• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.277-283
• /
• 2015

This study aims at analyzing determinants of non-farming income activities of female farmers, and presenting how to support their participation in non-farming activities. The result of logistic regressive analysis whose subjects are female farmers in the Chungnam area indicates that human and economic capital variables that can predict non-farming income activity participation statistically significantly are persons at the age of 40s to 50s and female farmers who returned to the rural areas. Farming characteristic variables are households that receive subsidiary and participate in two different types of farming whose main farming is rice. The female farmers who spend longer hours doing household chores participate in non-farming income activities more actively. In terms of policy and on-site response variables, the interest in farming and farming businesses shows positive relation, and that of farming and community organization participation presents negative relation. These analysis results indicate that the local government must present the policy that can select non-farming income activity participation groups strategically. This study suggest that it is necessary to expand community centered-non-farming income activities, and to expand or make laws to support female farmer's participation in non-farming activities.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.82 no.3
• /
• pp.325-341
• /
• 2022

Previous major earthquakes indicated that the earthquake induced ground motions are typical non-stationary processes, which are non-stationary in both amplification and frequency. For the convenience of aseismic design and analysis, it usually assumes that the ground motions at structural supports are stationary processes. The development of time-frequency analysis technique makes it possible to evaluate the non-stationary responses of engineering structures subjected to non-stationary inputs, which is more general and realistic than the analysis method commonly used in engineering. In this paper, the wavelet-based stochastic vibration analysis methodology is adopted to calculate the non-stationary responses of multi-support structures. For comparison, the stationary response based on the standard random vibration method is also investigated. A frame structure and a two-span bridge are analyzed. The effects of non-stationary spatial ground motion and local site conditions are considered, and the influence of structural property on the structural responses are also considered. The analytical results demonstrate that the non-stationary spatial ground motions have significant influence on the response of multi-support structures.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.797-802
• /
• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the predictive value of perfusion computed tomography (CT) for response of local advanced esophageal carcinoma to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Before any treatment, forty-three local advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinomas were prospectively evaluated by perfusion scan with 16-row CT from June 2009 to January 2012. Perfusion parameters, including perfusion (BF), peak enhanced density (PED), blood volume (BV), and time to peak (TTP) were measured using Philips perfusion software. Seventeen cases received definitive radiotherapy and 26 received concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. The response was evaluated by CT scan and esophagography. Differences in perfusion parameters between responders and non-responders were analyzed, and ROCs were used to assess predictive value of the baseline parameters for treatment response. Results: There were 25 responders (R) and 18 non-responders (NR). Responders showed significantly higher BF (R:34.1 ml/100g/min vs NR: 25.0 ml/100g/min, p=0.001), BV (23.2 ml/100g vs 18.3 ml/100g, p=0.009) and PED (32.5 HU vs 28.32HU, P=0.003) than non-responders. But the baseline TTP (R: 38.2s vs NR: 44.10s, p=0.172) had no difference in the two groups. For baseline BF, a threshold of 36.1 ml/100g/min achieved a sensitivity of 56%, and a specificity of 94.4% for detection of clinical responders from non-responders. Conclusions: The results suggest that the perfusion CT can provide some helpful information for identifying tumors that may respond to radio-chemotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.225-231
• /
• 2011

Objectives Atypical antipsychotics show better treatment efficacy, safety and tolerability than typical antipsychotics. Among the adverse events observed during treatment with antipsychotics, extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) and negative symptoms has been greatly reduced. But still, weight gain is receiving growing attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between therapeutic response to atypical antipsychotics and weight gain in admission status. Methods The study was conducted for Korean inpatients with schizophrenia in a university hospital in Seoul, between Jan 2006 and Dec 2010. Data was collected by reviewing the medical record of 39 consecutively hospitalized patients with Schizophrenia (DSM-IV) at a university hospital. Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), Body Mass Index (BMI) and body weights were measured. Results No significant difference was observed for sex, age, illness onset age, family history of schizophrenia, numbers of hospitalization before treatment, educational years, marriage status, occupational status and subtype of schizophrenia between weight gainers and non-weight gainers. Regarding treatment response to atypical antipsychotics, weight gainers show significantly more PANSS decrease than non-weight gainers during admission period. Conclusions Our findings suggest that it appears to be more likely to respond to atypical antipsychotics in weight gainers than non-weight gainers (that weght gainers appear to be more likely to respond to atypical antipsychotics than non-weight gainers). These results show that the antipsychotic-induced body weight gain is associated with therapeutic response of antipsychotics in Korean inpatients with schizophrenia.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.117-127
• /
• 2000

The non-ELR-containing CXC chemokines Mig and IP-10 have been shown to function as chemotactic cytokines for activated T lymphocytes. In this study, we examined the potential involvement of Mig and IP-10 in antimycobacterial response of mice immunized or infected with M. bovis BCG. The accumulation of Mig and IP-10 mRNA in resident peritoneal monocytes ($RPM{\Phi}$) was slightly reduced by stimulation with vBCG, and the degree was greater for 24 hr culture even though IFN-${\gamma}$ was added. Expression of Mig, IP-10, and IFN-${\gamma}$ in 24 hr delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response was stronger in vBCG-immune mice than in the non-immune. The increase of DTH measured by foot-pad thickness appears to be clearly related to the levels of chemokines Mig and IP10 messages and those of IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-12. Stimulation with vBCG for 2 days decreased or completely dropped the levels of Mig message in non-immune or immune splenocytes, respectively, whereas IP-10 message was slightly decreased in 2 days culture. Moreover, messages for IL-12 (p40) showed similar kinetics for Mig. The levels of Mig and IP-10 mRNA during the course of infection with BCG were not readily changed in lungs, livers, and spleens from BCG-infected mice. Although there was no obvious changes of Mig and IP-10 messages in the target organs during infection process, we found that the infection progressed over the first 3 wk before being contained by the emerging immune response suggested from detectable amount of IFN-${\gamma}$ mRNA around this time. In view of selectivity of chemokines Mig and IP-10 for activated T cells, these data suggest that chemokine Mig and IP-10, especially in collaboration with IL-12 and IFN-${\gamma}$, may playa role as T cell recruiters in immune response against mycobacterial infection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.893-897
• /
• 2006

