DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Numerical investigation on behaviour of cylindrical steel tanks during mining tremors and moderate earthquakes

  • Burkacki, Daniel (Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering) ;
  • Wojcik, Michal (Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering) ;
  • Jankowski, Robert (Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering)
  • 투고 : 2019.01.12
  • 심사 : 2019.11.13
  • 발행 : 2020.01.25

초록

Cylindrical steel tanks are important components of industrial facilities. Their safety becomes a crucial issue since any failure may cause catastrophic consequences. The aim of the paper is to show the results of comprehensive FEM numerical investigation focused on the response of cylindrical steel tanks under mining tremors and moderate earthquakes. The effects of different levels of liquid filling, the influence of non-uniform seismic excitation as well as the aspects of diagnosis of structural damage have been investigated. The results of the modal analysis indicate that the level of liquid filling is really essential in the structural analysis leading to considerable changes in the shapes of vibration modes with a substantial reduction in the natural frequencies when the level of liquid increases. The results of seismic and paraseismic analysis indicate that the filling the tank with liquid leads to the substantial increase in the structural response underground motions. It has also been observed that the peak structural response values under mining tremors and moderate earthquakes can be comparable to each other. Moreover, the consideration of spatial effects related to seismic wave propagation leads to a considerable decrease in the structural response under non-uniform seismic excitation. Finally, the analysis of damage diagnosis in steel tanks shows that different types of damage may induce changes in the free vibration modes and values of natural frequencies.

