• Title/Summary/Keyword: Non-hydration

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The Correlation Analysis of Fluid Intake, Skin Hydration and Skin pH of College Students (대학생의 수분섭취, 피부 수분보유도 및 피부 pH와의 관계)

  • Kim, Nam-Jo;Hong, Hae Sook
    • Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.132-139
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the correlation analysis between fluid intake on skin hydration and pH of college students. Methods: The subjects were 129 female nursing students in D city. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire, using a skin moisture checker and skin pH meter on faces, hands, and feet. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis, using SPSS WIN, 20. Results: The daily fluid intake was composed of 57% pure water, 21% caffeinated beverages, 22% non-caffeinated beverages. There were significant differences in average skin hydration on the three body parts according to pure water, caffeinated beverages, and non-caffeinated beverages; however, there was no significant difference measured by fluid intake. There was a significant positive correlation between fluid intake and skin hydration: between pure water and skin hydration. There was significant negative correlation between caffeinated beverages and skin hydration: between non-caffeinated beverages and skin hydration. Conclusion: The results suggest that fluid intake, pure water, caffeinated beverages, and non-caffeinated beverages have an effect on skin hydration and pH. Therefore, it is good to increase the amount of fluid intake but, it is recommended to increase the amount of intake of pure water rather than beverages to improve skin status.

A Study on The Hydration Heat Characteristics of non-fired Hwangto Substituted Concrete (비소성 황토 치환 콘크리트의 수화열 발현 특성 고찰)

  • Park, Min-Han;Suh, Dong-Kyun;Lee, Yae-Chan;Kim, Gyu-Yong;Nam, Jeong-Soo;Lee, Tae-Gyu
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2021.11a
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    • pp.34-35
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    • 2021
  • In this study, we compared and analyzed hydration heat of the Concrete(NC) and non-fired Hwangto Concrete(HT). The Concrete(NC) was based on the mix that showed 30, 45 MPa on compressive strength on 28th and Only cement was used to make it. and We substituted 30% of weight of unit cement to non-fired Hwangto to create non-fired Hwangto Concrete(HT).

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A Study on the Changes in Mechanical Properties by the Hydration of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (고분자전해질막의 수화에 의한 기계적 특성의 변화 연구)

  • EO, JUNWOO;JUNG, YOUNGGUAN;SEO, YOUNGJIN;LEE, DONGBAE;HWANG, CHULMIN;KIM, SEUNGHWAN
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.219-225
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    • 2022
  • In this study, as one part of the studies on the mechanical properties of the polymer electrolyte membrane, a study was conducted on the change in the mechanical properties due to hydration before and after aging of the polymer electrolyte membrane. The mechanical properties of the polymer electrolyte membrane changes due to hydration were confirmed through tensile tests of hydrated and non-hydrated Nafion 117. As results of this study, non-hydrated membrane showed higher mechanical properties than hydrated thing in the elastic region and some plastic regions. But, it was confirmed that hydrated membrane exhibited higher mechanical properties than non-hydrated thing in the large plastic region. Hydrated membrane has a lower glass transition temperature than non-hydrated thing due to the role of water as a plasticizer. In addition, the number of ion aggregates decreases, but the size increases, and the hydrated Nafion 117 is thought to have different mechanical properties from that of the non-hydrated thing due to the characteristic that the internal attraction is strengthened.

Comparative Study on the Hear of Hydration and Core Strength of the Underwater Non-Segregation Concrete Using Different Category of Cements (시멘트의 종류에 따른 수중불분리 콘크리트의 온도이력 및 코아강도의 특성에 관한 연구)

  • 이승훈;최응규;윤영수;원종필;노윤호
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 1996.10a
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    • pp.380-386
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    • 1996
  • This paper presents the history of heat hydration and the core strength of underwater non-segregation concrete. Three types of cements including Type I, Type V and low-heat cement have been used to make the mass specimens for measurement of heat of hydration and also for coring. Two environments of ambient and underwater conditions have been accounted for the comparison of producing the heat of hydration and for the assessment of core strength in respect to the test specimens made under normal practice.

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Concrete strength monitoring based on the variation of ultrasonic waveform acquired by piezoelectric aggregates

  • Wei, Li;Wang, Zijian;Cao, Maosen;Fu, Ronghua
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.76 no.5
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    • pp.591-598
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    • 2020
  • Ultrasonic waves provide a non-destructive and sensitive way to monitor the concrete hydration. However, limited works are reported to monitor the evolution of the mechanical parameter at early ages. In this study, modified piezoelectric aggregates are embedded inside a concrete beam to excite and receive primary waves. A hydration index, namely, the variation of ultrasonic waveform (VUW) is developed to characterize the variation of the transmitted waves during the hydration process. The recorded hydration indices are compared with the compressive strength measured by destructive test at different ages. The results show that the VUW is closer to the compressive strength than the other two traditional hydration indices, ultrasonic velocity and wave packet energy. The proposed VUW provides a simple and accurate way to monitor the concrete hydration at early ages.