Structures with additional frictional damping system have strong nonlinearity that the dynamic behavior is highly affected. by the relative magnitude between frictional force and excitation load. In this study, normalized response spectra of the structures with non-dimensional friction force are obtained through nonlinear time history analyses of the mass-normalized single degree of freedom systems using 20 ground motion data recorded on rock site. The variation of the control performance of frictional damping system is investigated in terms of the dynamic load and the structural natural period, of which effects were not considered in the previous studies. Least square curve fitting equations are presented for describing those normalized response spectrum and optimal non-dimensional friction forces are obtained for controlling the peak displacement and absolute acceleration of the structure based on the derivative of the curve fitted design spectrum.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.255-263
• /
• 1994

To elucidate the action of the adrenergic nerve on the isolated uterine smooth muscle of the pig, effects of electrical transmural nerve stimulation and norepinephrine were investigated on the pretreatment of phentolamine ； non-selective ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptor blocker, propranolol ; ${\beta}$-adrenoceptor blocker and the yohimbine；${\alpha}_2$-selective adrenoceptor blocker from physiograph. 1. The relaxation response induced by norepinephrine was the concentration of $10^{-6}$ M at first and maximum response was concentration of $10^{-4}$M. 2. The relaxation response induced by norepinephrine was not effected by the pretreatment with non-selective $\alpha$-adrenoceptor blocker, phentolanune ($10^{-6}$ M) but was completely blocked by the pretreatment with ${\beta}$-adrenoceptor blocker, propranolol($10^{-6}$ M). 3. The contractile response induced by electrical transmural nerve stimulation(20V, 10Hz, 0.5msec, 20sec ) was inhibited by the pretreatment with non-selective ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptor blocker, phentolamine($10^{-6}$ M) but was not inhibited and rather increased by the pretreatment ${\beta}$-adrenoceptor blocker, propranolol($10^{-6}$ M), and was not approximately effected by the pretreatment with ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptor blocker, yohimbine($10^{-6}$ M). These finding suggest that it was excitatory action by ${\alpha}_1$-adrenergic nerve and inhibitory action by ${\alpha}_2$-adrenergic, ${\beta}$-adrenergic nerve on uterine smooth muscle of the pig.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.97-111
• /
• 2020

Cylindrical steel tanks are important components of industrial facilities. Their safety becomes a crucial issue since any failure may cause catastrophic consequences. The aim of the paper is to show the results of comprehensive FEM numerical investigation focused on the response of cylindrical steel tanks under mining tremors and moderate earthquakes. The effects of different levels of liquid filling, the influence of non-uniform seismic excitation as well as the aspects of diagnosis of structural damage have been investigated. The results of the modal analysis indicate that the level of liquid filling is really essential in the structural analysis leading to considerable changes in the shapes of vibration modes with a substantial reduction in the natural frequencies when the level of liquid increases. The results of seismic and paraseismic analysis indicate that the filling the tank with liquid leads to the substantial increase in the structural response underground motions. It has also been observed that the peak structural response values under mining tremors and moderate earthquakes can be comparable to each other. Moreover, the consideration of spatial effects related to seismic wave propagation leads to a considerable decrease in the structural response under non-uniform seismic excitation. Finally, the analysis of damage diagnosis in steel tanks shows that different types of damage may induce changes in the free vibration modes and values of natural frequencies.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.1 s.118
• /
• pp.88-94
• /
• 2007

Structures with additional frictional damping system have strong nonlinearity that the dynamic behavior is highly affected by the relative magnitude between frictional force and excitation load. In this study, normalized response spectra of the structures with non-dimensional friction force are obtained through nonlinear time history analyses of the mass-normalized single degree of freedom systems using 20 ground motion data recorded on rock site. The variation of the control performance of frictional damping system is investigated in terms of the dynamic load and the structural natural period, of which effects were not considered in the previous studies. Least square curve fitting equations are presented for describing those normalized response spectrum and optimal non-dimensional friction forces are obtained for controlling the peak displacement and absolute acceleration of the structure based on the derivative of the curve-fitted design spectrum.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.68 no.5
• /
• pp.591-601
• /
• 2018

Non-moment beam-to-column connections, which are usually referred to as simple or shear connections, are typically designed to carry only gravity loads in the form of vertical shears. Although in the analysis of structures these connections are usually assumed to be pinned, they may provide a small amount of rotational stiffness due to the typical connection details. This paper investigates the effects of this small rotational restraint of simple beam-to-column connections on the behavior and seismic response of steel braced non-moment resisting frames. Two types of commonly used simple connections with bolted angles, i.e., the Double Web angle Connection (DWC) and Unstiffened Seat angle Connection (USC) are considered for this purpose. In addition to the pinned condition - as a simplified representation of these connections - more accurate semi-rigid models are established and then applied to some frame models subjected to nonlinear pushover and nonlinear time history analyses. Although the use of bracing elements generally reduces the sensitivity of the global structural response to the behavior of connections, the obtained results indicate considerable effects on the local responses. Namely, our results show that consideration of the real behavior of connections is essential in designing the column elements where the pin-connection assumption significantly underestimates design of outer columns of upper stories.