• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2019

본 논문은 QAM 신호의 전송시 비선형 통신 채널에서 발생되는 부호간 간섭을 최소화시켜 Qos를 개선할 수 있는 블라인드 등화 알고리즘인 CM-MMA (Constellation Matching-MMA)와 RMMA (Region-based MMA)의 성능 비교에 관한 것이다. 적응을 위한 탭 계수 갱신에서 CM-MMA는 기존 MMA 비용 함수에 sinusoidal power function의 constellation matching error 항을 부가되어 nonconstant modulus 신호의 오차를 이용하며, RMMA는 nonconstant modulus 등화기 출력 constellation을 4-QAM의 constant modulus 신호로 변환한 후 오차를 이용하게 된다. 이와 같은 오차 신호에 의해 이들은 상이한 적응 성능을 가지므로, 논문에서는 이들 알고리즘의 적응 등화 성능을 비교하며 이를 위하여 등화기 출력 성상도, 잔류 isi, 최대 찌그러짐과 SER을 적용하였다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 결과 RMMA가 CM-MMA 보다 수렴 속도, 잔여량 및 잡음 강인성의 모든 성능에서 우월함을 알 수 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제71권4호
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• pp.391-405
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• 2019

Compared to the ambient vibration test mainly identifying the structural modal parameters, such as frequency, damping and mode shapes, the impact testing, which benefits from measuring both impacting forces and structural responses, has the merit to identify not only the structural modal parameters but also more detailed structural parameters, in particular flexibility. However, in traditional impact tests, an impacting hammer or artificial excitation device is employed, which restricts the efficiency of tests on various bridge structures. To resolve this problem, we propose a new method whereby a moving vehicle is taken as a continuous exciter and develop a corresponding flexibility identification theory, in which the continuous wheel forces induced by the moving vehicle is considered as structural input and the acceleration response of the bridge as the output, thus a structural flexibility matrix can be identified and then structural deflections of the bridge under arbitrary static loads can be predicted. The proposed method is more convenient, time-saving and cost-effective compared with traditional impact tests. However, because the proposed test produces a spatially continuous force while classical impact forces are spatially discrete, a new flexibility identification theory is required, and a novel structural identification method involving with equivalent load distribution, the enhanced Frequency Response Function (eFRFs) construction and modal scaling factor identification is proposed to make use of the continuous excitation force to identify the basic modal parameters as well as the structural flexibility. Laboratory and numerical examples are given, which validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, parametric analysis including road roughness, vehicle speed, vehicle weight, vehicle's stiffness and damping are conducted and the results obtained demonstrate that the developed method has strong robustness except that the relative error increases with the increase of measurement noise.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2021

The enormous prevalence of transferring official confidential digital documents via the Internet shows the urgent need to deliver confidential messages to the recipient without letting any unauthorized person to know contents of the secret messages or detect there existence . Several Steganography techniques such as the least significant Bit (LSB), Secure Cover Selection (SCS), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Palette Based (PB) were applied to prevent any intruder from analyzing and getting the secret transferred message. The utilized steganography methods should defiance the challenges of Steganalysis techniques in term of analysis and detection. This paper presents a novel and robust framework for color image steganography that combines Linear Congruential Generator (LCG), simulated annealing (SA), Cesar cryptography and LSB substitution method in one system in order to reduce the objection of Steganalysis and deliver data securely to their destination. SA with the support of LCG finds out the optimal minimum sniffing path inside a cover color image (RGB) then the confidential message will be encrypt and embedded within the RGB image path as a host medium by using Cesar and LSB procedures. Embedding and extraction processes of secret message require a common knowledge between sender and receiver; that knowledge are represented by SA initialization parameters, LCG seed, Cesar key agreement and secret message length. Steganalysis intruder will not understand or detect the secret message inside the host image without the correct knowledge about the manipulation process. The constructed system satisfies the main requirements of image steganography in term of robustness against confidential message extraction, high quality visual appearance, little mean square error (MSE) and high peak signal noise ratio (PSNR).

