tuberculosis 4 kinds of foods were prohibited to eat. It is said that wine, red pepper and ginsen will stimulate lung bleeding. Many mothers had a strong aversion to fermented shrimp and fish in case of style. and 5 different items of foods were restricted. In case of menstration not so many foods were restricted as other cases, but meat soup is not eaten in this condition in some areas. Majority of food taboos in Korean villages are neither based on tribal nor religious factors. But no one knows how, since what ages, from where, these food taboos have been transmitted and spread over the country. This survey found a great variety of food taboos, aversions, traditional beliefs and prohibitions latent unknown reseasons, or non-scientific conceptions, or completely different ideas from the modern medical aspect, or somewhat fallacious and superstitious beliefs. For the vascular disease contrasting approach were found between modern the oritical therapy and popular remedy among the rural populations who largely depend on the eastern medication. Further scientific study on either side should be done to lead the patient proper way. Many restricted foods such as rabbit, duck, chicken and fish are best resources of protein rich foods which are available in the village. Emphasis should be laid upon breaking down fallacious and supersititious food taboos through the extended nutrition education activities in order to improve food habit and good eating pattern for healthier and stronger generations of Korea.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.157-178
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• 2009

Corporate credit rating is a very important factor in the market for corporate debt. Information concerning corporate operations is often disseminated to market participants through the changes in credit ratings that are published by professional rating agencies, such as Standard and Poor's (S&P) and Moody's Investor Service. Since these agencies generally require a large fee for the service, and the periodically provided ratings sometimes do not reflect the default risk of the company at the time, it may be advantageous for bond-market participants to be able to classify credit ratings before the agencies actually publish them. As a result, it is very important for companies (especially, financial companies) to develop a proper model of credit rating. From a technical perspective, the credit rating constitutes a typical, multiclass, classification problem because rating agencies generally have ten or more categories of ratings. For example, S&P's ratings range from AAA for the highest-quality bonds to D for the lowest-quality bonds. The professional rating agencies emphasize the importance of analysts' subjective judgments in the determination of credit ratings. However, in practice, a mathematical model that uses the financial variables of companies plays an important role in determining credit ratings, since it is convenient to apply and cost efficient. These financial variables include the ratios that represent a company's leverage status, liquidity status, and profitability status. Several statistical and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been applied as tools for predicting credit ratings. Among them, artificial neural networks are most prevalent in the area of finance because of their broad applicability to many business problems and their preeminent ability to adapt. However, artificial neural networks also have many defects, including the difficulty in determining the values of the control parameters and the number of processing elements in the layer as well as the risk of over-fitting. Of late, because of their robustness and high accuracy, support vector machines (SVMs) have become popular as a solution for problems with generating accurate prediction. An SVM's solution may be globally optimal because SVMs seek to minimize structural risk. On the other hand, artificial neural network models may tend to