• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.3159-3168
• /
• 2014

비점오염원 관리를 위한 독립호우의 결정은 월류수 처리시설의 설계에서 필수적이다. 비점오염원의 관리를 위해서는 총량을 결정해야만 하는데 이를 위해서는 결정된 독립호우에 의해 1회 평균강우량, 평균강우강도, 평균지속시간 등의 강우특성의 분석이 실시되어야만 한다. 독립호우의 결정은 무강우 지속시간의 산정(Interevent Time Definition, IETD)에 따라 분리할 수 있으며 이를 결정하기 위한 기존의 분석방법에는 자기상관 분석, 변동계수 분석, 연강우 평균발생횟수 분석 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 IETD 분석방법에 따라 무강우시간을 산정한 후 방법별 문제점을 고찰하고 새로운 IETD 결정방법으로 지수함수 검정방법을 제안하였다. 또한, 검정방법을 통하여 결과값의 적절성을 검토하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제14권12호
• /
• pp.1185-1194
• /
• 2005

The runoff characteristics of non-point source pollutions in the municipal area of Jeonju were investigated and analyzed by using the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model). The flow rates and water qualities of runoff from two types of drainage conduits were measured respectively. One was a conventional combined sewer system and the other was a separated sewer system constructed recently From August to November in 2004, investigations on two rainfall events were performed and flow rate, pH, BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P were measured. These data were also used for model calibration. On the basis of the measured data and the simulation results by SWMM, it is reported that $80-90\%$ of pollution load is discharged in the early-stage storm runoff. Therefore, initial 10-30 mm of rainfall should be controlled effectively for the optimal treatment of non-point source pollution in urban area. Also, it was shown that the SWMM model was suitable for the management of non-point source pollution in the urban area and for the analysis of runoff characteristics of pollutant loads.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.459-473
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 강우시 불투수성 지역에서 비점오염원 유출 특성을 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 불투수성 지역의 강우사상 특성은 강우강도에 대한 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 강우강도가 크게 작용하면, 초기강우 현상이 잘 일어나는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 선행무강우일수에 의해서 비점오염물질의 농도차가 큰 것으로 나타나, 이에 대한 대책 마련이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 불투수성 지역의 비점오염원 유출 경향을 보면, 강우초기 유출 유량에 포함되어 유출되는 오염물질의 농도가 상대적으로 매우 높게 나타났고, 일정 시간 경과 후에는 지속되는 강우에도 불구하고 오염물질의 농도는 증가하지 않고 낮은 농도로 안정적인 유출경향을 나타내었다. 이러한 이유는 건기 시 도로 표면에 집적되어 있던 오염물질들이 강우시 초기에 유출되어 비점오염물질의 농도가 높게 나타나는 것으로 나타났다. 불투수성 지역에서 발생하는 비점 오염물질 항목별 단위면적당 오염부하량은 매우 높은 값을 나타내고 있는데, 이는 불투수성 지역의 특성상 아스팔트로 되어 있는 도로 및 주차장, 교량 등이 있는 불투수면이 대부분의 토양상부를 덮고 있기 때문에 강우시 불투수성 지역 내 모니터링 지점에서 강우가 집중되어 유출되기 때문에 비점오염물질의 유출이 증가하기 때문에 오염부하량이 증가한 것으로 판단된다. 강우시 초기세척 효과는 TSS의 경우, Event 1, Event 2에서 초기세척효과가 매우 잘 관찰되었으며, TSS> $COD_{Mn}$ >T-P 순으로 뚜렷하게 나타나는 것으로 조사되었다. TSS와 $COD_{Mn}$가 가장 민감하게 강우에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구 결과를 통해 분석된 결과를 토대로 비점오염원 유출특성에 대한 다양한 데이터베이스를 구축하여 향후 비점오염원을 효율적으로 관리하는데 자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 비점오염원을 체계적으로 관리하여 수계환경의 오염부하를 줄일 수 있는 방안을 강구해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.102-108
• /
• 2014

비점오염저감시설에 대한 연구는 활발히 진행되고 있으나, 도로에 자연형 비점오염저감시설 설치시 비점오염저감효율에 대한 연구는 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 도로에 설치된 여러 종류의 인공습지에 대한 비점오염 저감효율을 모니터링과 유량가중평균농도법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 인공습지는 일반적인 오염물질인 TSS, COD, BOD, TN, TP에 대한 저감효율은 비교적 우수한 것으로 나타났으며 중금속인 Cr, Zn, Pb의 제거효율은 낮거나 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.96-105
• /
• 2002

As an useful water purification system for non-point source pollution in rural watersheds, interests in constructed wetlands are growing at home and abroad. It is well known that constructed wetlands are easily installed, no special managemental needs, and more flexible at fluctuating influent loads. They have a capacity for purification against nutrient materials such as phosphorus and nitrogen causing eutrophication of lentic water bodies. The Constructed Wetland Design Model (CWDM), developed through this study is consisted mainly of Database System, Runoff-discharge Prediction Submodel, Water Quality Prediction Submodel, and Area Assessment Submodel. The Database System includes data of watershed, discharge, water quality, pollution source, and design factors for the constructed wetland. It supplies data when predicting water quality and calculating the required areas of constructed wetlands. For the assessment of design flow, the GWLF (Generalized Watershed Loading Function) is used, and for water quality prediction in streams estimating influent pollutant load, Water Quality Prediction Submodel, that is a submodel of DSS-WQMRA model developed by previous works is amended. The calculation of the required areas of constructed wetlands is achieved using effluent target concentrations and area calculation equations that developed from the monitoring results in the United States. The CWDM is applied to Bokha watershed to appraise its application by assessing design flow and predicting water quality. Its application is performed through two calculations: one is to achieve each target effluent concentrations of BOD, SS, T-N and T-P, the other is to achieve overall target effluent concentrations. To prove the validity of the model, a comparison of unit removal rates between the calculated one from this study and the monitoring result from existing wetlands in Korea, Japan and United States was made. As a result, the CWDM could be very useful design tool for the constructed wetland in rural watersheds and for the non-point source pollution management.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2019