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 HEVC(High Efficiency Video Coding) 기반의 실감형 콘텐츠에 대한 실시간 스트리밍 저작권 보호 기법을 제안한다. 기존의 연구는 저작권 사전 보호와 저작권 사후 보호를 위해 암호화와 모듈러 연산을 사용하기 때문에 초고해상도의 영상에서 지연이 발생한다. 제안하는 기법은 HEVC의 CABAC 코덱만으로 스레드풀 기반에서 DRM 패키징을 하고 GPU 기반에서 고속 비트 연산(XOR)을 사용하여 병렬화를 극대화하므로 실시간 저작권 보호가 가능하다. 이 기법은 세 가지의 해상도에서 기존 연구와 비교한 결과 PSNR은 평균 8배 높은 성능을 보였고, 프로세스 속도는 평균 18배의 차이를 보였다. 그리고 포렌식마크의 강인성을 비교한 결과 재압축 공격에서 27배 차이를 보이며, 필터 및 노이즈 공격에서는 8배 차이를 보였다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.313-330
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• 2021

카메라와 라이다가 탑재된 자율주행 시스템에서 깊이완성기술을 통해 조밀한 깊이추정을 할 수 있다. 특히, 자기지도학습을 이용하면 깊이정답이 없는 주행데이터로도 깊이완성 네트워크의 학습이 가능하다. 실제 자율주행환경에서 이러한 깊이완성의 출력은 다른 알고리즘들의 입력으로 사용되므로 매우 빠른 지연속도를 요구한다. 그래서 본 논문에서는 종래의 연구들처럼 네트워크를 고도화하여 정확도를 높이기보단 추론속도를 극대화한 형태의 깊이완성 네트워크를 사용한다. GPU 연산에 최적화된 RegNet 인코더를 사용하고 네트워크의 병렬성을 고려한 U-Net 형태의 네트워크를 설계한다. 대신, 본 논문에서는 자기지도학습 과정에서 정확도를 높일 수 있는 몇 가지 기법들을 제시한다. 제시하는 기법들은 신뢰할 수 없는 라이다 입력에 대한 강인함을 높이고 사전에 추출한 시맨틱 정보를 바탕으로 에지와 하늘 영역에 대한 깊이 추정 품질을 향상시킨다. 실험을 통해 우리의 모델은 매우 경량임에도 (2.42ms at 1280x480) 노이즈에 강하며 최신 연구들과 대등한 정확도를 보임을 확인한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4292-4307
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• 2021

For the research field of night infrared surveillance video, the target imaging in the video is easily affected by the light due to the characteristics of the active infrared camera and the classical ViBe algorithm has some problems for moving target extraction because of background misjudgment, noise interference, ghost shadow and so on. Therefore, an improved ViBe algorithm (I-ViBe) for moving target extraction in night infrared surveillance video is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the video frames are sampled and judged by the degree of light influence, and the video frame is divided into three situations: no light change, small light change, and severe light change. Secondly, the ViBe algorithm is extracted the moving target when there is no light change. The segmentation factor of the ViBe algorithm is adaptively changed to reduce the impact of the light on the ViBe algorithm when the light change is small. The moving target is extracted using the region growing algorithm improved by the image entropy in the differential image of the current frame and the background model when the illumination changes drastically. Based on the results of the simulation, the I-ViBe algorithm proposed has better robustness to the influence of illumination. When extracting moving targets at night the I-ViBe algorithm can make target extraction more accurate and provide more effective data for further night behavior recognition and target tracking.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제86권6호
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• pp.715-730
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• 2023

Broad studies have addressed the issue of structural element damage identification, however, rubber bearing, as a key component of load transmission between the superstructure and substructure, is essential to the operational safety of a bridge, which should be paid more attention to its health condition. However, regarding the limitations of the traditional bearing damage detection methods as well as few studies have been conducted on this topic, in this paper, inspired by the model updating-based structural damage identification, a two-stage bearing damage identification method has been proposed. In the first stage, we deduce a novel bearing damage localization indicator, called element relative MSE, to accurately determine the bearing damage location. In the second one, the prior knowledge of bearing damage localization is combined with sailfish optimization (SFO) to perform the bearing damage estimation. In order to validate the feasibility, a numerical example of a 5-span continuous beam is introduced, also the noise robustness has been investigated. Meanwhile, the effectiveness and engineering applicability are further verified based on an experimental simply supported beam and actual engineering of the I-40 Bridge. The obtained results are good, which indicate that the proposed method is not only suitable for simple structures but also can accurately locate the bearing damage site and identify its severity for complex structure. To summarize, the proposed method provides a good guideline for the issue of bridge bearing detection, which could be used to reduce the difficulty of the traditional bearing failure detection approach, further saving labor costs and economic expenses.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2023