A Variation of Non-Evaporable Water and Calcium Hydroxides of Concrete with Various Curing Temperatures and Ages (양생온도와 재령에 다른 콘크리트의 결합수량과 수산화칼슘의 변화)

  • 이창수;윤인석;이규동
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.273-276
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    • 2003
  • The non-evaporable water and calcium hydroxides were measured by TG/DTA for studying the temperature effect on hydration of concrete mixture. The experimental parameters introduced in this study were the curing temperatures, ages and W/C ratios. The mixing temperature was also controlled to improve the efficiency of experimental work. While the mixture cured at high temperature showed the large quantity of non-evaporable water and calcium hydroxides at early age, the production rate of these hydration products was decreased as increasing the curing age, and the quantity of hydration product became smaller than that of the corresponding mixture cured at lower temperature at later age.

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The Degree of Hydration and Mechanical Properties of High Volume Fly Ash Cement (하이볼륨 플라이애시 시멘트의 수화도 및 역학적 특성)

  • Cha, Soo-Won;Choi, Young-Cheol
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.26 no.5
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    • pp.95-102
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    • 2022
  • Recently, there has been a growing interest in reducing greenhouse gases in all industrial fields. In the construction industry, studies have been conducted for the use of high-volume fly ash concrete to replace cement with fly ash. Quantitative measurements of cement hydration and fly ash reactivity enable a clear understanding of the strength development mechanism of high-volume fly ash concrete. It is very difficult to describe the reactivity in a simple way because the hydration and pozzolanic reactions of cement paste containing fly ash are very complex and the composition of the hydration product cannot be accurately determined. This study investigated the hydration and mechanical properties of high volume fly ash (HVFA) cement according to the substitution rate of fly ash (FA). The hydration degree of cement and the reactivity of FA were evaluated through the selective dissolution method and the non-evaporable water content of the paste according to age. In addition, compressive strength was measured using HVFA mortar specimens according to age. As a result of the experiment, as the substitution rate of fly ash increased, the hydration degree of cement increased, but the reactivity of FA decreased.

Effects of Calcium Aluminate Compounds on Hydration of BFS

  • Song, Hyeon-jin;Kang, Seung-Min;Jeon, Se-Hoon;Kim, Jung-Won;Song, Myong-Shin
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.52 no.6
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    • pp.483-488
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    • 2015
  • Blast furnace slag(BFS) is well known for its hardening mechanism in ordinary Portland cement with alkali activation due to its latent hydraulic property. The possibility of using calcium compound as activator for BFS has been investigated in this study. The hydration properties of calcium compound activated BFS binders were explored using heat of hydration, powder X-ray diffraction and compressive strength testing. Heat of hydration results indicate that the hydration heat of BFS is lower than OPC paste by about 50%. And ettringite as hydration product was formed continuously as the calcium sulfate was decreased. The maximum compressive strength of hardened BFS mortar at 28 days is confirmed to be 83% as compared with hardened OPC mortar.

Effects of Bacterial Nutrients on Early Cement Composites Properties (박테리아 영양소 성분이 시멘트 복합체의 초기 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Jang, Indong;Kim, Baek-Joong;Yi, Chongku
    • Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.53-59
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    • 2018
  • When manufacturing self-healing concrete using bacteria, nutrients are added to increase the activity of the bacteria. Although many researches have focused on the effects of nutrients containing bacterial healing agent on concrete, few have studied the effects of sole nutrient on self-healing of cement composites. Bacterial nutrients, like commercial chemical admixtures, affect hydration characteristics such as flow, setting, hydration heat, mechanical strength of cement composites and also affect the self healing of cement composites by hydration of unhydrated particles. In this study, effect of the four nutrient commonly used in the existing literature on the hydration characteristics of cement composites by its addition was investigated. Flow, setting time, hydration heat, compressive strength have studied for each nutrients added by 1.5% and 3% of cement weight. Experimental results shows that urea and calcium-nitrate can be used up to 3% without significant detrimental effect on cement composites. Addition of calcium-lactate up to 1.5% show better compressive strength than control, but addition of 3% show almost non-hydration. Yeast extract shows detrimental effects on the composites regardless of the amount added.

Hydration Characteristics of Coal-Fly Ash Containing High CaO Compound (CaO 화합물이 다량 함유된 비산재의 수화 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Sim, Jun-Soo;Lee, Ki-Gang;Kim, Yu-Taek;Kang, Seung-Ku
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.185-190
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to examine a possibility that fly ash could be used as raw material for carbonation by conducting the experiment on magnetic separation and hydration of fly ash that contained a large amount of CaO composite. Wet magnetic separation experiment was performed to remove the component of magnetic substance that contained fly ash, which aimed at increasing the content of CaO in the non-magnetic domain. The selected fly ash was used for hydration experiment before the TG-DTA, XRF and XRD analyses were made to confirm the Ca component that could be carbonated. Then, the fly ash was turned to a hydrate that was favorable to dissociation of $Ca^{2+}$ ion. As a result, the magnetic separation enabled detecting the content of CaO component by up to 61 wt% in the non-magnetic domain. Since the hydrate was confirmed, it is believed that the fly ash can be used as raw material for carbonation.