• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.22 no.B
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• pp.103-108
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• 2002

This research was performed to investigate the generation and physico-chemical characteristics of municipal solid wastes. The results were as follows: i) The generation rate and bulk density were 0.157 kg/cap/d and 147.8 g/L in residential zone, respectively. In non-residential zone, the generation and bulk density were 1.71 kg/cap/d and 85.6 g/L, respectively. Consequently, bulk density of non-residential zone was lower than that of residential zone. ii) The wastes consisted of 90% of combustibles and 10% of incombustibles in residential zone. And the wastes from non-residential zone was composed 85% of combustibles and 15% of incombustibles. iii) Water content was estimated at 47~50% in residential zone and restaurants. In non-residential zone, except restaurants, water content was in the range of 10~30%. Ash content was nearly 10% in overall zone.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.4876-4883
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• 2013

Nowadays numbers of non-residential Korean traditional house (Han-ok) like Caf$\acute{e}$ and restaurants within the cultural property preservation area. So the purpose of this study is suggesting the necessity of governmental support about non-residential Han-ok. The research started to analyze influential factors toward them and estimate the value of non-residential Han-ok. After then it investigated what kind of value factors are important when it is agreed to the necessity of governmental support using logistic regression. According to the result, there are main 7 factors; possibilities to use Han-ok with poor residential environment, the unique appearance of Han-ok, possibilities to offer social and welfare service within local community, value to develop tourism on Han-ok, utilization of commercial area, historical deficiency and easy to access Han-ok for tourists and overseas which are an effect on decision making to sustain non-residential Han-ok.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.2 s.80
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• pp.137-148
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• 2006

The current study proposesto examine the external appearance types of urban-style hanok in the Bukchon Hanok Preservation District according to their use. For this purpose, we conducted a field survey from the 12th of September to 10th of October 2005, which investigated the location, condition md use of urban-style hanok that were being used for non-residential purposes. The external elevation of the houses were observed and photographed. The results are as follows. First, there were 158 urban-style hanok used for non-residential purposes and200 cases of non-residential use. There were 69 cases of food and beverage spaces, 58 cases of small retail businesses, 38 cases of cultural facilities and 7 cases of convenience facilities. Second, among residential urban-style hanok used for non-residential purposes, 131 cases changed the external appearance of existing urban-style hanok and only 69 cases maintained the original appearance of urban-style hanok or renovated the appearance fittingly to non-residential use. Among the renovated cases, 59 involved the construction of a firewall and 10 cases involved remodeling in a contemporary style. Among the transformed cases, 40 cases exhibited a full opening to the roadside, n involved the change of external appearance components, 14 involved the extension of the courtyard and 12 involved overall improvements to a contemporary style. Third, in the case of cultural facilities and offices, many instances reproduced an urban-style hanok in the traditional style, but small retail shops and food/beverage spaces showed serious deformation. Particularly small retail shops opened the side to the road or extended the courtyard regardless of the location of the houses in order to increase the store space and, as a result, severely damaged the urban-style hanok. In addition, many food/beverage spaces remodeled their external components using tiles, bricks or metals, which were easy to maintain.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2004

