• Title/Summary/Keyword: Non-point source pollution

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Evaluation of Runoff Loads and Computing of Contribute ratio by First Flush Stormwater from Cheongyang-Hongseong Road (청양-홍성간 도로에서의 초기강우에 의한 유출부하량 평가 및 기여율 산정)

  • Lee, Chun-Won;Kang, Seon-Hong;Choi, I-Song;An, Tae-Ung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.407-417
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    • 2011
  • Nowadays, the high land use, mainly used for urbanization, is affecting runoff loads of non-point pollutants to increase. According to this fact, increasing runoff loads seems like to appear that it contributes to high ratio of pollution loads in the whole the pollution loads and that this non-point source is the main cause of water becoming worse quality. Especially, concentrated pollutants on the impermeable roads run off to the public water bodies. Also the coefficient of runoff from roads is high with a fast velocity of runoff, which ends up with consequence that a lot of pollutants runoff happens when it is raining. Therefore it is very important project to evaluate the quantity of pollutant loads. In this study, I computed the pollutant loadings depending on time and rainfall to analyze characteristics of runoff while first flush storm water and evaluated the runoff time while first flush storm water and rainfall based on the change in curves on the graph. I also computed contribution ratio to identify its impact on water quality of stream. I realized that the management and treatment of first flush storm water effluents is very important for the management of road's non-point source pollutants because runoff loads of non-point source pollution are over the 80% of whole loads of stream. Also according to the evaluation of runoff loads of first flush storm water for SS, run off time was shown under the 30 minute and rainfall was shown under the 5mm which is less than 20% of whole rainfall. These are under 5mm which is regarded amount of first flush storm water by the Ministry of Environment and it is judged to be because run off by rainfall is very fast on impermeable roads. Also, run off time and rainfall of BOD is higher than SS. Therefore I realized that the management of non-point source should be managed and done differently depending on each material. Finally, the contribution ratio of pollutants loads by rainfall-runoff was shown SS 12.7%, BOD 12.7%, COD 15.9%, T-N 4.9%, T-P 8.9%, however, the pollutants loads flowing into the steam was shown 4.4%. This represents that the concentration of non-point pollutants is relatively higher and we should find the methodical management and should be concerned about non-point source for improvement on water quality of streams.

Assessment of Non-Point Source Pollutant Loads and Priority Management Areas using an HSPF Model in Sejong City, South Korea

  • Lim, Dohun;Lee, Yoonjin
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.26 no.8
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    • pp.881-891
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    • 2017
  • In this study, the discharge loads of non-point pollution sources were analyzed using a Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) model for 46 sub-watersheds in order to guide the management plan for water and streams passing through the city. The results using HSPF showed good applicability in comparison to point measurements, which were based on BOD, TP, and TN. The mean value of the BOD loads was $4.08kg/km^2$ per day, and the highest level of BOD was $17.75kg/km^2$ per day at Namri. Three potential areas of high priority for the installment of constructed wetlands were selected in order to reduce non-point pollution sources based on BOD loads and on environmental and economic conditions. The results for these scenarios indicated a maximum rate of reduction in BOD of 39.12% within the proposed constructed wetlands.

Development of Interface for the Agricultural Non-point Source Model Geo-Spatial Information System (지형공간 정보체계를 이용한 농업비점오염원모델의 인터페이스 개발)

  • 양인태;최연재;김동문;권혁원
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.393-401
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    • 1999
  • Non-point source pollution poses a serious threat to river. therefore non-point pollution model was developed. This non-point pollution model requires detailed spatial data for accurate predictions Geo-spatial Information System(GSIS) is well suited to those needs. The parameters for these models provided by the GSIS were slope, slope shape, field slope length and SCS run off curve number. Hence, this study presents an application of GSIS processing tools for AGNPS model developed by the ARS(Agricultural Research Service) in cooperation with the MPCA(Minnesota Pollution Control Agency) and has developed interface that construct the input data of ASCII type in the AGNPS model using GSIS.

