• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 2015

Background : The purpose of this study is to identify how the relaxation music listening during exercise influences body flexibility and stress. Methods : Twenty healthy adults 20s and 30s who lack of body flexibility were recruited and each subjects performed exercise during the relaxation music listening or no listening. Bach, aria of linear G was used as the relaxation music. The experiment was conducted for 4 weeks. In this study, PASW ver 18.0 was utilized to perform non-parametric tests for comparisons. Result : The result with respect to the dependent variables are as follows: When non-parametric tests were conducted to compare body flexibility at the test of the right ear touch behind head by left hand and the stretching hands test between the two groups after exercise, they showed significant differences in statistical terms (p<.05). Conclusion : From the above results of the study it was found that the application of the relaxation music during the exercise is effective, it improved the body flexibility of the right ear touch behind head by left hand and the stretching hands more than the exercise without the relaxation music did. The outcome of the experiment may provide basic data for developing an effective way to increase body flexibility.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is estimate response quality of three major portal in Korea based on the response time. In addition to response time, the response time by 1Kbyte will be analysed. Methods: Data was collected from July 2010 to November 2013 using Firebug. For comparing averages, ANOVA will be used. For comparing distributions, Chisquare test and Kolmogov-Smirnov test will be used for parametric and non parametric test respectively. Results: For response quality based on response time, Daum gets the first place, Naver the second place, and Nate the third place. But the order of the response time per 1Kbyte is different. The order is Naver, Daum and Nate. Conclusion: The response quality may be estimated using various factors. Response time is the most important factor. Daum provides the shortest response time. We could say Daum provides the best response quality. But Naver provides the shortest response time per 1Kbyte. From these results, we know reducing packets is very important thing in response time.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.567-578
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• 2017

Grouped multivariate data can be tested for differences between two or more groups using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). However, this method cannot be used if several assumptions of MANOVA are violated. In this case, multidimensional scaling (MDS) and analysis of distance (AOD) can be applied to grouped dissimilarities based on the various distances. A permutation test is a non-parametric method that can also be used to test differences between groups. MDS is used to calculate the coordinates of observations from dissimilarities and AOD is useful for finding group structure using the coordinates. In particular, AOD is mathematically associated with MANOVA if using the Euclidean distance when computing dissimilarities. In this paper, we study the between and within group structure by applying MDS and AOD to the grouped dissimilarities. In addition, we propose a new test statistic using the group structure for the permutation test. Finally, we investigate the relationship between AOD and MANOVA from dissimilarities based on the Euclidean distance.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the effects of a community-based fall prevention exercise program for older adults on lower extremity muscle strength, balance ability, and fall efficacy. Methods: This study recruited 30 participants, and the program was conducted for 10 weeks. The program included sessions on strength and balance exercises, conducted for 50 minutes a day and at least three times a week. The collected data were analyzed using non-parametric (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, generalized estimated equation) and parametric statistics (paired t-test, rmANOVA). Results: After 12 weeks of exercise program, lower extremity muscle strength and static-dynamic balance ability significantly increased. The fall efficacy increased from an average score of 2.48 points before the test to an average score of 2.91 points after the test. Regarding general characteristics, there were no significant differences in effect before and after the program, except for fall efficacy. Conclusion: The above results showed that the intervention of a community-based fall prevention exercise program for older adults was effective. Therefore, it is suggested that this exercise program be organized regularly within the center to provide periodic and long-term services.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 2010

An All-red clearance interval(AR) has been operating with amber signal in order to avoid collision between vehicles which cannot come out of the intersections, vehicles coming in from the opposite direction, and pedestrians(bicycles) on the crosswalk during the signal conversion time at the intersections. Foreign nations have been analyzing AR's influences of traffic accidents. On the other hand, the similar research has not been conducted in the country. The objective of this paper, therefore, is to analyze the safety at the intersections with respect to the installation of AR through the hypothesis test. A before-and-after analysis has been performed for 10 intersections where applied AR. From the 95% of significance level, the results of Non-parametric Test show that the installation of AR improves a safety at the intersections. The results indicates that AR discharges vehicles passing through the intersections and control entering vehicles at the intersections.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.56-67
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• 2006

Trends of variation in groundwater levels, electrical conductivities and water temperatures obtained from the national groundwater monitoring stations (95 shallow and 169 deep wells) of Korea were evaluated. For the analysis, both parametric (linear regression) and non-parametric (Mann-Kendall test, Sen's test) methods were adopted. Results of linear regression analysis indicated that about 50% of the monitoring wells showed increasing trends of groundwater levels, electrical conductivities, and water temperatures and the others showed decreasing trends. However, the non-parametric analyses with monthly median values revealed that $14.8{\sim}20.0%$ of water levels were decreased, $24.2{\sim}36.9%$ of electrical conductivities were increased, and $27.4{\sim}32.5%$ of water temperatures were increased at a confidence level of 99%. Highly proportions of increasing or decreasing trends were unexpected and they resulted from the relatively short term of data collection (maximum 6 years). Meanwhile, the investigation of groundwater around the national groundwater monitoring stations showed that the decreasing or increasing trends of water levels, electrical conductivities, themselves, didn't indicate directly groundwater hazards such as groundwater depletion or groundwater contamination. Both the values and variation rates (slopes) of water level, electrical conductivity and temperature in the longer period are considered simultaneously. This study is the first comprehensive work in analyzing trends of groundwater data obtained from the national groundwater monitoring stations. Based on this study, the periodical and regular analysis of groundwater data is essentially required to grasp the overall variational trend of groundwater resources in the country.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2010