Apartment design in residential Area is restricted by building distance limit code. Building distance limit decreases gradually to the 0.8H(height), and residential area has 250% site area ratio by building code, so site using has become efficient. In this study, examine the relationship between present building distance limit and right of daylighting environment by computer simulation. As well, high-rise residential officetel and multipurpose residential building becomes increase in commercial non-residential area. In the domestic, residential type multipurpose building made at the business area or central business area has 400∼800% site area ratio by building code. However, at a dweller's point of view, there are much lacks of environmental consideration to provide suitable daylighting environment. And, POE: Post Occupancy Evaluation is not completed yet. In this study, however, progress architectural environment prediction, basis by right of daylighting, and examine the possibility of daylighting by architectural distance limit code in residental area and by high-rise, high-density residential building in non-residental downtown area.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.87-102
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare the taxation equity of non-residential collective real estate based on its standard market prices set by National Tax Service and those for taxation set by the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs with that of the apartment houses in Seoul, South Korea. The study findings were as follows. First, the analysis results of the standard market price rates of non-residential collective real estate pointed to a huge gap in the assessment rate (AR) of the taxation standards among the Gu offices. Second, there was a big coefficient of dispersion (COD) in the standard market prices of non-residential collective real estate, which confirmed the presence of horizontal inequity. Finally, there was regressive vertical inequity, which leads to the undervaluation of high-value assets, in the standard market prices of non-residential collective real estate. The evaluation of the standard market prices of non-residential collective real state should thus reflect the market prices and the addition and assessment of the land and buildings to achieve taxation equity. Based on these findings, it is hoped that this study will make a significant contribution to the improvement of the official announcement system for non-residential real estate based on real transactions during the shift to such system.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.75-80
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze architectural plans of lower part of super tall mixed-use residential building for understanding its functions for urban. The area of this research are limited to super tall mixed-use residential building which were built in Seoul, Kyoung-gi area, and new towns. For this purpose, theories for super tall mixed-use residential building and non-housing parts were researched, and characteristics of selected cases for field research were analyzed by studying drawing materials. The research focused on scale, type of building, included programs for public spaces, and characteristics of location. As a result, every cases were designed as 'outdoor transition zone-centered type', and for urban function, non-housing facilities were condensed to increase convenience. In addition, ratio of non-housing part were incresesed with public spaces design for residents, and various programs were inserted.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.639-651
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• 2016

"Law on price announcement for real estate" which was revised as of Jan. 19, 2016 (will be enforced as of Sep. 1, 2016) decided the introduction of 'Price announcement system for non-residential property' for the first time. However, its introduction seems to be delayed based on two reasons. Firstly the methodology for introduction of non-property system is not definitized, despite many problems were brought up for current tax base of non-residential property. In addition, changes in tax base will place a burden on the government. In this regard, this study analyzed actual transaction price data throughout one year to analyze equity of taxation for non-residential property and to find major factor which affects on the tax base, in relation with the change of current public announcement system to actual transaction based system. And this is the first study that applied actual transaction price to non-residential property.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.71-79
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• 2017

Recently, Fire watching and dangerous substances monitoring system has been being developed to enhance various fire related security. It is generally assumed that fire flame extraction plays a very important role on this monitoring system. In this study, we propose the fire flame extraction method of Non-Residential Facilities based on core object extraction in image. A core object is defined as a comparatively large object at center of the image. First of all, an input image and its decreased resolution image are segmented. Segmented regions are classified as the outer or the inner region. The outer region is adjacent to boundaries of the image and the rest is not. Then core object regions and core background regions are selected from the inner region and the outer region, respectively. Core object regions are the representative regions for the object and are selected by using the information about the region size and location. Each inner region is classified into foreground or background region by comparing its values of a color histogram intersection of the inner region against the core object region and the core background region. Finally, the extracted core object region is determined as fire flame object in the image. Through experiments, we find that to provide a basic measures can respond effectively and quickly to fire in non-residential facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

The Korean government plans to introduce the building energy performance standard which regulates the annual energy consumption of buildings. This paper aimed to set up the reference building from database based on the building design trends for non-residential buildings. We surveyed the design data of 435 non-residential buildings which were granted building permission from 2007 to 2011. And we conducted estimation on the heating & cooling load and the energy consumption of the reference building using ECO2 program. From results, the reference building of non-residential buildings was office building which had a total 7 floors and $20,838m^2$ gross floor area. And it suggests the design reference data of building envelope, HAVC, heat source equipment and lighting system for the reference building. The total annual energy use of the reference building was $151.9kWh/m^2yr$.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.189-210
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• 2022

Cities around the world have paid attention to public transportation as an alternative to reducing traffic congestion caused by automobile usage, excessive energy consumption, and environmental pollution. This study measures accessibility to subway stations in Seoul using a supply-demand-based accessibility technique. Then, the impacts were analyzed through land prices by use and segment. As a result of analysis using the multilevel hedonic price models, accessibility considering both supply and demand for the subway had a positive effect on both residential and non-residential land prices. The effect was stronger for residential than for non-residential. Further, among the accessibility measured by the three functions, the accessibility by the Exponential function was most suitable for the residential land price, and the accessibility measured by the Power function for the non-residential land price had the highest explanatory power. Also, looking at the impacts by land price segments, it was found that higher access to metro stations had the greatest positive impacts on the most expensive segment of residential and non-residential land prices. The results of this study can be applied not only to identify the impacts of public investment on neighborhoods, but also to support real estate valuation.