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Analysis of Runoff Characteristics of Non-point Sources Pollutant and Application of BMP Using BASINS/WinHSPF Model (BASINS/WinHSPF 모형을 이용한 비점오염물질 유출특성 분석과 최적관리기법 적용)

  • Kim, Min Joo;Kim, Tae Geun
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.88-100
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    • 2014
  • This study analyzed runoff characteristics of non-point sources pollutant and evaluated removal of pollution by BMP(Best Management Practice) using BASINS/WinHSPF model. Hourly meterological data including input data was provided from 2010 to 2011 year to run HSPF model in Miho stream watershed. As the results of calibration and validation of the model, the model could be successfully performed to simulate the flow and water quality parameters. The apprehensive area of non-point source pollution was chosen by non-point source pollution per area of a tributary to the Miho stream and applied constructed wetland in area chosen. Three scenarios were based on installation area of an constructed wetland and HSPF model would be applied to estimate the pollutant removals through the constructed wetland. The removal rates of pollutants through the constructed wetland were estimated with the runoff and water quality parameters by the comparisons of before and after the constructed wetland application.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Low Impact Development Practices in an Urban Area: Non-point Pollutant Removal Measures using EPA-SWMM (EPA-SWMM을 이용한 LID 기법의 비점오염 저감효과 분석)

  • Cho, SeonJu;Kang, MinJi;Kwon, Hyeok;Lee, JaeWoon;Kim, Sangdan
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.466-475
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    • 2013
  • Non-point source pollution management is one of the most important issues in Korean water quality/watershed management. In recent years, Low Impact Development (LID) has emerged as an effective approach to control stormwater in an urban area. This study illustrates how to design and evaluate the effect of non-point pollutant management using EPA-SWMM LID module and suggests design parameters for modeling LID facilities. In addition, optimal installation locations of LID can be determined by a simple distributed hydrologic model by using SWMM for a long-term.

The control of point and non-point source nitrogen to prevent eutrophication of the Nakdong River basin, Korea

  • Kwak, Sunggue;Yun, Zuwhan
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • v.11 no.5
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    • pp.345-351
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    • 2020
  • Eutrophication of surface waters is commonly caused by excessive inputs of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Nakdong River basin was chosen as the study area to investigate the effect of point and non-point source pollution of nitrogen on eutrophication in water body. Non-point source inputs of nitrogen accounted for approximately 84% in the total nitrogen input of the upper Nakdong river watershed, which mainly consists of agricultural land and forests. However, point source inputs of nitrogen accounted for 58~85% in the total nitrogen input of the middle and lower watersheds, including urban area. Therefore, for watershed near urban area, control of point source inputs of nitrogen may be an optimal method to control eutrophication. In this respect, the enforcing reduction of nitrogen in the final effluent of wastewater treatment facilities is needed. On the other hand, to enact more stringent nitrogen regulations, the LOT (limit of technology) and environmental impact should be considered. In this study nitrogen data were analyzed to propose new nitrogen regulations.

Application of SWMM for Management of the Non-point Source in Urban Area -Case Study on the Pohang City- (도시지역 비점오염원 관리를 위한 SWMM의 적용 -포항시를 대상으로-)

  • Lee, Jae-Yong;Jang, Seong-Ho;Park, Jin-Sik
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.247-254
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    • 2008
  • Non-point source pollution that originates from surface applied chemicals in either liquid or solid form is a part of urban activities and it appears in the surface runoff caused by rainfall. This study investigates the characteristics of non point source pollution in relation to storm events and the first washing effect in the Study area, which is comprised of different land use types. Then, a Best Management Practices (BMP) model, for urban areas, is applied with the Storm water Management Model (SWMM) Windows Interface which was developed by the EPA in the USA. During the storm event analysis of the hydrographic and pollutographic data showed that the peak of pollutants concentration was within the peak flow, 30 to 60 minute into the storm event in the Study area. The results of simulation using SWMM Windows Interface, Structure Techniques as applied in the study were highly efficient for removal of pollutants. Predicted removal efficiency was 26.0% for SS, 22.1 for BOD, 24.1% for COD, 20.6% for T-N, and 21.6% for T-P, respectively.