파장당 200 Gb/s급 신호를 전송하는 고속 근거리 광통신 시스템을 비용 효율적으로 구축하기 위한 방안으로서 캐리어 억제 펄스 기반의 2채널 광학적 시분할 다중화 시스템을 제안한다. 캐리어 억제 펄스는 널 바이어스가 인가된 마하 젠더 변조기로 생성되며, 이는 시분할 다중화 신호를 색분산에 강인하게 만든다. 송신부에서는 캐리어 억제 펄스를 둘로 분기하고, 각각을 100 Gb/s의 4레벨 진폭 변조 신호로 변조한 후, 광학적 시분할 다중화를 통해 200 Gb/s의 신호를 생성한다. 다중화된 광 신호는 광섬유로 전송된 후, 반도체 광 증폭기로 증폭되며, 한 개의 광 검출기로 검출된다. 증폭기에 의해 발생한 잡음은 광학 필터로 제거된다. 시분할 다중화 과정에서 발생하는 누화는 다중 입력-다중 출력 이퀄라이저로 보상한다. 본 연구에서는 200 Gb/s의 고속 신호를 40 ps/nm의 색분산을 갖는 광섬유로 전송하여도 3.8×10^-3 이하의 비트 오율을 확보할 수 있음을 시뮬레이션으로 확인하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2023

Bridge hangers, such as those in suspension and cable-stayed bridges, suffer from cumulative fatigue damage caused by dynamic loads (e.g., cyclic traffic and wind loads) in their service condition. Thus, the identification of damage to hangers is important in preserving the service life of the bridge structure. This study develops a new method for condition assessment of bridge hangers. The tension force of the bridge and the damages in the element level can be identified using the Bayesian optimization method. To improve the number of observed data, the additional mass method is combined the Bayesian optimization method. Numerical studies are presented to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. The influence of different acquisition functions, which include expected improvement (EI), probability-of-improvement (PI), lower confidence bound (LCB), and expected improvement per second (EIPC), on the identification of damage to the bridge hanger is studied. Results show that the errors identified by the EI acquisition function are smaller than those identified by the other acquisition functions. The identification of the damage to the bridge hanger with various types of boundary conditions and different levels of measurement noise are also studied. Results show that both the severity of the damage and the tension force can be identified via the proposed method, thereby verifying the robustness of the proposed method. Compared to the genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and nonlinear least-square method (NLS), the Bayesian optimization (BO) performs best in identifying the structural damage and tension force.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.319-338
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• 2023

The study presents a new hybrid data-driven method by combining radial basis functions neural networks (RBF-NN) with the Jaya algorithm (JA) to provide effective structural health monitoring of arch dams. The novelty of this approach lies in that only one user-defined parameter is required and thus can increase its effectiveness and efficiency, as compared to other machine learning techniques that often require processing a large amount of training and testing model parameters and hyper-parameters, with high time-consuming. This approach seeks rapid damage detection in arch dams under dynamic conditions, to prevent potential disasters, by utilizing the RBF-NNN to seamlessly integrate the dynamic elastic modulus (DEM) and modal parameters (such as natural frequency and mode shape) as damage indicators. To determine the dynamic characteristics of the arch dam, the JA sequentially optimizes an objective function rooted in vibration-based data sets. Two case studies of hyperbolic concrete arch dams were carefully designed using finite element simulation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the RBF-NN model, in conjunction with the Jaya algorithm. The testing results demonstrated that the proposed methods could exhibit significant computational time-savings, while effectively detecting damage in arch dam structures with complex nonlinearities. Furthermore, despite training data contaminated with a high level of noise, the RBF-NN and JA fusion remained the robustness, with high accuracy.