find locally optimal solutions because they seek to minimize empirical risk. In addition, no parameters need to be tuned in SVMs, barring the upper bound for non-separable cases in linear SVMs. Since SVMs were originally devised for binary classification, however they are not intrinsically geared for multiclass classifications as in credit ratings. Thus, researchers have tried to extend the original SVM to multiclass classification. Hitherto, a variety of techniques to extend standard SVMs to multiclass SVMs (MSVMs) has been proposed in the literature Only a few types of MSVM are, however, tested using prior studies that apply MSVMs to credit ratings studies. In this study, we examined six different techniques of MSVMs: (1) One-Against-One, (2) One-Against-AIL (3) DAGSVM, (4) ECOC, (5) Method of Weston and Watkins, and (6) Method of Crammer and Singer. In addition, we examined the prediction accuracy of some modified version of conventional MSVM techniques. To find the most appropriate technique of MSVMs for corporate bond rating, we applied all the techniques of MSVMs to a real-world case of credit rating in Korea. The best application is in corporate bond rating, which is the most frequently studied area of credit rating for specific debt issues or other financial obligations. For our study the research data were collected from National Information and Credit Evaluation, Inc., a major bond-rating company in Korea. The data set is comprised of the bond-ratings for the year 2002 and various financial variables for 1,295 companies from the manufacturing industry in Korea. We compared the results of these techniques with one another, and with those of traditional methods for credit ratings, such as multiple discriminant analysis (MDA), multinomial logistic regression (MLOGIT), and artificial neural networks (ANNs). As a result, we found that DAGSVM with an ordered list was the best approach for the prediction of bond rating. In addition, we found that the modified version of ECOC approach can yield higher prediction accuracy for the cases showing clear patterns.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2017

본 연구는 안동 하회마을을 대상으로 1970년대 이후 현재에 이르기까지 담장의 형태적 변화양상을 파악하고자 소재 및 형태, 분포 중심의 변화과정을 4시기로 구분하고, 이에 따른 특성을 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 안동 하회마을이 문화재로 지정되기 이전인 1970년대는 마을 중심부의 토담에 기와를 얹은 형태가 주를 이루고 있었으며, 마을 외곽부에서는 토담에 볏짚이나 솔잎 등을 올리거나 담장을 설치하지 않을 경우, 싸리담을 두르기도 하였다. 둘째, 1980년대 문화재 지정 이후에는 초기단계의 문화재 정비가 이루어졌으나, 대부분 퇴락가옥 보수나 기반시설 정비에 중점을 두고 있어 담장에 대해서는 문화재 지정 이전의 분포와 큰 변화가 확인되지 않았다. 셋째, 과거 하회마을의 입지 특성상 담장에 돌을 사용하기 어려운 실정이었으나 1990년대에 들어서면서 토석담으로의 대거 교체가 확인되었으며, 이전시기에 비해 머리부에 기와를 사용한 사례가 증가되었다. 이전시기 주를 이루던 토담의 비중은 감소하였으며, 이러한 양상은 2000년대까지도 지속된 것으로 보인다. 넷째, 현장조사를 통해 오늘날 하회마을의 담장을 살펴본 결과, 마사토에 시멘트, 강회, 자갈 등을 섞은 몸체가 마을 대부분의 담장을 이루고 있었으며 이엉을 얹은 담장과 싸리담의 범위는 마을 외곽부의 일부로 축소되었다. 다섯째, 1970년대부터 현재에 이르기까지 나타나는 하회마을 담장의 변화특성으로 새로운 소재의 사용빈도 증가와 기존 가옥의 담장교체에 따라 머리부에 기와를 얹은 가옥 범위의 확대 등이 도출되었으며, 그 요인은 풍수적 가치 퇴조, 원형 기록에 대한 부족, 건축물 외 시설에 대한 인식 및 전문성 결여, 기타 담장 정비에 대한 마을 주민간의 관계 등으로 확인되었다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2006

후기산업사회에서 기업내 디자인팀, 디자이너컨설턴시에 의해 디자인된 제품이 생산되고 유통되는 것이 일반적인 디자인체제이다. 과거 전통 사회의 버내큐러 디자인(Vernacular Design)같은 디자인체제 또한 오늘날 시대적 요구에 맞게 변형되어 인간의 물질환경을 형성하는 디자인문화로 남아 있다. 기성디자인과 다른 우리 주변의 다양한 디자인산물들은 사용자에 의한 변용, 일상영역에서의 생산물 등의 사례로 발견되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 사례를 가지고 비전문적 디자인생산물의 구성품배치의 변화와 산물의 발생상황등의 맥락을 보기 위해 창조성템플릿이론과 산물맥락모델(ACM:Artifact Context Model)을 이용해 분석하였다. 이 연구를 통해 비전문영역에서 보이는 일상 디자인산물들은 일상디자인주체, 사용자가 만들어 내는 평범하지만 나름대로 아이디어와 특이성이 드러나는 산물이며, 이러한 특성들은 기성디자인영역에 새로운 창조적 모티브가 되거나 기성적 디자인영역을 보완하는 하나의 디자인체계의 가능성을 찾을 수 있었다. 기존 디자인에서 볼 수 없는 다양한 모색과 대안이 만들어지는 일상디자인영역은 기업의 제품기획과 마케팅의 한계와는 다른 디자인실천의 영역이다. 또한 신뢰성있는 소비자, 사용자 모델링은 사용자 친화적 디자인, 사용자 커스터마이제이션 구현에 쉬운 접근이 될 수 있다. 향 후 연구에서는 본 연구의 탐색적 디자인과정에 대한 해석과 일상적 디자인산물 분석을 바탕으로 일상디자이너에 대한 중점적인 인지적 프로세스 모델링 등을 통해 기존디자인프로세스 및 디자인교육에 대한 새로운 접근 가능성을 모색할 수 있을 것이다.이미지의 상징적 이미지를 형상화한다. 