A Study on Evaluation of Target Region for the Agricultural Non-point Sources Management (새만금 유역 농업비점오염원 관리를 위한 우선지구 선정연구)

  • Jang, Nam-Jung;Kim, Bo-Guk;Im, Seoung-Hyun;Kim, Tae-Kyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.23-31
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    • 2012
  • Measures against non-point sources pollution in Saemangeum watershed should be established to control water quality of Saemangeum lake, because non-point sources pollution discharge portions of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) and TP (Total Phosphorous) in the watershed were 68.4 and 61.4%, respectively. In this study, target regions for the non-point sources pollution control were selected to apply BMP (Best Management Practices) for the agricultural area of Saemanguem watershed in terms of TP that caused eutrophication at the lake. Target regions were selected by the NPSI (Non-point source index) that was calculated by the total 12 indexes at the steps of non-point source production, emission and outflow. Weights of the indexes were determined by the watershed management experts oriented AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) analysis. The target region was selected at the unit of Korean basic administrative district 'Dong/Li'. At the results of NPSI calculations through the GIS (Geographical Information System) tools, two sets of 5 regions were selected in the Man-kyung River and Dong-gin River. The main reason for the selected target regions was livestock activity in the district. The results of this study can be useful for implementing the reduction projects of agricultural non-point sources pollution to control water quality in Saemangeum lake.

Selecting Target Sites for Non-point Source Pollution Management Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (계층분석적 의사결정기법을 이용한 비점원오염 관리지역의 선정)

  • Shin, Jung-Bum;Park, Seung-Woo;Kim, Hak-Kwan;Choi, Ra-Young
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.49 no.3
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    • pp.79-88
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    • 2007
  • This paper suggests a hierarchial method to select the target sites for the nonpoint source pollution management considering factors which reflect the interrelationships of significant outflow characteristics of nonpoint source pollution at given sites. The factors consist of land slope, delivery distance to the outlet, effective rainfall, impervious area ratio and soil loss. The weight of each factor was calculated by an analytic hierarchy process(AHP) algorithm and the resulting influencing index was defined from the sum of the product of each factor and its computed weight value. The higher index reflect the proposed target sites for nonpoint source pollution management. The proposed method was applied to the Baran HP#6 watershed, located southwest from Suwon city. The Agricultural Nonpoint Pollution Source(AGNPS) model was also applied to identify sites contributing significantly to the nonpoint source pollution loads from the watershed. The spatial correlation between the two results for sites was analyzed using Moran's I values. The I values were $0.38{\sim}0.45$ for total nitrogen(T-N), and $0.15{\sim}0.22$ for total phosphorus(T-P), respectively. The results showed that two independent estimates for sites within the test water-shed were highly correlated, and that the proposed hierarchial method may be applied to select the target sites for nonpoint source pollution management.

Non-point Source Pollution Modeling Using AnnAGNPS Model for a Bushland Catchment (AnnAGNPS 모형을 이용한 관목림지의 비점오염 모의)

  • Choi Kyung-Sook
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.65-74
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    • 2005
  • AnnAGNPS model was applied to a catchment mainly occupied with bushland for modeling non-point source pollution. Since the single event model cannot handle events longer than 24 hours duration, the event-based calibration was carried out using the continuous mode. As event flows affect sediment and nutrient generation and transport, the calibration of the model was performed in three steps: Hydrologic, Sediment and Nutrient calibrations. The results from hydrologic calibration for the catchment indicate a good prediction of the model with average ARE(Absolute Relative Error) of $24.6\%$ fur the runoff volume and $12\%$ for the peak flow. For the sediment calibration, the average ARE was $198.8\%$ indicating acceptable model performance for the sediment prediction. The predicted TN(Total Nitrogen) and TP(Total Phosphorus) were also found to be acceptable as the average ARE for TN and TP were $175.5\%\;and\;126.5\%$, respectively. The AnnAGNPS model was therefore approved to be appropriate to model non-point source pollution in bushland catchments. In general, the model was likely to result in underestimation for the larger events and overestimation fur the smaller events for the water quality predictions. It was also observed that the large errors in the hydrologic prediction also produced high errors in sediment and nutrient prediction. This was probably due to error propagation in which the error in the hydrologic prediction influenced the generation of error in the water quality prediction. Accurate hydrologic calibration should be hence obtained for a reliable water quality prediction.