Recently, it was realized that a significant portion of pollution from urban areas originates from non-point sources such as construction sites, washoff from impervious surfaces, and sewage input from unsewered areas and combined sewer overflows. Especially, Urban stormwater runoff is one of the most extensive cause of the deterioration of the water quality in streams located in urban area. The objective of this study was to investigate runoff characteristics of non-point pollutants source at the urban area in the Suyeong River. Water quality variations were investigated at two points of Suyeong River during a period of 10 rainfall events. Concentration difference of non-point pollution source appeared big by precedent number of days of no rainfall. In addition, Event mean Concentration (EMCs) that well represents runoff characteristics of storm water during rainfall, was calculated, and runoff pollutants loading was also examined. The probability distribution of EMCs of BOD, COD, TOC, T-N, T-P, and TSS were analyzed and the mean values of observed EMC and the median values of estimated EMCs compared through probability distribution. Other objectives of this study were the characterization of discharge from non-point source, the analysis of the pollutant loads and an establishment of a management plan for non-point source of Suyeong River. Also, It was established that the most important thing for the administration of non-point pollution source is to come up with the solution for the reduction of effluent at the beginning.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.857-866
• /
• 2011

This research categorized EIA target highways into following three types in order to minimize non-point source pollution from highway runoff. 1. Big drainage basin. 2. Small drainage basin. 3. Bridge section. The Natural, Filter and Swirl-Type devices were evaluated in terms of removal efficiency of TSS, BOD, COD, T-N, T-P, compatibility of site selection, economic feasibility, and maintenance convenience through which the final BMP was selected. According to the removal efficiency result, the area of Big and Small Drainage basin and bridge section had higher removal efficiency with natural facility than that of the Filter or Swirl-Type device. To make appropriate selection of highways'BMP for non-point source pollution, this study will aim to contribute to building more environmentally friendly highways by proposing the selection process that is made of 5 stages. 1. Selecting the target drainage basin. 2. Selecting the land for the mitigation facility. 3. Analysing the ease of maintenance. 4. Technically evaluating each installation. 5. Evaluating the effective implementation methods.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.194-200
• /
• 2006

Recently, the population growth, industrial and agricultural development are rapidly undergoing in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) in Texas. The Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) composed of the 4 counties and three of them are interesting for Non-point and point source pollutant modeling: Starr, Cameron, and Hidalgo. Especially, the LRGV is an intensively irrigation region, and Texas A&M University Agriculture Program and the New Mexico State University College of Agriculture applied irrigation district program, projects in GIS and Hydrology based agricultural water management systems and assessment of prioritized protecting stream network, water quality and rehabilitation based on water saving potential in Rio Grande River. In the LRGV region, where point and non-point sources of pollution may be a big concern, because increasing fertilizers and pesticides use and population cause. This project objective seeks to determine the accumulation of non-point and point source and discuss the main impacts of agriculture and environmental concern with water quality related to pesticides, fertilizer, and nutrients within LRGV region. The GIS technique is widely used and developed for the assessment of non-point source pollution in LRGV region. This project shows the losses in $kg/km^2/yr$ of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), TN (total Nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) in the runoff from the surface of LRGV. Especially, farmers in Cameron County consume a lot of fertilizer and pesticide to improve crop yield net profit. Then, this region can be created as larger nonpoint source area for nutrients and the intensity of runoff by excess irrigation water. And many sediment and used irrigation water with including high nutrients can be discharged into Rio Grade River.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
• /
• pp.96-99
• /
• 2003

Land cover map is a typical GIS database which shows the Earth's physical surface differentiated by standardized homogeneous land cover types. Satellite images acquired by Landsat TM were primarily used to produce a land cover map of 7 land cover classes; however, it now becomes to produce a more accurate land cover classification dataset of 23 classes thanks to higher resolution satellite images, such as SPOT-5 and IKONOS. The use of the newly produced high resolution land cover map of 23 classes for such activities to estimate non-point sources of pollution like water pollution modeling and atmospheric dispersion modeling is expected to result a higher level of accuracy and validity in various environmental monitoring results. The estimation of pollution from non-point sources using GIS-based modeling with land cover dataset shows fairly accurate and consistent results.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제29권12호
• /
• pp.1249-1260
• /
• 2020

Non-point source pollutants have characteristics the render them difficult to manage owing to the uncertainty of flow paths. As agricultural non-point sources account for more than 57% of non-point source pollutants, the necessity for management is increasing. This study examines the possibility of utilizing land cover maps to suggest a more appropriate method of setting management priority for agricultural non-point sources in the Daecheong Lake area and draws implications by comparing the results derived using the cadastral map, as mentioned in the TMDL Basic Policy. To define the prioritized areas for management, the pollution load was calculated for each subbasin using the formula from the TMDL technical guidelines. As a result, the difference in the average pollution load between the land cover map and cadastral map ranged from 11.6% to 21% among the subbasins. In almost all subbasins, there were differences in the ranking of management priorities depending on the land information that was used. In addition, it was found that it was reasonable to use the level 3 land cover map to calculate the load generated by the land system for examining the implementation goals and methods of each data and comparing them with satellite images.