코리아 이미지를 이용한 형상화 연구는 한국의 정체성을 명확하게 하며, 도시환경을 구성하는 물리적인 요소에 의한 사용자의 행태적인 변화뿐만 아니라 한국의 문화적 가치향상에도 많은 영향을 주리라 본다.제시하고자 한다.이는 소형 모바일 정보기기의 텍스트 레이아웃 디자인에 충분히 활용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.강조하고 있으나 친환경성이 입증되지 않은 제품에 대해서도 친환경 소재임을 내세워 소비자의 판단을 흐리는 경우가 많으므로 이에 대한 시정이 필요하다.칼리를 시용한 구보다 유의하게 높았는데(p<0.05), 이러한 경향은 이른 봄에 액상구비를 시용한 구에서 더욱 뚜렷하였다. 불과하였고 설명 후 이의 필요성에 대하여 묻는 질문에는 135명(71.4%)이 필요하다고 하였으며 동의서의 길이가 길어진다면 스스로 읽겠다(30명, 15.9%)기보다는 84.1%가 구두설명의 필요성을 요구하고 있었다. 임상시험시 발생하는 부작용 또는 문제점의 발생시 의사나 회사에 책임을 묻겠다는 대답이 76명(40.2%)으로 이 중 17명(9.0%)은 시비를 가리지 않고 무조건 책임을 묻겠다고 하였다. 결 론 : 본 설문조사는 임상시험과 피험자 동의서에 대한 가장 기초적인 설문 조사로 대상인 암환자와 가족들이 비교적 정확하고 긍정적인 견해를 가지고 있었으나 임상시험과 피험자 동의서에 대한 보다 적극적인 홍보와 교육이 필요하며 피험자동의서의 간편성과 이해력의 향상에 대한 연구가 요구됨을 보여주었다. 논평하였음을 퇴계는 '완세불공(玩迷不恭)'이라고 판단했을 것이다. 장육당은 청(淸)과 탁(濁)이 있음을 알지 못하고. 그것의 분별도

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.45-62
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• 2011

The notion of information systems (IS) continuance has recently emerged as one of the most important research issues in the field of IS. A great deal of research has been conducted thus far on the basis of theories adapted from various disciplines including consumer behaviors and social psychology, in addition to theories regarding information technology (IT) acceptance. This previous body of knowledge provides a robust research framework that can already account for the determination of IS continuance; however, this research points to other, thus-far-unelucidated determinant factors such as habit, which were not included in traditional IT acceptance frameworks, and also re-emphasizes the importance of emotion-related constructs such as satisfaction in addition to conscious intention with rational beliefs such as usefulness. Experiences should also be considered one of the most important factors determining the characteristics of information system (IS) continuance and the features distinct from those determining IS acceptance, because more experienced users may have more opportunities for IS use, which would allow them more frequent use than would be available to less experienced or non-experienced users. Interestingly, experience has dual features that may contradictorily influence IS use. On one hand, attitudes predicated on direct experience have been shown to predict behavior better than attitudes from indirect experience or without experience; as more information is available, direct experience may render IS use a more salient behavior, and may also make IS use more accessible via memory. Therefore, experience may serve to intensify the relationship between IS use and conscious intention with evaluations, On the other hand, experience may culminate in the formation of habits: greater experience may also imply more frequent performance of the behavior, which may lead to the formation of habits, Hence, like experience, users' activation of an IS may be more dependent on habit-that is, unconscious automatic use without deliberation regarding the IS-and less dependent on conscious intentions, Furthermore, experiences can provide basic information necessary for satisfaction with the use of a specific IS, thus spurring the formation of both conscious intentions and unconscious habits, Whereas IT adoption Is a one-time decision, IS continuance may be a series of users' decisions and evaluations based on satisfaction with IS use. Moreover. habits also cannot be formed without satisfaction, even when a behavior is carried out repeatedly. Thus, experiences also play a critical role in satisfaction, as satisfaction is the consequence of direct experiences of actual behaviors. In particular, emotional experiences such as enjoyment can become as influential on IS use as are utilitarian experiences such as usefulness; this is especially true in light of the modern increase in membership-based hedonic systems - including online games, web-based social network services (SNS), blogs, and portals-all of which attempt to provide users with self-fulfilling value. Therefore, in order