키워드

과제정보

연구 과제 주관 기관 : Polish National Centre of Science

참고문헌

  1. ABAQUS (2011), Explicit version 6.11 User's Manual, Dassault Systemes.
  2. Bayraktar, A., Sevim, B., Altun, A.C. and Turker, T. (2010), "Effect of the model updating on the earthquake behavior of steel storage tanks", J. Constr. Steel Res., 66(3), 462-469. ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2009.10.006.
  3. Buratti, N. and Tavano, M. (2014), "Dynamic buckling and seismic fragility of anchored steel tanks by the added mass method", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 43(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2326.
  4. Burkacki, D. and Jankowski, R. (2019), "Experimental study on models of cylindrical steel tanks under mining tremors and moderate earthquakes", Earthq. Struct., 17(2), 175-189. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2019.17.2.175.
  5. Cho, K.H. and Cho, S.Y. (2007), "Seismic response of cylindrical steel tanks considering fluid-structure interaction", Steel Struct., 7(2), 147-152.
  6. Cooper, T.W. (1997), "A Study of the Performance of Petroleum Storage Tanks During Earthquakes", 1933-1995, NIST No. GCR 97-720, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburgh, Md., U.S.A.
  7. Der Kiureghian, A. (1996), "A coherency model for spatially varying ground motions", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 25(1), 99-111. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199601)25:1<99::AID-EQE540>3.0.CO;2-C.
  8. DiGrado, B.D. and Thorp, G.A. (1995), The Aboveground Steel Storage Tank Handbook, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, U.S.A.
  9. Djermane, M., Zaoui, D., Labbaci, B. and Hammadi, F. (2014), "Dynamic buckling of steel tanks under seismic excitation: numerical evaluation of code provisions", Eng. Struct., 70(1), 181-196. ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.03.037.
  10. Edwards, N.W. (1969), A Procedure for the Analysis of the Dynamic of Thin-Walled Cylindrical Liquid Storage Tanks, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.
  11. Elwardany, H., Seleemah, A. and Jankowski R. (2017), "Seismic pounding behavior of multi-story buildings in series considering the effect of infill panels", Eng. Struct., 144, 139-150. ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.01.078.
  12. Falborski, T. and Jankowski, R. (2017), "Experimental study on effectiveness of a prototype seismic isolation system made of polymeric bearings", Appl. Sci., 7(8), 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7080808.
  13. Falborski, T., Jankowski, R. and Kwiecien, A. (2012), "Experimental study on polymer mass used to repair damaged structures", Key Eng. Mater., 488-489, 347-350. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.488-489.347
  14. Fenves, G. and Vargas-Loli, L.M. (1988), "Nonlinear dynamic analysis of fluid-structure systems", J. Eng. Mech., 114(2), 219-240. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1988)114:2(219).
  15. Godoy, L.A. (1996), Thin-Walled Structures with Structural Imperfections Analysis and Behaviour, Pergamon Press-Elsevier, New York, U.S.A.
  16. Harichandran, R.S. and Vanmarcke, E.H. (1986), "Stochastic variation of earthquake ground motion in space and time", J. Eng. Mech., 112(2), 154-174. ttps://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1986)112:2(154)
  17. Harichandran, R.S., Hawwari, A. and Sweidan, B.N. (1996), "Response of long-span bridges to spatially varying ground motion", J. Struct. Eng., 122(5), 476-484. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1996)122:5(476).
  18. Haroun, M.A. and Housner, G.W. (1981), "Seismic design of liquid storage tanks", J. Tech. Councils, SCE, 107(1), 191-207. https://doi.org/10.1061/JTCAD9.0000080
  19. Hoskins, L.M. and Jacobsen, L.S. (1934), "Water pressure in a tank caused by a simulated earthquakes", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 24(1), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0240010001
  20. Hosseinzadeh, N., Kazem, H., Ghahremannejad, M., Ahmadi, E. and Kazem, N. (2013), "Comparison of API650-2008 provisions with FEM analyses for seismic assessment of existing steel oil storage tanks", J. Loss Prevent. Process Industr., 26(4), 666-675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2013.01.004.
  21. Housner, G.W. (1954), "Earthquake pressures on fluid containers", Report No. 081-095 Eighth Technical Report under Office of Naval Research, Project Designation, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, U.S.A.
  22. Housner, G.W. (1957), "Dynamic pressure on accelerated fluid containers", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 47(1), 15-35. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0470010015
  23. Housner, G.W. (1963), "The dynamic behaviour of water tanks", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 53(2), 381-387. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0530020381
  24. Hwang, I.T. and Ting, K. (1989), "Boundary element method for fluid-structure interaction problems in liquid storage tanks", J. Press. Ves. Technol., 3(4), 435-440. ttps://doi.org/10.1115/1.3265701.
  25. Ishida, K. and Kobayashi, N. (1988), "An effective method of analyzing rocking motion unanchored cylindrical tanks including uplift", J. Press. Ves. Technol., 110, 76-87. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3265572.
  26. Jacobsen, L.S. (1949), "Impulsive hydrodynamics of fluid inside a cylindrical tank and of fluid surrounding a cylindrical pier", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 39(3), 189-203. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0390030189
  27. Jankowski, R. (2012), "Non-linear FEM analysis of pounding-involved response of buildings under non-uniform earthquake excitation", Eng. Struct., 37, 99-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.12.035.
  28. Jankowski, R. (2015), "Pounding between superstructure segments in multi-supported elevated bridge with three-span continuous deck under 3D non-uniform earthquake excitation", J. Earthq. Tsunami, 9(4), 1550012. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793431115500128.
  29. Jankowski, R. and Mahmoud, S. (2016), "Linking of adjacent three-storey buildings for mitigation of structural pounding during earthquakes", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 14(11), 3075-3097. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-016-9946-z.
  30. Jankowski, R. and Walukiewicz, H. (1997), "Modeling of two-dimensional random fields", Prob. Eng. Mech., 12(2), 115-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-8920(96)00040-9.
  31. Jankowski, R. and Wilde, K. (2000), "A simple method of conditional random field simulation of ground motions for long structures", Eng. Struct., 22(5), 552-561. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(98)00125-4.