Reference interval is critical for interpreting laboratory results, monitoring response to therapy and predicting the prognosis of the patients in clinical settings. The aim of the present study was to update established reference intervals for routine hematologic and serum chemistry values for a population of clinically healthy dogs (range, 1-8 years) seen in an animal hospital. Blood was obtained by venipuncture while animals were physically restrained, and samples were analyzed for 9 chemistries on MS9-5H (Melot Schloesing Lab, France) and 6 hematology on Vet Test 8008 (IDEXX, USA). Data from 105 dogs (52 males and 53 females) for hematology and 113 dogs (37 males and 76 females) for chemistry were used to determine reference intervals using the parametric, nonparametric and bootstrap methods. Prior to analysis, all parameters were tested for normal distribution using Anderson-Darling criterion. Of the 9 biochemical analytes, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, total protein, and glucose concentrations did not fit normal distribution for both original and transformed data. All but eosinophil count satisfied normal distribution for either original or transformed data. Parametric method can be used for original cholesterol concentrations, RBC, WBC, and neutrophil counts. This technique can also be used for power-transformed values of blood urea nitrogen concentrations and for logarithm of lymphocyte and monocyte counts. Non-parametric or bootstrap method was the preferred choice for the remaining 7 biochemical parameters and eosinophil count as they did not follow normal distributions. All three statistical techniques performed in similar reference intervals. When establishing reference intervals for clinical laboratory data, it is essential to assess the distribution of the original data to increase the accuracy of the interval, and non-parametric or bootstrap methods are of alternative for the data that do not fit normal distribution.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.424-424
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• 2017

Several studies of the world have analyzed the regional rainfall trends in large data sets. However, it reported that the long-term behavior of rainfall was different on spatial and temporal scales. The objective of this study is to determine the local trends of rainfall indices in the Yom River Basin, Thailand. The rainfall indices consist of the annual total precipitation (PRCTPOP), number of heavy rainfall days ($R_{10}$), number of very heavy rainfall days ($R_{20}$), consecutive of dry days (CDD), consecutive of wet days (CWD), daily maximum rainfall ($R_{x1}$), five-days maximum rainfall ($R_{x5}$), and total of annual rainy day ($R_{annual}$). The rainfall data from twelve hydrological stations during the period 1965-2015 were used to analysis rainfall trend. The Mann-Kendall test, which is non-parametric test was adopted to detect trend at 95 percent confident level. The results of these data were found that there is only one station an increasing significantly trend in PRCTPOP index. CWD, which the index is expresses longest annual wet days, was exhibited significant negative trend in three locations. Meanwhile, the significant positive trend of CDD that represents longest annual dry spell was exhibited four locations. Three out of thirteen stations had significant decreasing trend in $R_{annual}$ index. In contrast, there is a station statistically significant increasing trend. The analysis of $R_{x1}$ was showed a station significant decreasing trend at located in the middle of basin, while the $R_{x5}$ of the most locations an insignificant decreasing trend. The heavy rainfall index indicated significant decreasing trend in two rainfall stations, whereas was not notice the increase or decrease trends in very heavy rainfall index. The results of this study suggest that the trend signal in the Yom River Basin in the half twentieth century showed the decreasing tendency in both of intensity and frequency of rainfall.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.679-691
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• 2001

Two truncated sequential tests are developed for the two-sample scale problem based on the usual Wilcoxon rank-sum statistic for two different dispersion indices - absolute median deviations, when the medians of the two populations X and Y are equal or known and sums of squared mean deviations, when the medians are either unknown or unequal. The first test is briefly called SWAMD test and the second SWSMD test. For the SWAMD test, the percentile points for both the one-sided and two-sided alternatives, (equation omitted) have been found by Wiener approximation and their values computed for a range of values of a and N; analytical expression for the power function has been derived through Wiener process and its performance studied for various sequential designs for exponential distribution. This test has been illustrated by a numerical example. All the results of the SWAMD test, being directly applicable to the SWSMD test, are not dealt with separately Both the tests are compared and their suitable applications indicated.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.111-116
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• 2002

The flexural ductility capacity of reinforced concrete columns can be expressed either in terms of curvature ductility or displacement ductility. To evaluate ductility capacity of reinforced concrete columns, analytical models and a non-linear analysis program, NARCC have been developed, which is applicable to the RC columns subjected to seismic loading. The analytical results by using computer program NARCC are in good agreement with the test results. In order to develop relationships between the curvature ductility and the displacement ductility, the analysis for total 21,600 RC circular columns using the computer program NARCC have been carried out for parametric studies. Based on the results from the parametric studies, a correlation equation between the curvature ductility and the displacement ductility was developed.