• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 1995

The objective of this thesis is to analyse empirically the economic resource problems of the rural poor households. Data from 444 rural sample households in four provinces, divided into two subgroups, the poor and the non-poor households, were analysed and compared. The owned arable land size, level of agricultural and non-agricultural income, assets, debts and the sufficiency of living expenses of the poor households were measured and compared with those of non-poor households respectively. The significant findings and drawn conclusions are as follows : The rural poor households 1. tends to show smaller family size, older age and lower level of education of homemakers than the non-poor households, that might work as constraints to income sources and quality. 2. has not only small arable lands and agricultural income but also even smaller cash income, less than 50% of total income, with 27% of self-product consumption and depends more on non-agricultural income than the non-poor households. Such weakness of income structure might cause and increase the income instability of the rural poor households. 3. reveals significantly different level and components of assets from the non-poor households lower level of assets, less amounts of but more load of debt due to lower solvency that comes from low level of income and assets, higher debts for consumption and lower accessibility to credit. All these socio-demographic and economic characteristics of the rural poor households might have compound effects on the economic problems of the poor households and make vicious circle of poor.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 1995

The objective of this study is to analyse consumption problems of the rural poor households. This is a succeeding work to the previous report on economic resource problems. Data from 154 rural poor house holds and 290 rural non-poor households were analysed to comprehend their consumption practices, financial management ability, consumer competence of homemakers, and market environments. The major findings and conclusions are as follows : 1. The rural poor households had deficit of 30, 000 won per month. They perceived relative importance of the educational expenses and food expenses and heavier pressure of educational expenses and light and water expenses than other items. 2. The rural poor households evaluated their financial management ability average like non-poor households but their level of consumer competence was lower than other households. This means their consumer efficiency is relatively low. 3. The rural poor households had similar grade of market environments to non-poor households. This is significantly different from urban households.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.35-64
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• 2013

This paper explores whether or not a minimum wage increase can do much to alleviate working poor. For this purpose, I analyze transitions from working poor to working non-poor and to unemployment or non-economically active states, using KLIPS (Korea Labor and Income Panel Study). This study uses the multilevel multinomial logit model to control unobserved individual heterogenous characteristics. It finds that a minimum wage increase tends to cause a higher probability of transitions from working poor to working non-poor. It is also discovered that a minimum wage increase is not negatively related with the persistence of the working state. It is concluded that minimum wage increases are likely to be effective in improving the living standards of the 'working poor'.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.253-275
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to examine the difference of features between poor group and non-poor group. And, it is examined whether there are man and woman's differences. The investigation targeted the person who were using 'Regional self-support center'. They were classified into poor and non-poor group depending on the participation pattern of the self-support programs. Using logistic regression technique, I analyzed the effects of a series of independent variables on the dependent variable of whether or not person is in poor group and then compared the analysis results. The findings and policy implications are as follows. First, it was found that the health condition of women has a significant effect on the likelihood of poverty. Therefore, it is necessary to support appropriate medical service and improvement of health condition to them. Second, the business career of women was one of the factors affecting. Whether the business career is or not, it is necessary to do different support. Third, like what has been known until now, care giving was found to be a heavy burden for woman.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.5-29
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• 2015

Career development of Korean Immigrant Adolescents is important element for their Korea social adjustment and reduction of social exclusion. Especially, vocational identity is considered significantly for their career development. This study investigated the relationships and levels of discrimination, depression, self-esteem on vocational identity by comparing Korean immigrant adolescents and non-Immigrant adolescents(Korean parents family: non poor family or poor family). The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the depression level of immigrant adolescents is higher than non poor family adolescents and their self-esteem level is lower than non poor family adolescents by means analysis. second, The path analysis and multi group analysis showed that the degree of discrimination by perceived immigrant adolescents had direct influence on vocational identity and also mediated depression, self-esteem as indirect influence. But non poor family adolescents and poor family adolescents showed that their degree of discrimination had only indirect influence on vocational identity as mediation of depression, self-esteem. The result of analysis were used to discuss theoretical, practical implication for career development of Korea immigrant adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.41-53
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• 2013

