• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1365-1370
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• 2013

This paper examines the effects of magnetic induction attenuation on current distribution in the exit regions of the Faraday-type, non-equilibrium plasma Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator by numerical calculation using cesium-seeded helium. Calculations show that reasonable magnetic induction attenuation creates a very uniform current distribution near the exit region of generator channel. Furthermore, it was determined that the current distribution in the middle part of generator is negligible, and the output electrodes can be used without large ballast resistors. In addition, the inside resistance of the exit region and the current concentration at the exit electrode edges, both decrease with the attenuation of magnetic flux density. The author illustrates that the exit electrodes of the diagonal Faraday-type, non-equilibrium plasma MHD generator should be arranged in the attenuation region of the magnetic induction, in order to improve the electrical parameters of the generator.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.85-106
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• 2015

Postbuckling of thick plates made of functionally graded material (FGM) subjected to in-plane compressive, thermal and thermomechanical loads is investigated in this work. It is assumed that the plate is in contact with a Pasternak-type elastic foundation during deformation. Thermomechanical non-homogeneous properties are considered to be temperature independent, and graded smoothly by the distribution of power law across the thickness in the thickness in terms of the volume fractions of constituents. By employing the higher order shear deformation plate theory together the non-linear von-Karman strain-displacement relations, the equilibrium and compatibility equations of imperfect FGM plates are derived. The Galerkin technique is used to determine the buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths for simply supported plates. Numerical examples are presented to show the influences of power law index, foundation stiffness and imperfection on the buckling and postbuckling loading capacity of the plates.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.507-521
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• 2012

The capacity design of shear forces is one of the special demands of EC8 by which the ductile behavior of structures is implemented. The aim of capacity design is the formation of plastic hinges without shear failure of the elements. This is achieved by deriving the design shear forces from equilibrium conditions, assuming that plastic hinges, with their possible over-strengths, have been formed in the adjacent joints of the elements. In this equilibrium situation, the parameters (dimensions, material properties, axial forces etc) are random variables. Therefore, the capacity design of shear forces is associated with a probability of non-compliance (probability of failure). In the present study the probability of non-compliance of the shear capacity design in columns is calculated by assuming the basic variables as random variables. Parameters affecting this probability are examined and a modification of the capacity design is proposed, in order to achieve uniformity of the safety level.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.631-645
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• 2011

The capacity design rule for beam-column joints, as adopted by the EC8, forces the formation of the plastic hinges to be developed in beams rather than in columns. This is achieved by deriving the design moments of the columns of a joint from equilibrium conditions, assuming that plastic hinges with their possible overstrengths have been developed in the adjacent beams of the joint. In this equilibrium the parameters (dimensions, material properties, axial forces etc) are, in general, random variables. Hence, the capacity design is associated with a probability of non-compliance (probability of failure). In the present study the probability of non-compliance of the capacity design rule of joints is being calculated by assuming the basic variables as random variables. Parameters affecting this probability are examined and a modification of the capacity design rule for beam-column joints is proposed, in order to achieve uniformity of the safety level.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-50
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• 2001

A numerical methodology is presented in this paper for the geometrically non-linear analysis of slender uni-dimensional structural elements under unilateral contact constraints. The finite element method together with an updated Lagrangian formulation is used to study the structural system. The unilateral constraints are imposed by tensionless supports or foundations. At each load step, in order to obtain the contact regions, the equilibrium equations are linearized and the contact problem is treated directly as a minimisation problem with inequality constraints, resulting in a linear complementarity problem (LCP). After the resulting LCP is solved by Lemke's pivoting algorithm, the contact regions are identified and the Newton-Raphson method is used together with path following methods to obtain the new contact forces and equilibrium configurations. The proposed methodology is illustrated by two examples and the results are compared with numerical and experimental results found in literature.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.187-188
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• 2003

In order to control the transonic flow field with shock wave, a condensing flow was produced by an expansion of moist air on a circular bump model and shock waves were occurred in the supersonic parts of the fields. Furthermore, the additional passive technique of shock - boundary layer interaction using the porous wall with a cavity underneath was adopted in this flow field. The effects of these methods on the shock wave characteristics were investigated numerically. The result showed that the flow fields might be effectively controlled by the suitable combination between non-equilibrium condensation and the position of porous wall.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.161-164
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• 2004

A finite volume numerical model is developed for simulating non-equilibrium electroosmotic flow in micro- and nanochannels. The Guoy-Chapman model is adopted to compute the flow and electric potential. The Nernst-Planck equation is employed to trace unsteady transports of ionic species, i.e., time-dependent net charge density. A new set of boundary conditions based on surface charge density are designed rather than using the conventionally-employed zeta potential. A few issues for an efficient computation of electroosmotic flows are discussed. Representative computational examples are given to illustrate the robustness of the numerical model.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.29 no.2 s.233
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• pp.197-204
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• 2005

The under-expanded jet discharged from a nozzle or an orifice has been extensively employed in industrial applications and aerospace technologies. A number of studies have been made to investigate the under-expanded jet structures such as Mach disk, barrel shock wave, jet boundary configuration, etc. In the current study, a computational work is performed to investigate the effect of non-equilibrium condensation of moist air on the under-expanded jet, which is discharged from a sonic nozzle. The results obtained are compared with an available experimental data. It is found that non-equilibrium condensation of moist air alleviates the oscillations of the under-expanded jet, and can increase Mach disk diameter, without changing the location.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.2051-2063
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• 1995

An improved version of nonlinear low-Reynolds-number k-.epsilon. model is developed. In this model, the limiting near-wall behavior and nonlinear Reynolds stress representations are incorporated. Emphasis is placed on the adoption of Ry(.iden. $k^{1}$2/y/.nu.) instead of $y^{[-10]}$ (.iden. $u_{{\tau}/y/{\nu}}$) in the low-Reynolds-number model for predicting turbulent separated and reattaching flows. The non-equilibrium effect is examined to describe recirculating flows away from the wall. The present model is validated by doing the benchmark problem of turbulent flow behind a backward-facing step. The predictions of the present model are cross-checked with the existing measurements and DNS data. The model performance is shown to be generally satisfactory.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.2039-2050
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• 1995

The nonlinear low-Reynolds-number k..epsilon. model of park and Sung is extended to predict the turbulent heat transports in separated and reattaching flows. The equations of the temperature variance( $k_{\theta}$ and its dissipation rate(.epsilon.$_{\theta}$ are solved, in concert with the equations of the turbulent kinetic energy(k) and its dissiation rate(.epsilon). In the present model, the near-wall effect and the non-equilibrium effect are fully taken into consideration. The validation of the model is then applied to the turbulent flow behind a backward-facing step and the flow over a blunt body. The predicted results of the present model are compared and evaluated with the relevant experiments.