• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.88-96
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• 2021

Background: Sika deer, Cervus nippon, were originally introduced to South Korea from Japan and Taiwan for commercial farming purposes. Unfortunately, they were released into the wild during religious events and have since begun to impact the native ecosystem and species endemic to South Korea. The study of activity patterns can improve our understanding of the environmental impact of non-native species and their association with sympatric species. Using camera traps, we studied the diel and seasonal activity patterns of non-native sika deer and quantified the temporal overlap with sympatric mammalian species in the Muljangori-oreum wetlands of Hallasan National Park, South Korea. Results: A total of 970 trap events were recorded for five mammalian species from nine locations during the camera-trap survey. Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) had the highest number of recorded events (72.0%), followed by sika deer (Cervus nippon) (16.2%), wild boar (Sus scrofa) (5.0%), Asian badger (Meles leucurus) (4.5%), and the Jeju weasel (Mustela sibirica quelpartis) (2.0%). Sika deer had bimodal activity patterns throughout the year, with peaks throughout the spring-autumn twilight, and day and night time throughout the winter. Relating the daily activity of sika deer with other mammalian species, roe deer expressed the highest degree of overlap (Δ₄ = 0.80) while the Asian badger demonstrated the lowest overlap (Δ₄ = 0.37). Conclusions: Our data show that sika deer are a crepuscular species with seasonal variations in daily activity patterns. Additionally, we identified the temporal differences in activity peaks between different mammals in the Muljangori-oreum wetlands and found higher degree of overlap between sika deer and roe deer during twilight hours.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권8호
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• pp.728-738
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• 2020

Time and cost-effective production of next-generation sequencing data has enabled the performance of population-scale comparative and evolutionary studies for various species, which are essential for obtaining the comprehensive insight into molecular mechanisms underlying species- or breed-specific traits. In this study, the evolutionary and functional analysis of Korean native pig (KNP) was performed using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data by comparative and population genomic approaches with six different mammalian species and five pig breeds. We examined the evolutionary history of KNP SNPs, and the specific genes of KNP based on the uniqueness of non-synonymous SNPs among the used species and pig breeds. We discovered the evolutionary trajectory of KNP SNPs within the used mammalian species as well as pig breeds. We also found olfaction-associated functions that have been characterized and diversified during evolution, and quantitative trait loci associated with the unique traits of KNP. Our study provides new insight into the evolution of KNP and serves as a good example for a better understanding of domestic animals in terms of evolution and domestication using the combined approaches of comparative and population genomics.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.155-170
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• 2016

This study established the definition of invasive disturbance species for a sustainable management and biodiversity, and derived the influence factors caused by the species. To define the species, the paper reviewed similar words such as alien species and invasive species, using standard definitions. Also reviewed the results of recent research on the factors of the species. The paper defined the invasive disturbance species as an species whose establishment and spread threaten ecosystems, habitats or species with economic or environmental harm including native and non-native. Through the reviews, The factors were classified as geographic (altitude, slope, and soil, etc.), climate (temperature, precipitation, climate change, etc.) and, anthropogenic (land use, population, road, and human activity, etc.), and species & vegetation structure (species property, local-species richness, and canopy, etc.). Especially, human activity such as urbanization and highways may be associated with both higher disturbance and higher propagule pressure. In the further study, it is required development of mitigation strategies and vegetation structure model against invasive disturbance species in urban forest based on this study.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2012

Mikania micrantha, a neo-tropical vine, is spreading rapidly in the tropical part of Nepal and is now threatening the rural ecosystem including biodiversity and rural livelihoods. However, no attempt has been made to control the spread of M. micrantha. As a result, the vines are spreading freely and rapidly. After a thorough literature review and assessment of forest management practices, we proposed a manual cutting method, as it suits the Nepalese situation for several reasons: required labor is readily available, as local communities are managing forest patches, and the method does not have any potential adverse effects on non-target native species. Experimental plots were laid out in August 2011 to examine the effectiveness of manual cutting. Two different site types based on canopy coverage were selected and divided into three blocks based on cutting strategy. Four treatments were assigned across the experimental plots following a complete block design. We harvested above-ground biomass according to the assigned treatment. The results suggested that there should be at least two consecutive cuttings within a 3-week interval before flowering, and that three consecutive cuttings resulted in 91% mortality of the vines. In addition, cutting promoted regeneration of native plant species. Employing regular cutting operations can modify understory shade enhancing regeneration of native species, which is a desirable condition to constrain proliferation of M. micrantha. Periodic cuttings reduced the competitiveness of M. micrantha regardless of canopy openness, but native ground cover should be retained.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.505-513
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 인간의 간섭 및 영향에 따른 도시지역에서의 식물종의 분포패턴 및 특성을 분석하는데 있다. 전주시에서 자생적으로 이입된 모든 유관속 식물종에 대한 포괄적 자료습득을 위하여 각 1헥타 크기의 106개 표본 조사구가 분석되었다. 이러한 표본조사구는 전주시의 전형적인 토지이용유형을 대표하고 도심지역으로부터 다양한 이격거리를 갖도록 선정되었다. 종풍부성, 생활형의 패턴 그리고 외래종의 비율이 표본조사구의 헤메로비 정도와의 관계에 대해서 분석되었다. 식물종의 수는 적당히 영향을 받는 부지에서 가장 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 이는 적당한 교란은 종풍부성 증가를 유도한다는 중간 교란 가설에 상응하는 결과이다. 인간의 영향을 가장 많이 받는 부지의 식물상은 일년생 식물과 외래종의 비율이 가장 높은 특징을 보였다. 그리고 일부 식물종들은 토지이용유형과 도시구역에 상응하는 유사한 분포를 갖는 세 가지 그룹인 도시지역 기피종(땅비싸리, 졸참나무, 개옻나무 등), 도시지역 및 외곽지역에 널리 분포하는 종(닭의장풀, 개망초, 박주가리 등)과 도시지역 선호종(애기땅빈대, 개쑥갓, 서양민들레 등)으로 구분되었다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2014

