• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.478-481
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• 2021

With the transition to non-face-to-face classes due to the outbreak of COVID-19, education at school sites is moving in a different direction from traditional lecture-style classes. Accordingly, several online platforms have emerged, and our education is in a transitional period of class change. As a result, after a survey of the currently used online platform, where various contrasts clearly exist, compared with the report before the outbreak of COVID-19, students' perception of ICT usage ability in terms of affective, psychic, and value perception changes want to check

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the current status of non-face-to-face education at universities for paramedicine and measure students' education satisfaction after the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted for paramedic students at the Chungcheong and Honam areas using Google Forms. Convenience sampling was used. A structured questionnaire was created and modified according to Park and Choi's test tool developed to review online lectures and practical courses. Results: A total of 202 students responded to the survey. The satisfaction level of online lectures was 3.06±1.12 (n=202) out of 5. Students experiencing online lectures responded that it was difficult to focus on the class, and the overall quality and lecture delivery should be improved. They also experienced technical difficulties. The satisfaction level of practical course lectures was 3.24±1.04 (n=133) out of 5. It was higher than those of other types of classes because it was conducted by the more familiar face-to-face lecture. Conclusion: This study has shown that the universities and instructors have examined a variety of methods in paramedic education after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, further research and consideration are required to improve paramedic education during the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2009

This study was undertaken to analyze the hygienic problems of group food services and to predict the outbreak patterns of future food-borne diseases. A delphi survey with 20 experts identified the main causes of food-borne outbreaks in group food services as improper hygienic management of raw food materials, washing of worker's hands, dividing the spaces and unsanitary retail storage. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli (EPEC), non-typhoid Salmonella serotypes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (ETEC), norovirus, and the hepatitis A virus all have potential to cause outbreaks of food-borne disease. We analyzed the daily food use and the possibility of food-borne outbreaks in school food services for fruits, milk, fish, pork, eggs, and meat as raw food materials, and bibimbab, soybean sprouts muchim, spinach namul, cucumber sengchae, jabchae, and pork bulgogi as prepared food items. Frozen (${\leq}\;-20^{\circ}C$) and refrigerated ($0{\sim}10^{\circ}C$) processed foods are popular items in group food services. Their storage, heating, and chemical sanitization methods are potential sources of food disease outbreaks. Our results can be applied to a well-organized hygiene control system and can be used to develop menus for preventing food-borne outbreaks.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.984-992
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• 2020

Objectives: This survey research was conducted to evaluate real-time non-face-to-face education in clinical Korean medicine conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: This study was conducted with all 3rd and 4th grade students of the Department of Korean Medicine, Gachon University. The Korean Internal Medicine (Pulmonary) lecture course was held from April 1st to July 1st, 2020 for one semester. The lectures were conducted through real-time non-face-to-face education using the Cisco Webex program, and the lectures were mainly conducted by sharing a PowerPoint summarizing textbook. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts and a total of 18 questions. The survey was conducted anonymously to ensure the confidentiality of all responses. Results: The overall score for real-time non-face-to-face education was 74.69±18.15 points. The efficiency of real-time non-face-to-face education was 2.12±0.78 points, and opinions on the expansion of future use were 2.08±0.91 points and were generally positive. The ratio of non-face-to-face education and face-to-face education in future clinical Korean medicine theory lectures was about 63:27, with a higher proportion of non-face-to-face education. Conclusions: Promoting clinical Korean medicine as a non-face-to-face education has generally been positively evaluated in terms of efficiency and overall, and its use should be expanded in the future. In particular, it will be necessary to use non-face-to-face education in the theory classes of clinical Korean medicine. However, technical problems involving internet, video, equipment, and communication tools will need to be improved in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.353-362
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• 2018

The national loss caused by the periodic livestock epidemic is very large. In addition, vehicle movement is the main cause of livestock epidemics in Korea. In this context, this study analyzed the relationship between the degree centrality of livestock facilities and the outbreak of infectious diseases. For this purpose, a livestock vehicle movement network was constructed using the facility entrance data provided by KAHIS. Afterwards, the centrality index was derived for each facility in the vehicle movement network and the mean centrality index of the epidemic and non-epidemic facilities were compared. The analysis results are summarized as follows. First, the degree centrality of epidemic facilities is significantly greater than non-epidemic facilities. As a result of the analysis of the entire period data and the period-based data, in most data, the degree centrality of facilities where livestock infectious diseases occurred was significantly greater than most non-occurrence facilities. Second, in the entire period data, the difference in degree centrality between the epidemic and non-epidemic facilities was smaller for HPAI than for FMD. On the other hand, no significant difference was found in the results of the analysis according to the divided period. The policy implications of the results are as follows. First, proactive management of facilities based on centrality is needed. Second, in the case of cloven-hoofed animal facilities, it is more urgent to introduce a management policy based on the degree centrality.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.383-397
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in the use of home meal replacement (HMR) and delivered foods and food habits of college students due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A survey was conducted on 460 male and female college students in Chungcheong province in December 2020. Results: The methods of participation in classes in the 2nd semester of 2020 were 40.2% for '100% non-face-to-face' and 40.4% for 'more than 70.0% of non-face-to-face classes'. 52.8% of the subjects responded that their physical activity had decreased, while 36.1% of the subjects responded that their body weight had increased over the past 6 months. Regarding the use of HMR, 62.7% of the male students and 69.6% of the female students responded with '1-2 times a week or less' before the outbreak of COVID-19. After the outbreak, 57.4% of males and 46.7% of females responded with '3-4 times a week or more' (p < 0.05, p < 0.001). As for the use of delivered food, 58.3% of the females responded with '2-3 times a month or less' before the outbreak, whereas the rate of responding with '1 or more times a week' after the outbreak was 64.6% (p < 0.001). Negative changes in food habits caused by COVID-19 were in the order of irregular meals (56.7%), increased intake of delivered food (42.2%), increased intake of snacks (33.3%), and increased intake of processed foods such as HMR (30.4%). Conclusion: As mentioned above, many college students had non-face-to-face classes due to COVID-19. During this period, they experienced decreased physical activity, weight gain, and undesirable eating habits such as irregular meal time, and increased intake of processed foods, delivery foods, and snacks. Therefore, there is a high need for nutrition education and policy support for the prevention and management of health and nutrition problems of college students, which can be caused due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.121.2-122
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• 2003