to understand more clearly the role of experiences in IS continuance, analysis must be conducted under a research framework that includes intentions, habits, and satisfaction, as experience may not only have duration-based moderating effects on the relationship between both intention and habit and the activation of IS use, but may also have content-based positive effects on satisfaction. This is consistent with the basic assumptions regarding the determining factors in IS continuance as suggested by Oritz de Guinea and Markus: consciousness, emotion, and habit. The principal objective of this study was to explore and assess the effects of experiences in IS continuance, with special consideration given to conscious intentions and unconscious habits, as well as satisfaction. IN service of this goal, along with a review of the relevant literature regarding the effects of experiences and habit on continuous IS use, this study suggested a research model that represents the roles of experience: its moderating role in the relationships of IS continuance with both conscious intention and unconscious habit, and its antecedent role in the development of satisfaction. For the validation of this research model. Korean university student users of 'Cyworld', one of the most influential social network services in South Korea, were surveyed, and the data were analyzed via partial least square (PLS) analysis to assess the implications of this study. In result most hypotheses in our research model were statistically supported with the exception of one. Although one hypothesis was not supported, the study's findings provide us with some important implications. First the role of experience in IS continuance differs from its role in IS acceptance. Second, the use of IS was explained by the dynamic balance between habit and intention. Third, the importance of satisfaction was confirmed from the perspective of IS continuance with experience.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.325-337
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• 2002

백운 폐광산 주변에 방치된 폐석으로 인한 하천수 및 하상퇴적물의 중금속오염정도를 알아보고자 하였다. 광산활동과 관련되어 발생하는 주변 하천수의 Al 및 Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Mn, Fe 등의 중금속 및 기타 이온의 부화현상은 하천수의 TDS를 높이며 또한, 수질을 악화시키는 요인이 된다. 백운광산 주변의 하천수는 Ca와 SO$_4$가 주를 이루는 Ca-SO$_4$형을 보이며, 부분적으로 황화광물의 화학적 풍화로 인한 중금속부화현상을 보인다. 광산을 경유해서 흐르는 하천수는 알카리 및 알카리 토류원소에 의한 중화작용의 영향으로 pH는 6.S-7.1의 약산성내지 중성을 띤다 폐갱구로부터 홀러나오는 갱내수 또한 약산성 내지 중성을 띠며, 광산내의 광석과 맥석광물과의 화학적 풍화로 인해 높은 원소함량을 보인다. 백운 폐광산 주변의 하천수는 갱내수가 유입되는 지역에서 높은 농도를 보이다 하류로 갈수록 농도가 급격히 낮아진다. 이온농도가 낮아지고 pH가 중성을 띠는 것은 자연적으로 오염을 조정해주는 희석 및 침전, 흡착 등으로 인한 완충작용의 결과이다. 토양내에서 중금속의 이동성이나 생물학적 이용능력을 알아보기 위하여 단계별 추출법을 이용하여 하상퇴적물에서 Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb의 존재형태를 5가지 단계로 분류하였다: 이온교환형태, 탄산염형태, 철-망간 산화물형태, 유기물형태, 잔류상형태. 대부분의 퇴적물에서 Cu(21-92%) 및 Zn(28-89%), Pb(23-94%)는 잔류상형태가 우세하였으며, Cd는 퇴적물에서 다른 원소에 비해 낮은 농도(2.7-52.8 mg/kg)를 보여주었으나 대부분 불안정한 형태(68-97%)가 우세하였다. 상류 퇴적물에서는 폐석으로 인해 Pb의 농도가 높게 나타나며, 하류 퇴적물은 Zn이 높은 농도를 보여, Zn 과 불안정한 형태가 우세한 Cd이 이동성이 높은 원소임을 알 수 있었다.thing construction. The presentation coverages and relative difficulties of textbooks were, however, diverse. It is somewhat noticeable that, while fewer professors majoring in clothing construction participated in writing, generally more pages were allocated to clothing construction than other areas. While presentations on anthropometrics method, construction theory, draft theory, usage of sewing machine and fitting theory were insufficient most textbooks were dealing with drafting of basic slopers and sewing procedure, etc. Making-up techniques on the apparels items such as Korean traditional men's pants, pajamas, shirt vest skirt, pants, apron and Korean pouch were handled closely in each textbook.different from the one in the l980s worn by the demonstrators of popular movements and democratic movements, and it emerged as a new symbol with the characteristics of cultural movement like community consciousness and nature affiliation.