Objectives: As the size of elderly population living alone grows, socioeconomic diversity has also increased. This study examined if social risk factors of poor self-rated health were distinguishable between the low income elderly and their non-low income counterparts both living alone. Methods: The '2006 Elderly Health Interview Survey' conducted by D-gu in Seoul was utilized. We divided the elderly living alone into two groups depending on their economic status: low income and non-low income. Employing logistic regression, we analyzed the associations of poor self-rated health with socio-demographic factors, health-related factors, social support, the relations with children, social activities, welfare service use, and the perception of neighborhood safety. Results: Proportion of rating one's own health being poor was different between two populations. Social support was important for the self-rated health of the non-low income elderly, while welfare service use, the perception of neighborhood safety, and the relations with children were noticeable for the low income elderly. Conclusions: To better understand the health need of elderly population living alone, their heterogeneity in socioeconomic characteristics should be taken into account.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2021

This study investigates the difference in income trajectories of the working poor and the non-working poor and explains the effects of socio-demographic (marriage, education) and regional (living in large cities) factors on intergroup differences. We use Seoul Survey data collected between 2009-2018 and the latent growth modeling approach. It was found that the trajectory difference between groups was statistically significant. Since 2016, the income gap widened as the income of the working poor stagnated. The three variables included in this model better explained the income trajectory of the working poor compared to the working non-poor. In particular, the change in income growth rate was positively related to whether they live in large cities. This suggests the possibility that living in a large city would act as an economic premium for the working poor. It is necessary to conduct follow-up studies on urban premiums for the working poor.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.61-87
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• 2013

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the quality of life of poor women. This study utilized data combined KLIPS with Time Use Survey for an analysis and analyzed time at the intersection of the class and gender. With discretionary time as center, this study investigated poverty status from the quality of life. And in order to make comparison more clearly, object was classified into 4 groups; non-poor male, poor male, non-poor female and poor female. Study results are as follows; First of all, poor women had the shortest discretionary time among all the groups and also had highest poverty rate of living quality. And this study found that deprivation of non-poor female headed householder is serious. Second, analysis of inequality level between and within groups through Theil index indicated that gender influence in poor strata was 3 times higher than that of non-poor strata. This study found that poor women experienced mixed exclusion at the point where gender and class crossed. And this study also has a meaning that an empirical analysis was conducted through above matters on secondary poverty and hidden poverty of poor women which existing researches were unable to discover.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.48
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• pp.82-112
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• 2002

This study investigates the causes of poverty in Korea since the 1997 Economic Crisis by analyzing the composition and characteristics of the poor by the types of families. While the poor largely consisted of disadvantaged groups, such as the aged, the disabled, or the female-headed families before the Crisis, families headed by working-aged and non-disabled adults have represented a larger portion of the entire poor since the Crisis. The higher overall poverty rate in 1998 mainly resulted from the rapid increase in the number of the unemployed and the high poverty rate of their families. In 1999, the larger number of the unemployed poor exited from poverty by getting a job in the labor market, contributing to the reduction in the overall poverty rate. The significant number of families headed by working adults were poor in 1998, and the size of these working poor was not reduced in 1999. The poverty among this group has been caused by lowered wage rates and deteriorating job security. The findings from this study suggest that anti-poverty policies in Korea be improved to provide better income and employment assistance to the non-working poor and, more importantly, be extended to effectively reduce poverty among the working low-income families.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.57-79
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• 2009

This study analyzes the effect of poverty on child development outcomes including academic achievement, self-esteem, depression/anxiety, attention problems, aggression, and delinquency. The poverty experiences among elementary school children are longitudinally observed during 3 years between the 4th grade and the 6th grade. When development outcomes are compared among persistently poor children, transitory poor children, and non-poor children, academic achievement is found to be significantly different. The analyses of the relationships between the poverty status and developmental trajectories show that academic achievement among non-poor children has improved over time, while the level of poor children's achievement has decreased. The result also shows that problematic behaviors such as attention problems, aggression, delinquency has improved over time among all the children. Yet, the gap between poor and non-poor children has not decreased. The multivariate analyses indicate that the effect of poverty remains statistically significant only for academic achievement after children's individual and familial characteristics are controlled. Past experiences of poverty in addition to the current poverty affect academic achievement and persistent poverty has a stronger effect than transitory poverty on academic achievement, although the findings are not consistent across all the estimated models.