Since the demonstration that the transgenic plants expressing tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) coat protein(CP) gene showed resistance to TMV infection, there have been numerous attempts to produce virus-resistant plant by introducing of a part of or modified viral genome. This study was conducted to investigate the characterization and variability of disease outbreak of transgenic potato(T-potato) with the CP gene of potato leaf roll virus(PLRV) in an isolated field from 2000 to 2002. In the field inspection, incidence of PLRV on T-potato showed only 3.5％, while non-transgenic potato(N-potato) revealed 13.4％. Infection rate of PLRV was considerably low on T-potato with 4.2％ compared to 15.4％ of N-potato in ELISA tests. Those of potato virus M, potato virus Y and potato virus X on both potatoes were not statistically different. Infection of potato virus A was not observed on both potatoes. Incidence of potato late blight caused by Phytopkhora infestans on T-potato and N-potato did not differ each other with 52.7％, and 50.8％, respectively, Mating type of the causal fungus isolated from both potatoes was all Al types. Results indicates that the CP gene of PLRV affects specifically to the virus in the transgenic potato.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2018

Outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in vaccinated sow herds from occurrence to stabilization were monitored and analyzed in terms of serology and reproductive performance. Three different conventional pig farms experienced severe reproductive failures with the introduction of a type 1 PRRSV. These farms had adopted mass vaccination of sows using a type 2 PRRSV modified live vaccine (MLV). Therefore, to control the type 1 PRRSV, an alternative vaccination program utilizing both type 1 and type 2 MLV was undertaken. Following whole herd vaccinations with both types of MLV, successful stabilization of PRRS outbreaks was identified based on serological data (no viremia and downward trends in ELISA antibody titers in both sows and suckling piglets) and recovery of reproductive performance. Additionally, through comparison of the reproductive parameters between outbreak and non-outbreak periods, it was identified that PRRSV significantly affected the farrowing rate and the number of suckling piglets per litter at all three pig farms. Comparison of reproductive parameters between periods when the different vaccination strategies were applied revealed that the number of piglets born in total and born dead per litter were significantly increased after the introduction of the type 1 PRRS MLV.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.21 no.2 s.51
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• pp.73-77
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• 1982

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of boron application on the physiological response and the outbreak of Granville wilt flue-cured tobacco. NC2326 and Coker 86(flue-cured tobacco) were transplante dand investigated in all field culture plots for this experiment. Elongation of shoots were retarded, and stem heights were shortened in all boron applied plots and the more boron applied, the greater these tendency was. The ratio of root branching and root discoloration, and contraction by Granville wilt were docreased markedly in boron plots. Amount of harvested loaves (yield) was increased greatly in 2 and 4kg plots of borax and boric acid per 10a, and the increasing tendency was greater in NC2326 variety than Coker 86. Phenol compounds content in harvested leaves were higher in boron applied plots than non-applied, and was higher in Coker 86, Granville wilt resistant variety, than NC2326. The more boron applied, the higher nicotine content in the harvested leaves was.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.353-359
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• 2011

Fowl cholera is a contagious acute and chronic disease caused by Pasteurella multocida in both domesticated and wild birds. Acute fowl cholera in both chickens and wild birds has recently been documented in Korea, but the chronic form has not been reported in Korea until now. This study describes the first outbreak of chronic fowl cholera in 13-week-old Arbor Acre broiler breeder chickens submitted to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University in April 2006. The clinical signs of the affected flock of 9,621 chickens were lameness caused by swollen hock joints, diarrhea, ruffled feathers, and an average weekly mortality of 1.0%. At necropsy, purulent or caseous exudates were found in the hock and wing joints, humerus, and eyes, and severe pneumonia and pericarditis were discovered. Eleven bacterial isolates obtained from the liver, joint, infraorbital sinus and sternal bursa of the submitted chickens were all identified as Pasteurella multocida based on their physiological and biochemical characteristics. Five isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility against 21 different antimicrobial agents including ampicillin. All were resistant to kanamycin, neomycin, and streptomycin, and some were resistant to gentamicin. The tested isolates were all susceptible to the other 17 antimicrobial agents. All 11 isolates were capsular serogroup A based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction. In addition, two of five isolates used in the antimicrobial susceptibility test were identified as somatic serotype 1 by an agar gel diffusion precipitin test, while the others were non-typable.