Green roof's performance in reducing stormwater runoff has been reported by numerous studies. Nonetheless, the roles of low growing vegetation in influencing stormwater runoff reduction on green roofs have been greatly overlooked. This paper describes an experiment investigating the influence of low growing vegetation in the reduction of tropical stormwater runoff on extensive green roofs. Three types of locally occurring native vegetation and one non-native Sedum species were selected (fern, herb, grass and succulent) for the experiment. Stormwater runoff reduction performance from different low growing species was done by measuring excess water runoff from the simulated green roof modules. The results show significant differences in stormwater runoff reduction from different types of vegetation. Fern was the most effective in reducing stormwater runoff, followed by herb, Sedum and grass. Vegetative characters that are found to attribute towards the performance of stormwater runoff are rooting density, structure, density, leaf type, and vegetation biomass.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.174-181
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• 2021

Background: Euphorbia jolkinii Boiss. is a perennial species native to Jeju Island and the southern coastal area of Korea. Particularly on Jeju Island, the yellow flowers of E. jolkinii Boiss. have a high ornamental value because of their contrast with basalt. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different temperatures (5, 15, 20, and 25 ℃) and gibberellic acid (GA₃) concentrations (0, 10, 100, or 1000 mg/L) on seed dormancy and germination of E. jolkinii. In addition, we classified the seed dormancy type and compared types with those of other species in the same genus. Results: The number of seeds with viable embryos and endosperms was approximately 66%. The final germination percentages at 5, 15, 20, and 25 ℃ were 51.7%, 83.5%, 2.6%, and 0.0%, respectively. In GA₃ concentration experiments, the final germination percentages of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 mg/L were 83.5%, 91.7%, 79.1%, and 83.4%, respectively, at 15 ℃ conditions, and 0.0%, 6.9%, 13.2%, and 27.3%, respectively, at 25 ℃. Conclusions: Germination improved at temperatures of 15 ℃ or lower. Furthermore, GA₃ treatment effectively reduced germination times. Thus, the seeds of E. jolkinni were classified as having non-deep physiological dormancy.

• ALGAE
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2014

The number of species of non-native and invasive marine algae is growing, with concomitant public concern about native ecosystems and coastlines. Gelidium vagum, recently introduced from northeast Asia to Europe and North America, commonly occurs from the intertidal to subtidal zones in Korea, China, and Japan. To investigate the level of genetic diversity of native populations, we analyzed mitochondrial cox1 and cob from 108 specimens of G. vagum from Korea, China, eastern Russia, including from the Netherlands and USA. The haplotype network of individual and cox1 + cob datasets revealed no genetic structure in local populations, suggesting genetic flow between Korean populations. Our results corroborate a typical pattern of genetic diversity for introduced species, with low levels in introduced populations and high levels in native populations. All haplotypes were shared between the Netherlands and USA, but not between Korea and the Netherlands / USA except cox1. Additional sampling will identify donor populations in native northeast Asian waters. This is the first report of the utility of the mitochondrial coding cob sequences in red algae.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.2
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• pp.349-352
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• 2006

The conventional pulping processes in Iran were reviewed in this paper. On account of forest resources restriction, a considerable extent of non-harvestable hardwood forests, the possibility of accessable non-wood resources and Poplar fast-growing species for using in pulp and paper industry was investigate. The cultivated area and abundance of each mentioned raw material (Wheat Straw, Sugarcane Bagasse, Poplars) were specified and the quality of their produced papers were compared in strength and opacity properties. Spruce species data was used for experiments comparisons. Regarding to environmental pollutions, low yield, inflexibility in wood and non-wood species resulted from the existent conventional processes of paper manufacturing, APMP is recommended due to high quality paper, desirable opacity properties, high yield and also the usage for all the raw materials.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.363-376
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• 2010

Vegetative communities of created wetlands often display lower species richness, less cover, higher occurrence of non-native or invasive species, and fewer obligate wetlands species than those in natural wetlands, thus failing to meet basic success criteria for wetland mitigation. This study examined the effects of two design elements, disking-induced microtopography and hydrologic regime, on the first year vegetation development pattern of a mitigation wetland newly created in the Virginia piedmont. Elevation and species cover were measured along replicate multiscale circular transects in two adjacent wetland sites that are different in their hydrologic regime. Two microtopographic indices, tortuosity (T) and limiting elevation difference (LD), were calculated from the elevation measurements. Both indices were higher in disked plots than non-disked plots, showing the effect of disking on microtopography. Out of forty-one vegetation taxa observed in the wetland, 29 taxa were naturally colonized and 12 taxa were seeded. All plots except one non-disked plot were dominated by wetland vegetation. Species richness and diversity were higher in disked than in non-disked plots. Vegetation community development seemed also influenced significantly by hydrologic regime of the site. The effect of microtopography on species richness and diversity was more pronounced in a relatively dry site compared to a wet site. In addition, percent cover, species richness and diversity of vegetation were positively correlated with microtopographic indices such as T and LD. Two design elements, microtopography and hydrologic regime, should be considered and incorporated in wetland creation to enhance plant community development.