  32. Kim, M.K., Lim, Y.M., Cho, S.Y. and Cho, K.H. (2002), "Seismic analysis of base-isolated liquid storage tanks using the BE-FE-BE coupling technique", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 22(9-12), 1151-1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00142-2.
  33. Lay, K.S. (1993), "Seismic coupled modelling of axisymmetric tanks containing liquid", J. Eng. Mech., 119, 1747-1761. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1993)119:9(1747).
  34. Maciag, E., Kuzniar, K. and Tatara, T. (2016), "Response spectra of ground motions and building foundation vibrations excited by rockbursts in the LGC region", Earthq. Spect., 32, 1769-1791. https://doi.org/10.1193%2F020515EQS022M. https://doi.org/10.1193/020515eqs022m
  35. Mahmoud, S. and Jankowski, R. (2010), "Pounding-involved response of isolated and non-isolated buildings under earthquake excitation", Earthq. Struct., 1(3), 231-252. http://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2010.1.3.231.
  36. Malhotra, P.K. and Veletsos, A.S. (1994), "Uplifting analysis of base plates in cylindrical tanks", J. Struct. Eng., 120(12), 3489-3505. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1994)120:12(3489).
  37. Malhotra, P.K., Wenk, T. and Wieland, M. (2000), "Simple procedure for seismic analysis of liquid storage tanks", Struct. Eng., 10(3), 197-201. https://doi.org/10.2749/101686600780481509.
  38. Manos, G.C. and Clough, R.W. (1985), "Tank damage during the May 1983 Coalinga earthquake", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 13(4), 449-466. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290130403.
  39. Minoglou, M.K., Hatzigeorgiou, G.D. and Papagiannopoulos, G.A. (2013), "Heuristic optimization of cylindrical thin-walled steel tanks under seismic loads", Thin Wall. Struct., 64, 50-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2012.12.009.
  40. Moeindarbari, H., Malekzadeh, M. and Taghikhany, T. (2014), "Probabilistic analysis of seismically isolated elevated liquid storage tank using multi-phase friction bearing", Earthq. Struct., 6(1), 111-125. http://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.6.1.111.
  41. Niwa, A. and Clough, R.W. (1982), "Buckling of cylindrical liquid-storage tanks under earthquake loading", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 10, 107-122. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290100108.
  42. Ozdemir, Z., Souli, M. and Fahjan, Y.M. (2010), "Application of nonlinear fluid-structure interaction methods to seismic analysis of anchored and unanchored tanks", Eng. Struct., 32(2), 409-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.10.004.
  43. Salawu, O.S. (1997), "Detection of structural damage through changes in frequency: a review", Eng. Struct., 19(9), 718-723. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(96)00149-6.
  44. Seleemah, A.A. and El-Sharkawy, M. (2011), "Seismic analysis and modeling of isolated elevated liquid storage tanks", Earthq. Struct., 2(4), 397-412. http://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2011.2.4.397.
  45. Shahrjerdi, A. and Bayat, M. (2018), "The effect of composite-elastomer isolation system on the seismic response of liquid-storage tanks: Part I", Earthq. Struct., 15(5), 513-528. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2018.15.5.513.
  46. Shekari, M.R. (2018). "A coupled BE-FE-BE study for investigating the effect of earthquake frequency content and predominant period on seismic behavior of base-isolated concrete rectangular liquid tanks", J. Fluids Struct., 77, 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2017.11.003.
  47. Shekari, M.R., Hekmatzadeh, A.A. and Amiri, S.M. (2019), "On the nonlinear dynamic analysis of base-isolated three-dimensional rectangular thin-walled steel tanks equipped with vertical baffle", Thin Wall. Struct., 138, 79-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.01.037.
  48. Shekari, M.R., Khaji, N. and Ahmadi, M.T. (2010), "On the seismic behavior of cylindrical base-isolated liquid storage tanks excited by long-period ground motions", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 30, 968-980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.04.008.
  49. Spritzer, J.M. and Guzey, S. (2017), "Review of API 650 Annex E: Design of large steel welded aboveground storage tanks excited by seismic loads", Thin Wall. Struct., 112, 41-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2016.11.013.
  50. Sun, J., Cui, L., Li, X., Wang, Z., Liu, W. and Lv, Y. (2018), "Vibration mode decomposition response analysis of large floating roof tank isolation considering swing effect", Earthq. Struct., 15(4), 411-417. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2018.15.4.411.
  51. Veletsos, A.S. (1974), "Seismic effects in flexible liquid storage tanks", Proceedings of the 5th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Rome, Italy,
  52. Veletsos, A.S. (1984), "Seismic response and design of liquid storage tank", Guidelines for Seismic Design of Oil and Gas Pipelines System, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, U.S.A.,
  53. Veletsos, A.S. and Yang, J.Y. (1977), "Earthquake response of liquid storage tanks", Proceedings of the 2nd EMD Specialty Conference, New York, U.S.A.
  54. Virella, J.C., Godoy, L.A., Suarez, L.E. and Mander, J.B. (2003), "Influence of the roof on the natural periods of empty steel tanks", Eng. Struct., 25, 877-887. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(03)00022-1.
  55. Virella, J.C., Prato, C.A. and Godoy, L.A. (2008), "Linear and nonlinear 2D finite element analysis of sloshing modes and pressure in rectangular tanks subjected to horizontal harmonic motions", J. Sound Vib., 312(3), 442-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2007.07.088.
  56. Wozniak, R.S. and Mitchell, W.W. (1978), "Basis of seismic design provisions for welded steel oil storage tanks", Proceedings of the Sessions on Advances in Storage Tank Design, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May.
  57. Zembaty, Z. (2004), "Rockburst induced ground motion-a comparative study", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 24(1), 11-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2003.10.001.
  58. Zembaty, Z. and Rutenberg, A. (2002), "Spatial response spectra and site amplification effects", Eng. Struct., 24(11), 1485-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00096-2.
  59. Zhang, D.Y., Li, X., Yan, W.M., Xie, W.Ch. and Pandey, M.D. (2013), "Stochastic seismic analysis of a concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridge under tridirectional multiple excitations", Eng. Struct., 52, 355-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.01.031.
  60. Ziolko, J. (1986), Steel Tanks for Liquids and Gases, Arkady, Warszawa, Poland.